SECTION A For
examiner
Bahagian A
use
[60 marks]
[60 markah]
1. Diagram 1 shows the structure of the plasma membrane that is involved in the
movement of substances.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma yang terlibat dalam pergerakan
bahan-bahan.
.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) Name the parts of the plasma membrane labelled L, M and N in Diagram 1.
Namakan bahagian membran plasma berlabel L, M dan N dalam Rajah 1.
L : ……………………………………………………………………………………
1(a)
M : ……………………………………………………………………………………
N : …………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]
(b) Based on Diagram 1, explain how water and calcium ions are transported across the
plasma membrane into the cell.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1, terangkan bagaimanakah air dan ion kalsium diangkut
merentas membran plasma ke dalam sel.
Water / air:
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
….…………….…………………………………………………………..…………………
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……… 1(b)
….…………….…………………………………………………………..……………
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]
(c) Explain the effects of high blood sugar level on the red blood cells of a person with
diabetes mellitus.
Terangkan kesan aras gula darah yang tinggi ke atas sel darah merah orang yang
mengidap kencing manis
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
….…………….…………………………………………………………..…………………
1(c)
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]
(d) Explain what happens to a marine fish if it will enter into the fresh water.
Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada ikan laut jika ia akan masuk ke dalam air
tawar.
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
1(d)
….…………….…………………………………………………………..…………………
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]
TOTAL
4551/2@ 2016 SULIT
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M: Trachea / Trakea
N: Bronchus / Bronkus
O: Alveolus / Alveolus
P
Q
P:...................................................................................................................................
2(a)
Q:...................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(b) Explain the adaptation of the human respiratory system for maximum respiration.
Terangkan adaptasi ke atas sistem respirasi manusia untuk respirasi yang
maksimum.
.....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2(b)
....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[4 marks / 4 markah]
(c) Explain how the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood.
SULIT 4551/2
.......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. …
.....................................................................................................................................
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(d) Diagram 2(b) shows respiratory centre in human brain.
Rajah 2(b) menunjukkan pusat respirasi di otak manusia.
Heart / Jantung
Explain the regulatory mechanism when partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases
......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
TOTAL
Lipid globul
Globul lipid
Starch granule
Granul kanji
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
X : …………………………………………………………………………………… 3(a)
3(a)
Y : ……………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks/2 markah]
…..……………………………………………………………………………..………
….…………….…………………………………………………………..……………
….…………….…………………………………………………………..……………
[2 marks/2 markah]
…..……………………………………………………………………………..………
….…………….…………………………………………………………..…………… 3(b)(ii)
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……
[2 marks/2 markah]
(c) Complete the following table to show the differences between the stages of light
reaction and dark reaction .
Lengkapkan jadual berikut untuk menunjukkan perbezaan antara peringkat tindak
balas cahaya dan tindak balas gelap.
3(c)
[4 marks/4 markah]
…..……………………………………………………………………………..……………
….…………….…………………………………………………………..………………… 3(d)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks/2 markah)
TOTAL
Zygote
Zigot
X
Process P
Proses P Q
Foetus
Amniotic fluid
Cecair amniotik
Umbilical cord
Tali pusat
Uterine wall
Foetus Dinding uterus
Fetus
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a) (i) What is X?
Apakah X? 4(a)(i)
…………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]
(ii) Four days after fertilization, zygote develop into X. Explain the development
of zygote into X.
Empat hari selepas persenyawaan, zigot berkembang kepada X. Terangkan
perkembangan zigot kepada X.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4(a)(ii)
………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
(b) Seven days after fertilization, X enter into uterine wall through Precess P . What is For
examiner
Process P?
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Tujuh hari selepas persenyawaan, X memasuki dinding uterus melalui Proses P. use
Apakah Proses P ?
4(b)
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / 1 markah ]
(c) In the 16th week, a pregnant mother is infected with a disease. The infection cuases
structure Q to stop functioning. The mother miscarriage. Explain this statement.
Pada minggu ke-16, seorang ibu hamil dijangkiti penyakit. Jangkitan itu
menyebabkan struktur Q berhenti berfungsi. Ibu hamil itu mengalami keguguran.
Jelaskan pernyataan ini.
…..…………………………………………………………………………………
4(c)
…..…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark / 1 markah ]
(ii) Explain how twins Q are formed.
Terangkan bagaimana kembar Q terbentuk.
………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark / 1 markah ]
Diagram 4.3
Rajah 4.3
1. ……………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………………………… 4(e)(i)
………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
(ii) Twins R are brought up by two different adopted families. The twins do not
have the same body size when they are adult. Explain why.
Kembar R dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga angkat yang berbeza. Kembar itu
tidak serupa saiz badan apabila dewasa. Terangkan mengapa.
…..
……………………………………………………………………………… 4(e)(ii)
…..………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
TOTAL
5.. Syamil has blood group A while his wife, Aisyah, has blood group B. Allele I A and For
examiner
IB are dominant allele while allele IO is the recessive allele. Diagram 5 shows the use
Gamete
Gamet
Offspring’s genotype
Genotip anak ……… ……… .……. ………
Diagram 5 / Rajah 5
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
(b) Based on Diagram 5, explain which offspring can become a universal donor and For
which one is the universal recipient examiner
Berdasarkan Rajah 5, terangkan anak yang manakah menjadi penderma universal use
dan penerima universal
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………...
5(b)
………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 4 marks / 4 markah ]
(c)
A man with Rhesus factor in his blood is Rh-positive. His wife who does not
have Rhesus factor inher blood is Rh-negative. Their first child who is Rh-
positive survives but their second child who is also Rh-positive does not
survive.
Seorang lelaki yang mempunyai faktor Rhesus dalam darahnya ialah Rh-
positif. Isterinya yang tidak mempunyai faktor Rhesus dalam darahnya ialah
Rh-negatif. Anak pertama mereka yang Rh-positif dapat hidup tetapi anak
kedua mereka yang juga Rh-positif tidak dapat hidup.
………………………………………………………………………………… 5(c)(i)
…………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
(ii) Suggest prevention of the problem above if they want third child survive.
Cadangkan pencegahan masalah di atas jika mereka ingin anak ketiga hidup.
………………………………………………………………………………… 5(c)(ii)
…………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
TOTAL
4551/2@ 2016 SULIT
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Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]
Day Night
Siang Malam
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
[6 marks/ 6 markah]
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
Describe the pathway of water from soil to the leaves and the environment.
Terangkan laluan pengangkutan air dari tanah ke daun dan persekitaran
[6 marks/ 6 markah]
(c) Diagram 6.3 shows a part of the blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system
in human body.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan sau bahagian sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa
dalam badan manusia.
Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3
Explain the formation of interstitial fluid and how it is return back to the blood
circulation
Terangkan pembentukan bendalir interstis dan bagaimana ia kembali ke dalam
peredaran darah.
[8 marks/ 8 markah]
Sun
Matahari
Box
Kota
k
Hole
Lubang
Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
Explain the role of auxin in the growth of the plant shoot as in Diagram 7.1.
Terangkan peranan auksin dalam pertumbuhan pucuk tumbuhan seperti pada
Rajah 7.1.
[4 marks/4 markah]
(ii) State two commercial values of auxin in agriculture.
Nyatakan dua nilai komersil auksin dalam pertanian.
[2 marks/2markah]
(b) Endocrine system involve endocrine gland that secretes hormones to carry out
regulation process. Hormonal imbalance can lead to certain diseases.
Sistem Endokrin melibatkan kelenjar endokrin yang merembeskan hormon untuk
menjalankan proses pengawalaturan. Ketidakseimbangan hormon boleh
menyebabkan beberapa penyakit tertentu
(i) Explain the effect of under secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released
by pituitary gland.
Terangkan kesan kekurangan rembesan hormon antidiuretik (ADH) oleh
kelenjar pituitari.
[3 marks/3 markah]
(ii) Explain the cause of diabetes mellitus in an individual.
Terangkan punca seseorang individu itu boleh mendapat penyakit diabetes
melitus.
[3 marks/3 markah]
(c) Diagram 7.2 (a) and 7.2(b) shows growth curves of two different organisms.
Rajah 7.2(a) dan 7.2 (b) menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan bagi dua organisma
yang berbeza.
(i) Name one organism that has a growth curve shown in Diagram 7.2(a) and
7.2(b).
(ii) State two differences between growth curve in Diagram 7.2(a) and 7.2(b).
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara lengkung pertumbuhan dalam Rajah 7.2(a)
dan 7.2 (b).
[2 marks/2 markah]
8. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a cloth that has been stained with curry.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu pakaian yang dicemari dengan kuah kari.
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
Explain how to increase the effectiveness of bio-enzymes in washing detergents.
Terangkan bagaimana untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan bio-enzim di dalam
detergen pencuci.
[10 marks/ 10 markah]
Explain the impact of Diagram 8.2 imbalance diet in the food pyramid.
Terangkan kesan Rajah 8.2 daripada diet yang tidak seimbang
di dalam piramid makanan.
Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1
(i) Explain the importance of mangrove swamp in the field of:
Terangkan kepentingan paya bakau dalam bidang
● Economy / Ekonomi
● Ecology / Ekologi
[ 4 marks / 4 markah ]
(ii) Based on Diagram 9.1, state the problems and explain the adaptive of the
mangrove trees found in Zone 1, 2 and 3.
Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1, nyatakan masalah dan terangkan struktur tumbuhan paya
bakau dalam Zon 1, 2 dan 3.
[ 6 marks / 6 markah ]
Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2
(i) Discuss the good and bad effects in the formation of a layer of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere.
Bincangkan kesan baik dan kesan buruk pembentukan satu lapisan gas-gas
rumah hijau di atmosfera.
[ 5 marks / 5 markah ]
(ii) If you are an environmental activist, suggest how would you explain to
society about the measures needed to overcome the phenomenon.
Jika anda adalah seorang aktivis alam sekitar, cadangkan bagaimana anda
akan menerangkan kepada orang ramai tentang langkah-langkah yang
diperlukan untuk mengatasi fenomena ini.
[ 5 marks / 5 markah ]