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Answer all questions.

Jawab semua soalan.

1 Osmoregulation is the process of regulating water content and salt in the body. The
water and salt content in the blood determines the osmotic pressure in the blood. The
osmotic pressure is high when there is an excess of salts and less water in the blood.
Conversely, the osmotic pressure is low when the blood has more water and less
amount of salts.
A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of volume of drinking
water on the volume of urine produced.
Pengosmokawalaturan ialah proses mengawal atur kandungan air dan garam dalam badan.
Kandungan air dan garam dalam darah menentukan tekanan osmosis darah. Apabila
kandungan garam tinggi dan isipadu air rendah dalam darah, maka tekanan osmosis darah
adalah tinggi. Sebaliknya apabila darah lebih banyak mengandungi air dan kurang garam,
maka tekanan osmosis darah adalah rendah.
Sekumpulan murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pengambilan minuman
yang berlainan isipadu terhadap penghasilan air kencing.

The following steps were carried out:

Langkah-langkah berikut telah dijalankan:

Step 1 : Get 2 sets of four students A1,A2, B1,B2, C1,C2 and D1,D2 to empty
their bladders.
Langkah 1 : Dapatkan 2 set dengan empat orang murid A, B, C, dan D untuk mengosongkan
pundi kencing mereka.

Step 2 : Give every student drinking water as in the Table 1 below.

Langkah 2 : Berikan murid-murid air minuman seperti dalam Jadual 1 di bawah.

Student Volume of Drinking water (ml)

Murid Isipadu Air minuman (ml)
A1 A2 200
B1 B2 300
C1 C2 400
D1 D2 500

Table 1/ Jadual 1

Step 3 : Ask the students to empty their bladders after an hour and collect their
urine in paper cups before pouring into measuring cylinders.
Langkah 3: Minta kesemua murid kosongkan pundi kencing mereka selepas satu jam dan
kumpulkan air kencing mereka di dalam cawan kertas sebelum dituang ke dalam
silinder penyukat.

Step 4 : Measure and record the volume of urine produced by each student.
Langkah 4: Sukat dan rekodkan isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan oleh setiap murid.

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Diagram 1 shows the apparatus used to collect the urine produced when the students
drink different volume of drinking water.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan radas-radas yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan air kencing yang
dihasilkan apabila mereka meminum isipadu air minuman yang berbeza.

Table 2 shows the result of this experiment.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Volume of urine produced (ml)

Volume of drinking water
Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan (ml)
Isipadu air minuman (ml)
Student 1 / murid 1 Student 2 / murid 2

200

B
300

C
400

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D
500

Jadual 2
(a) Record the volume of urine produced in the boxes provided in Table 2.
Rekodkan isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan dalam petak yang disediakan dalam Jadual 2.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(b) (i) Based on Table 2, state two different observations.

Berdasarkan Jadual 2, nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza.

Observation 1:
Pemerhatian 1:

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Observation 2:
Pemerhatian 2:

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii) State the inferences which correspond to the observation in 1 (b)(i).

Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(b)(i).

Inference from observation 1:

Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Inference from observation 2:

Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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(c) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 3 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable Method to handle the variable

Pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
Cara mengendali pembolehubah
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
...........................................................................

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas ..........................................................................
..........................................................................
........................................................
..........................................................................
........................................................
..........................................................................
........................................................

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................
..........................................................................

Table 3 /Jadual 3
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected from this experiment.
Your table should have the following titles:
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul daripada eksperimen ini.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

 Volume of drinking water.

Isipadu air minuman.
 Volume of urine produced by student 1 and student 2.
Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan oleh murid1 dan murid 2.
 Average volume of urine produced.
Purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan.

Volume of urine student 1 + volume of urine student 2

Average volume of urine
= 2
produced
Purata isipadu air kencing Isipadu air kencing murid 1 + Isipadu air kencing murid 2
=
yang dihasilkan 2

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page ___ to answer this question.
Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw a bar chart to show the volume of urine produced
by the students after drinking different volume of water.

Guna kertas graf yang disediakan di halaman ____ untuk menjawab soalan ini.
Menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis sebuah carta bar bagi isipadu air kencing yang
dihasilkan oleh murid selepas meminum isipadu berbeza air minuman.

[kertas graf]
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
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(f) Based on the bar chart in 1(e)(ii), state the relationship between the volume of urine
produced and the volume of drinking water.
Explain your answers.
Berdasarkan carta bar di 1(e)(ii), nyatakan hubungan antara isipadu air kencing yang terhasil
dengan isipadu air minuman.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(g) Two different students are asked to drink 500ml drinking water and then run five times
around the field. Predict the volume of urine collected.
Explain your prediction.
Dua orang murid lain diarahkan minum 500ml air minuman dan kemudian melakukan larian
lima kali pusingan padang. Ramalkan isipadu air kencing yang terkumpul.
Terangkan ramalan anda.
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(h) Based on the result of the experiment, state the operational definition for
osmoregulation.
Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi
osmokawalaturan.

......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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(i) The following lists are the variables used in this experiment to study the effect of
volume of drinking water on the volume of urine produced.
Classify the following variables into three types of variables in Table 4
Senarai berikut ialah pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini
untuk mengkaji kesan isipadu air minuman terhadap isipadu air kencing yang terhasil.
Kelaskan pembolehubah berikut kepada tiga jenis pemboleh ubah dalam Jadual 4.

Urine Drinking water Time

Air kencing Air minuman Masa

Stop watch Measuring cup Measuring cylinder

Jam randik Cawan penyukat Silinder penyukat

Constant variable Manipulated variable Responding variable

Pemboleh ubah Pemboleh ubah Pemboleh ubah bergerak
dimalarkan dimanipulasikan balas
Material
bahan
Apparatus
alat

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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2 Pepsin is secreted in the stomach. When the stomach is full, the pH of the stomach
content can rise to as high as 3.5. Since pepsin works best at pH 2, the activity of
pepsin decreases. Hence, we should not eat too much food at one time.

Pepsin dirembeskan ke dalam perut. Apabila kenyang, pH kandungan perut boleh meningkat
sehingga 3.5. Oleh sebab pepsin berfungsi ddengan baik dalam pH 2, aktiviti pepsin
berkurang. Jadi kita tidak patut makan terlampau banyak sekali gus.

Based on the above information, plan an experiment in the laboratory to investigate the
effect of pH on the rate of enzyme reaction.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, rancang satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengkaji kesan
pH terhadap kadar tindak balas enzim.

Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

 Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah
 Hypothesis
Hipotesis
 Variables
Pemboleh ubah
 List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
 Procedure of the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
 Presentation of data
Persembahan data
[17 marks]
[17 markah]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT