Cellular Concepts
Frequency Reuse (I)
Frequency Reuse (II)
Frequency Reuse
How many cells must intervene between two
cells using the same frequency?
D: Minimum distance between centers of cells that use the same band
(co-channels)
R: Radius of a cell
d: distance between adjacent cells (d=3 R)
N: Number of cells in a repetitious pattern (reuse factor)
D/R = √(3N)
or D/d = √N
Frequency Reuse is the core concept of cellular
mobile radio
Users in different geographical areas (in different
cells) may simultaneously use the same frequency
Frequency reuse drastically increases user
capacity and spectrum efficiency
Frequence reuse causes mutual interference (trade
off link quality versus subscriber capacity)
Channel Reuse
The total number of channels are divided into K
groups.
› K is called reuse factor or cluster size.
Each cell is assigned one of the groups.
The same group can be reused by two different
cells provided that they are sufficiently far apart.
Example:
K=7
Frequency Reuse
F7 F2
F7 F2 F6 F1
F1 F3
F6 F1
F1 F3 F5 F4 F7 F2
F5 F4 F7 F2 F6 F1
F1 F3
F6 F1
F1 F3 F5 F4
Re
us
ed
F5 F4
ist
R Cluster
• For hexagonal cells, the reuse distance
is given by
F7 F2
D 3N R
F6 F1
F1 F3
where R is cell radius and N is the
reuse pattern (the cluster size or the
F5 F4 F7 F2 number of cells per cluster).
• Reuse factor is
F6 F1
F1 F3
D
Re
q 3N
u
se
F5 F4
d
R
ist
a nc
eD
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Reuse Distance (Cont’d)
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Reuse Distance (Cont’d)
j=1
j=1 i=2
i=2 j=1
j direction
i=2
60° i=2
i direction j=1
j=1
1 2 3… i i=2 i=2
j=1
(a) Finding the center of an adjacent cluster (b) Formation of a cluster for N = 7
using integers i and j (direction of i and j can with i=2 and j=1
be interchanged).
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Frequency Reuse (III)
Co-Channel Cells
Finding the Nearest Co-Channel
in a new cell
Co-Channel Cells
Cellular Frequency Reuse
Concept
Coordinate System
Use (i,j) to denote a
particular cell.
A
Example:
Cell A is represented
by (2,1).
3K R
where
R
K i ij j
2 2
D
Reuse factor
r
D
L 3r
D 2 ( L i ) 2 ( L j ) 2 2( L i )( L j ) cos(2 / 3)
D 2 L2 i 2 L2 j 2 2 L2 i j (0.5)
D 2 L2 (i 2 j 2 ij ) Compute D based on “law of
cosine”
D / r 3(i 2 j 2 ij ) 3 N
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How frequency Reuse Increases
Capacity
Example:
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Remarks on Reuse Ratio
Cochannel Interference
First tier cochannel
Second tier cochannel Base Station
Base Station
R
D6
D5
D1
D4 Mobile Station
D2
D3
C Carrier C
M
I Interference
Ik k 1
C C
= where is the propagation path loss slope
-g
I M æD ö and = 2~5.
å ç k ÷
è R ø
k =1
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Worst Case of Cochannel Interference
D6
R
D5
D1
D4
Mobile Station
D2
D3
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HAND’S OFF
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