Index

The page numbers in boldface type indicate the pages where the terms are defined.
Terms that occur in investigations (inv.) and activities (act.) are also indicated.

Abiotic, 38 Blue walleye, 64 Compression forces, 307 Design, 272, 276–277inv,

Abrasion, 377
Absolute zero, 195
Acid rain, 52, 374
rocks, 375inv
Actinomycetes in soil, 151
Active solar heating,
241, 243
Adaptation, 10
ecosystems, 60
Adapted, 10
Adhesives, 292
Aesthetics, 284
Aftershocks, 396
Agriculture, 132–141
farming practices, 140
media monitor, 148act
Air pollution, 374
Albite, 355
Alfalfa, 135
Ammonites, 419
Anther, 122
Anticline, 413
Aquaponics, 160
Arch, 322
Asexual reproduction, 118
Aspen, 144
Aspirin, 98
Astrophysicists, 217
Bacteria in soil, 151
Balance, 299, 301,
330inv, 331–332
Bark, 108
Barley, 134
Basalt, 361
Baseline data, 74
ecosystems, 76–77inv
Beams, 322–323
Bedrock, 396
Belemnites, 422
Bell, Alexander Graham,
277
Bend, 316
Bending force, 308
Bill trout, 64
Bimetallic strip, 199
Bioaccumulation, 54, 170
Biological control, 61,
62act, 173
Biological weathering, 374
Biomass, 43
Biotic, 38
Bitumen, 428
Black smokers, 394
Black spruce, 144
Blue Box program, 35, 74
Boiling point, 198inv, 221
Bowhead whale, 64
Brazing, 292
Bridge, 276–277inv
Buckle, 316
Burrowing owl, 64,
66inv, 67
Calcite, 365
Caloric fluid, 204
Calvaria tree, 67
Cambium, 108
Canola, 134, 166
Cantilever, 322
Carbon cycle, 49
Carbon dioxide and snails,
50inv
Carbonaceous film, 418
Carnivores, 40
Carson, Rachel, 53
Cast, 420
Celsius scale, 194
Celsius, Anders, 194
Cementation, 365
Cenozoic Era, 425
Centre of gravity, 331act,
332, 333, 334–335inv
Changes of state, 220,
222–223inv
particle model of matter,
218
temperature, 220
thermal energy, 220
Chemical control of pests,
168, 169
effect on other animals,
169act
Chemical energy, 232, 239
Chemical weathering, 374
Chlorophyll, 110
Science log, 110
Classification keys, 144act
Cleavage, 357
Climate, 384
soil, 150, 371
weathering, 371
Coal, 101, 428
Cogeneration, 146, 247
Columns, 323
Commensalism, 15
Compaction, 364
Complex mountains, 414
Composite, 286
Compost(ing), 46–47inv,
244, 371
Compound, 354
Compressive strength, 307
Condensation, 51
Condense, 220
Conductors, 229
Cones, 120
Conglomerate, 364
Conservation and fossil
fuels, 248–256
Construction of plants, 100
Consumers, 40
Continental drift, 383,
384, 385, 386inv
glaciers, 385
See also Plate tectonics
Contract, 210
Contraction, 210–217
gases, 214, 215act
liquids, 215, 216act
solids, 211
Convection, 230
Convection current, 230,
231act, 392
Converging plates, 390
Copper, 354
Coral, 422
Cordillera, 412
Core, 382
Corundum, 355, 356
Cost of materials, 288
Cotton, 94
Creed, Frederick, 273
Crop rotation, 168
Crops, 92
fruit, 136act
vegetable, 136act
Crust, 354, 382–394
movements, 436–437inv
Crystal systems, 355
Crystals, 355, 362–363inv
natural, 360
synthetic, 360
Currie, Dr. Phil, 422
Cuttings as vegetative
reproduction, 119inv
Dandelion, 165
Darwin, Charles, 151
DDT, 24, 53, 61, 170
Dead load, 306
Decision-making
investigations, xix
Decomposers, 45
Deep Sea Drilling, 389
Deformation, 305
Degree, 194–195
282, 293act
forces, 321–328
safety, 285
Diamond, 354
Differentially permeable,
107
Diffusion, 107
roots, 107
Dinosaurs, 419
Science log, 418
Diverging plates, 390
Diversity, 143
Dodo bird, 67
Dolomite, weathering, 374
Dormant, 406
Dunn, Jennifer, 432
E. coli bacteria, 80–81
Earthquakes, 395–405,
402inv
aftershocks, 396
epicentre, 399,
400–401inv
focus, 399
locating, 399,
400–401inv
measuring, 396
patterns, 408–409inv
preparing for, 404act
primary wave, 398–399
Richter scale, 396
rock movement, 403
secondary wave,
398–399
seismograph, 396,
398–399, 400
shadow zone, 398
surface wave, 398–399
waves, 396–398
weathering, 374
zones, 403
Earthworms and soil, 151
Eastern cougar, 64
Ecological cost,
determining, 32act
Ecological footprint, 29,
30, 31, 33
Science log, 31
Ecologist, 6
Ecology, 6, 7
Science log, 7
Ecosystem, 9act, 13
adaptation, 10, 60
artificial, 22
baseline data, 76–77inv

498 MHR • Index

 biological control, 61 transformation, 233 Farming practices, 140 drilling locations,
bull trout, 48act use of, 190 Fasteners, 290 430–431inv
changes in, 56–67 using, 189inv Fault block mountains, 413 finding, 428
environmental Energy conservation, Faults, 403 mining, 428
monitoring, 71inv, 248act, 249inv, 252, models, 404act Fossils, 418–422
72–73inv 254act mountain building, 413 age, 425act
forest, 143 Science log, 245 normal, 403 Burgess Shale, 419
human activity, 60 Energy efficiency, 249inv, reverse, 403 cast, 420
human impact on, 252, 253inv, 260–261 strike-slip, 403 impressions, 421inv
18–28 environment, 289 thrust, 413 index, 423
impact on, 16 materials, 289 transform, 403 moulds, 420
interactions within, Energy flow, 42 Feller-bunchers, 146 mystery, 420act
6–17 Energy resources, Fertile, 371 original remains, 419
introduced species, 238act, 245 Fertilizer, 155 trace fossils, 419
62, 63 Energy source, 226 Fibre, 92 types of, 418
Energy transfer systems, forestry industry, 143 Foundation, 336, 337,
mealworm, 39inv
Science log, 233 meeting needs for, 338–339inv
organisms, 40
Environment, 2, 10–11 132–148 Fracture, 357
Science log, 13, 16, 40
cycles in, 49–54 plants, 113inv Frame structures,
soil, 149
energy efficiency, 289 plants, from, 94–98 274, 275act
species in danger, 64
materials, 289 strength, 96–97inv Freeze, 220
succession, 56–67
organisms, 12inv Fibre Reinforced Polymers, Freezing point, 198inv
symbiotic relationship.
plants, 92 279 Friction, 326, 327inv
See Commensalism;
pollution, 52 Fibrous roots, 105 Frost wedging, 373
Mutualism; Parasitism; Environmental Impact Filament, 122 Fruit, 92, 125
Symbiosis. Assessment, 74 Flax, 95 classifying, 126act
wetlands, 26–27inv Environmental monitoring, Fleming, Sandford, 317 crops, 136act
Ecosystem monitoring, 68 68, 69, 70 Flowers, 121
Electrical energy, 233, 239 seed, 125
ecosystems, 71inv, parts of, 122 Fuel and plants, 101
Electromagnetic radiation, 72–73inv role of, 123act Fulcrum, 315
226
long-term programs, Fluids, 230 Function, 270
Element, 354
69, 72–73inv Flying buttresses, 323 Fungi, 164
Embryo, 125
Eons, 425 Focus, 399 soil, 151
Endangered animal, 65act
Epicentre, 399 Food, 22act Fungicides, 168
Endangered species,
2, 66inv locating, 400–401inv meeting needs for, Fusion, 220
Eras, 425 132–148
Science log, 67
Erosion, 147, 373 organic, 172 Galileo, 193
Energy, 204, 206–207
agents of, 376 plants, 92, 113inv Gases
chemical. See Chemical
gravity, 375–376 Food chain, 42, 43 contraction, 214, 215act
energy conservation,
model, 379inv Food web, 43 expansion, 214, 215act
190
soil, 147, 157–158 bioaccumulation, 54 Genes, 117
control systems, 233
water, 375–376, 378 Footings, 337 Genetic engineering, 117
electrical. See Electrical
wind, 375–376 Force diagram, 304 Genetically modified
energy Force meter, 300
Erratics, 376 organisms, 117
heat, 188–191 Forces, 270, 299, 301act
Ethanol, 101 Geologic time, 423–427,
Law of Conservation of, European starlings, 63 design, 321–328 427act
207 Evaporate, 220 friction, 326 scale, 424–426
light, 226 Evaporation, 51, 224act loads, 305–314 Geology and technology,
mechanical. See Evaporative cooling, 221 mass, 298–304 387
Mechanical energy Expand, 210 picturing, 304 Geothermal energy,
nuclear. See Nuclear Expansion, 210–217 science log, 270, 307 240, 241
energy gases, 214, 215act stresses, 305–314 Germination, 128
radiant. See Radiant liquids, 215, 216act structure, 302–303inv speeding up, 129inv
energy solids, 211act, Forest products, 145act Glaciers, 376
science log, 208 212– 213inv Forestry industry, 143 continental drift, 385
thermal. See Thermal External forces, 305, 306 media monitor, 148act Global warming, 247
energy science log, 307 Forests soil, 162 Gneiss, 366
transfer, 226–236 Extinct, 64 Fossil fuels, 245, 428, 429 Gold, 354, 356, 357
transfer systems, Extrusive rocks, 361 conservation, 248–256 Gondwanaland, 425
231–233, 234inv Grafting, 118

Index • MHR 499

Granite, 366 Internal forces, 305, 307, Manipulated variable, 363 Moisture in soil, 142
Graphite, 357 308act, 310–313inv Mantle, 382 Monocultures, 140
Grassland, Science log, science log, 307 Manufactured structures, pests, 163
133 International System of 271, 275act, 276–277inv Science log, 140
Gravitational force, 300 Units, 298 Marble, 366, 367 Moraines, 376
Gravity, 304, 377 Introduced species, Margin of safety, 285 Morphine, 98
erosion, 375–376 62, 63, 167 Marshall, Greg, 15 Mould, 420
Great auk, 64 Intrusive rocks, 361 Mass, 298 Mountains, 412–416
Great Pyramid, 273 Investigations, xix–xx force, 298–304 age of, 414
Greenhouse, 137 Irrigate, 140 Mass structures, 272, 273 complex, 414
growing conditions, Irrigation, 148 Materials, 286 distribution, 412–413
138–139inv choosing, 288 fault block, 413
Greenhouse effect, 246inv Joints, 290 cost, 288 formation, 412–413
Greenhouse gases, Joule, James, 205 energy efficiency, 289 making, 412act
245, 246inv Joules (J), 205 environment, 289 plate tectonics, 412
Grizzly bear, 64 failure of, 315 subduction zone, 414
Ground water, 51 Keen, Dr. Charlotte, 434 properties of, 289act theory of building,
Gypsum, 355 Kelvin scale, 195 strength, 287act 415inv
Gyroscopes, 340 Kelvin, Lord, 195 Matter, 210 thrust fault, 413
Keratin, 279 McColman, Alan, 342 Mutualism, 14
Habitat, 8, 9act, 10–11 Kilogram, 298, 303 Mealworm and ecosystem,
loss of, 64 Knit materials, 287 39inv Natural gas, 428
plants, 104, 112inv Mechanical energy, Natural resources, 18
Hadrian’s Wall, 272 Laminations, 286 232, 240 Natural structures, 270
Half-life, 424 Larch, 145 Mechanical weathering, Needs, 22, 23
Halite, 355 Latent heat, 225 373 Newton (N), 299, 303
Heartwood, 108 Laurasia, 425 Media monitor, 148act Newton, Isaac, 300
Heat, 193act, 205, 233 Lava, 361, 406 agriculture, 148act Niches, 40, 41inv
energy, 188–191 Lavoisier, Antoine, 204 forestry, 148act Science log, 40
technology, 191act Law of Conservation of Medicine from plants, 98 Non-renewable resources,
Heat capacity, 218 Energy, 207 Melt, 220 245
rocks, 370inv Layering, 118 Melting, 292 Non-target organisms,
temperature, 219inv Leaching, 372 Melting point, 221 170
Heat insulators, 229 Leaning Tower of Pisa, Mercury, 53 Normal fault, 403, 429
Heat radiation, 226 306 Mesosaurus, 383 Nuclear energy, 233
Hemp, 95 Leaves, 110 Mesozoic Era, 425
Herbal remedies, 99act guard cells, 111 Metal fatigue, 318act
Oats, 134
Herbicides, 168 stomata, 110 Metamorphic rock,
Obsidian, 361
Herbivores, 40, 42 Legumes, 135 366, 367
Ocean floor, 388act
Hole, Lois, 137 Lever, 315 Meteorites, 369
Oil, 428
Horizons, 150 Li, Dr. Thomas, 116 Methanol, 101
Oil reservoir, 428
Host, 14 Limestone, 365, 367 Mica, 357
Omnivores, 40
Humus, 150, 371 weathering, 374 Microwaves, 226
Organic, 172
Hydroponics, 160 Liquefaction, 405 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 388,
pest control, 173act
modelling, 161inv Liquids 389, 393
Organisms
contraction, Mid-ocean ridge, 389act
Mineral identification, ecosystem, 40
Icons, xxv 215, 216act environment, 12inv
Igneous rocks, 361 expansion, 215, 216act 356
Minerals, 354, genetically modified,
Index fossil, 423 Live load, 306 117
Indicator species, 69 Loads, 270 358–359inv, 360act
cleavage, 357 interaction of, 38–48
Infrared radiation, forces, 305–14
colour, 356 Original remains, 419
201, 226 science log, 270
fracture, 357 Osmosis, 107
thermogram, 200–201 stresses, 305–314
identification, 356 roots, 107
Inquiry investigations, xx Lodgepole pine, 144
lustre, 356 Ovary, 122
Insecticides, 168 Lustre, 356 Ovules, 120
Insects, 164 Lystrosaurus, 383 streak, 357
Insulation, 250–251inv Mobile joints, 290
thermal energy, 235act Mohs hardness scale, 355, P waves, 398, 399
Mackie, J. Cameron, 324 Pain medication, 98
Insulators, 229 Magma, 361 358–359inv
Interlocking shapes, 291 Mohs, Friedrich, 355 Paleozoic Era, 425
Magnetometers, 388

500 MHR • Index

Pangaea, 385, 386inv, 425 structure, 104act Red giant, 217 Sandstone, 364, 365
Paper Olympics, 325inv transportation, 100 Reduce, reuse, and Scales, 194
Parasite, 14 water, 111 recycle, 33, 82–83 Celsius, 194
Parasitism, 14 Plasma, 214 Science log, 35 Kelvin, 195
Parent material, 150 Plate tectonics, 390, Reef, 429 temperature, 194
Parent rock, 366 402inv Reforestation, 147 Scat, 44act
Particle model of matter, convection current, Refrigerants, 252 Scavengers, 44
202act, 202–208, 203 392–393 Relative dating, 423 Schist, 366
change of state, 218 modelling, 391inv Renewable resources, 245 Science log
temperature, 202–208, mountain formation, Reproduction chlorophyll, 110
203act, 204 412 asexual, of plants, 118 dinosaur, 418
thermal energy, subduction zone, 393 plant, 115–130 ecological footprint,
202–208 Plateau problem, sexual, of plants, 118 31
Particle motion, 222–223inv vegetative, 118 ecology, 7
science log, 208 Plates, 390 Residue, 170 ecosystems, 13, 16, 40
Passive solar heating, Pollination, 120, 124 Resistant, 171 endangered species, 67
241, 242inv artificial, 124 Resistant species, 171 energy, 208
Patry, Mario, 258–259 Pollutants, 52 Respiration, 111 energy conservation,
PCBs, 53 Pollution, 52 Responder, 199 245
Penn, Briony, 70 bioaccumulation, 54 Responding variable, 363 energy transfer systems,
Peregrine falcons, 24 chemicals, 170 Reverse Bungee, 344–345
233
Periods, 425 DDT, 53 Reverse fault, 403
external forces, 307
Permanent plots, 74 environment, 52 Richter scale, 396
Pesticides and safety, Right whale, 64 forces, 270, 307
mercury, 53 grassland, 133
171act Rigid joints, 290
movement of, 53 internal forces, 307
Pests, 163–174 Ring of Fire, 410
PCBS, 53 load, 270
biological control, 173 Rock cycle, 368
Polychlorinated biphenyl. monoculture, 140
controlling, 168–169 Rocks, 354, 361–370
See PCB niches, 40
defining, 164act acid rain, 375inv
Potatoes, 135 particle motion, 208
monocultures, 163 Pounds, 303 cementation, 365
Petals, 122 classifying, 369act plants, 92
Precambrian, 425 reduce, reuse, and
Petrified, 418 Precipitation, 51 compaction, 364
Petroleum, 428 cycle, 361 recycle, 35
Predators, 40
pH, 52act extrusive, 361 sampling, 78
Prey, 40
pH (scale), 52 Primary standard, 298 heat capacity, 370inv soil, 372
Phloem, 108 Primary succession, 57 identification, 369 soil conservation
Photosynthesis, 110 Primary waves, 398, 399, igneous, 361 council, 159
Phytoplankton, 49 400–401inv intrusive, 361 solar home, 243
Pilings, 337 Principle of superposition, metamorphic, 366 structures, 270
Piping plover, 64 423 parent, 366 sustainability, 174
Pistil, 122 Problem solving sedimentary, 364 symbiotic relationship,
Plankton, 49 investigations, xix 16
stratification, 364
Plants. See also Leaves; Producers, 40 temperature, 208
Rodinia, 425
Roots; Stems Properties, 286 threatened species, 67
Root crops, 106
construction, 100 Pure substances, 210 Root hairs, 105 weathering, 374
environment, 92 Purple loosestrife, 63 Roots, 105, 106act Scientific literacy, xiv
fibre, 113inv Pyke, Geoffrey, 273 diffusion, 107 Scotch broom, 63
food, 92, 113inv Pyramid of numbers, 43 osmosis, 107 Sea mink, 64
fuel, 101 Pyrite, 354, 356, 357 Rotation, 340 Sea otter, 64
growing, 130act Pyrometric cones, 206 Rubber, 100 Sea-floor spreading,
growing conditions, Running bond, 272 388, 389act
102inv Quartz, 354, 357 Secondary succession, 57
habitat, 104, 112inv Quinine, 98 S waves, 398, 399 Secondary waves, 398,
medicine, 98 Safety, xxvi-xxix 399, 400–401inv
plants, 112inv Radiant energy, 226, cost of, 285 Sediment, 364, 371
reproduction, 115–130 227act, 228inv design, 285 liquefaction, 405
Science log, 92 Radiation, 226 pesticides, 171act strata, 423
sexual reproduction, Radio waves, 226 thermal energy, 255act Sedimentary rock, 364
120 Radiocarbon dating, 424 Salinization, 156 Sedimentation, 373
Radiometric dating, 424

Index • MHR 501

Seed Soil Conservation plant, 104act Theory of plate tectonics,
dispersal mechanism, Council, Science log, safety, 285 390, 393
127–128 159 Science log, 270 Thermal conduction, 229
fruit, 125 Soil profile, 372 shell, 278–279 Thermal energy, 205,
germination, 128 Soil testing, 338–339inv stable, 329, 330–340 226, 240, 242act
harvesting, 128 Solar collectors, 243 strengthening, 324 by-products, 256
inside, 125act Solar energy, 241 traditional, 294–295inv changes of state, 220
spreading, 128 Solar home, Science log, types of, 270–281 dangers of, 254
Seismic waves, 396 243 unbalanced, 333 efficiency, 236
Seismograph, 396, 398 Soldering, 292 Style, 122 fluids, 230
making, 397act Solidification, 220 Subduction zone, 393 insulation, 235act
Selective breeding, 115 Solids mountains, 414 particle model of
apples, 116act contraction, 211 volcanoes, 406, 410 matter, 202–208
Sensor, 199 expansion, 211, Sublimation, 220 safety, 255act
Sepals, 122 212–213inv Succession, 56, 58–59inv sources of, 238–247
Sexual reproduction, 118 Solvent-based glues, 292 ecosystems, 56–67 temperature, 206, 220
plants, 120 Sonar, 387 primary, 57 Thermal pollution, 247
Shadow zone, earthquake, Sound, speed of, 435 secondary, 57 Thermocouple, 199
398 Species in danger, 64 Sulfur, 354 Thermogram, infrared,
Shale, 364, 366, 367 Specific heat capacity, Summer fallow, 168 200–201
Shear, 315 218, 219inv Super stirrer, 229 Thermographs, 200
Shear forces, 307, 324 Speed of sound, 435 Surface waves, 398, 399 Thermometers, 193
Shear strength, 307, 314 Spin stabilization, 340 Survival, 9act assembling, 197inv
Shell structures, 278, 279 Spring scale, 300, 301 Sustainability, 29, 132, calibrating, 197inv
Shelterbelts, 159 Stable, 329 174 design of, 199
Signal, 199 Stamen, 122 Science log, 174 making a, 196–197inv
Silage, 135 Stems, 108 Swift foxes, 25, 66inv recording, 200
Silk, 94 food storage, 109 Symbiosis, 14 sensor, 199
Silver, Spence, 292 types of, 109 Symbiotic relationship, Thermosetting glues, 292
Slate, 366, 367 Stigma, 122 15, 17act Thermostats, 199
Sober, Linda, 28 Stomata on leaves, 110 science log, 16 programmable, 252
Soil, 152–154inv, 371 Strata, 423 Syncline, 413 Think and link
actinomycetes, 151 age, 423act
investigations, xx
bacteria, 151 relative dating, 423act Tamarack, 145 Thomson, William, 195
climate, 150, 371 sediment, 423 Taproot, 105 Threatened species,
development of, 150 Stratification, 364 Technology science log, 67
earthworms, 151 Strauss, Levi, 95 geology, 387 Thrust fault, 429
ecosystems, 149 Streak, 357 Thrust faulting, 413
heat, 191act
erosion, 147, 157–158 Strength of materials, Ties, 291
Temperature,
fertile, 371 287act Time
193act, 224act
forests, 162 Stresses, 317 geologic, 423–427,
absolute zero, 195
formation of, 371 forces, 305–314 427act
boiling point, 195
fungi, 151 loads, 305–314 radiocarbon dating,
changes of state, 220
Striations, 376
horizons, 150 freezing point, 195 424
Strike-slip fault, 403
humus, 371 heat capacity, 219inv radiometric age dating,
Structures, 270
leaching, 372 measuring, 192–201 424
aesthetics, 284
liquefaction, 405 particle model of Topaz, 355
classifying, 270
moisture, 142 matter, 202–208, Topsoil, 150, 372
combination, 280 Torsion, 316
nutrients, 371 203act, 204
describing, 282–295 Torsion forces, 307
profiles, 372 scales, 194
failure of, 315–319 Torsion strength,
salty, 156 science log, 208
force, 302–303inv 307, 314
saving, 158 thermal energy,
foundation, 336–337 Trace fossils, 419
science log, 372 206, 220
frame, 274–275 Transform fault, 403
sustaining, 149–162 weather, 192
function, 283 Transpiration, 51, 111
topsoil, 372 Tenning, Bernadette,
joints, 290–292 Transportation and plants,
vegetation, 150 80–81
layered, 272–273 100
water, 150, 371 Tensile strength, 307, 314
mass, 272–273 Trees, harvesting, 146
Tension forces, 307
materials, 286–287 Trilobites, 384, 418

502 MHR • Index

Tsunami, 226, 405 Wants, 22, 23 Weeds, 164
Unifying theory, 393 Waste heat, 233 Wegener, Alfred, 383,
Waste management, 36act 384, 385
Vegetables, 92 Waste management Weight, 299, 300,
crops, 136act consultants, 35 302–303inv
Vegetation and soil, 150 Waste reduction, 33, Welding, 292
Vegetative reproduction, 34inv, 35, 36act Welsh, Bruce, 208
118 Water Western blue flag, 66inv
cuttings, 119inv boiling point, 195 Wetlands, ecosystem,
grafting, 118 erosion, 375–376, 378 26–27inv
layering, 118 freezing point, 195 Wheat, 134
Vents, 406 plants, 111 White birch, 145
Vessey, Dr. Kevin, 48 soil, 150, 371 White spruce, 144
Volcanoes, 406–411 weathering, 371 Whooping crane, 64
dormant, 406 Water cycle, 51 Wilson, J. Tuzo, 390
extraterrestrial, 411 Waves Wind, 377
famous, 407 earthquakes, 396–398 erosion, 375–376
primary, 398 Wind energy, 243
Krakatau, 406
secondary, 398 Workplace Hazardous
lava, 406
surface, 398 Materials Information
location, 410 Symbols, xxvii, 445
Mount Pinatubo, 410 Weather and temperature,
192 Woven materials, 287
Mount St. Helens, 407 Wulfenite, 355
Mount Vesuvius, 407 Weathering, 373
mythology, 410act biological, 374
chemical, 374, 375inv X-rays, 226
patterns, 408–409inv Xylem, 108
subduction zone, climate, 371
406, 410 dolomite, 374
earthquakes, 374 Y2K bug, 22
vents, 406 Yonge, Dr. Charles, 380
weathering, 374 limestone, 374
Younus, Muhammad,
mechanical, 373
176–177
Science log, 374
volcanoes, 374
Zebra mussels, 63
water, 371
Zero-tillage, 158

Index • MHR 503