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Author: S.K.KIRAR
OVERVIEW: Radio frequency identification has been in use since very long time
You must have seen on discovery channel that the people used to connect a tag to animal
and then they used to monitor their location so that they can study their behaviour. With the
advancement of technology same rfid’ s are becoming popular, modern rfid consists of a
transmitter and a receiver. Transmitter dose not require any power supply it receives it,s
power solely from it,s antenna coil attached to it.at I avery small antenna coil and has a very
low transmitting range. Transmitter range is within the range of few mm.receiver will have a
display device normally a lcd and a data port from where data can be sent to pc. Advanced
receivers have Real time clock with enough memory to store the data and later on the data
can be transmitted to pc when it’ s memory is full.
Most of the commercial available rfid tags and receiver are costly and is not possible by
students to develop such devices , even components required are not easily available.
I have designed a rfid device on the similar principals. My transmitter and receiver both are
based on intel’ s popular controller 8051 family of controller. I have used at89c2051
microcontroller. For your knowledge sake I am adding some portion from the atmel’ s one of
the rfid eprom which is used in commercial rfid products.
Application area:
1 Bus route application.
2 Attendence register
3 Inventry application
4 Security application
5 Rfid can be given to any living or non living thing which need accountabilitry.
At
89c2051 433mhz tx
Power 9vdc
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433MHZ RX MODULE
RS232
POWER 5VDC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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Circuit explanation:
Transmitter: ic1 is 79L05 5volt regulator .9v d type battery is a source of power
supply. Regulated 5v dc power drives ic2 micro controller.capacitor c1 and r1 gives
the required reset pulse to microcontroller.
Capacitor c2 and c4 along with crystal oscillator x1 gives the required clock to the
microcontroller.
433mhx rf transmitter module receives the data from the pin number 3 of the
microcontroller serially and transmit it through antenna. This module is switched on
every 5 seconds for transmission of data by transister q1.in order to save power.q1
is driven by pin number 7 of the microcontroller through r2. microcontroller is
programmed with the id to be transmitted. And uses it,s serial port to transmit data
serially.
16character two line lcd is usd for display purpose. Data is sent in nibble mode on
line db4 to db7 at one end and p1.2,p1.3,p1.4,p1.5 pins at microcontroller.p1.6 is
connected to enable pin of the lcd.
P1.7 is used to latch the data from microcontroller, to lcd data buffer.
433mhz rx receiver module receives the data and converts this data into serial bit
format. This serial data is output from output pin of the rx module and connected to
pin number 2 ,p3.0 of the microcontroller this pin is rx pin of the serialport of the
microcontroller. Microcontroller serial port receives the data at 300bits per second.
The received data is displayed on the lcd .this data is also transmitted to pc for
logging purpose.through pin number 3 tx pin of the microcontroller serial port.
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Component layout
Construction: Solder all the parts provided in the kit properly. First connect the jumper
wires(links) before you solder the ic sockets. Donot solder ics directly on the circuit board , it
may damage the ic since you my not be experianced soldering person. So solder the ic
sockets first on the circuit board. Solder smaller components first like resistance and disk
capacitors, assemble the complete kit one by one. Please make sure that there are no short
circuits left on to the circuit board. Connect the main supply wire with 230v ac pins at one
end ,to the 9v transformer towards primary side to the other open end. . Primary side will
have high resistance when checked with multimeter. Connect 2pin plug to the secondary side
of the transformer(low resistance side) Plug the wire to main and check the ac voltage at the
plug connected to the secondary of the transformer. It should be 9v ac. Now connect the plug
to the socket connected on to the circuit board. Check the voltage at the output of the
regulator. It should be perfactly 5v dc. Check the voltage at the power supply pins of all the
sockets mounted on circuit board it should be 5v dc. c. Now if all the voltages are ok then
place all the ics in their sockets ,
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PCB LAYOUT
Operation: Connect 9v battery to the transmitter module you will find that data arrives on
the lcd as well as it is sent to pc we can see this data appearing on pc through hyperterminal.
. we donot provide any pc software for this project we have tested it on hyperterminal .
Hyperterminal is the part of window operating system and is available with all the operating
system. How to connect to hyper terminal is given below
Follow these steps to connect to your pc
START->PROGRAMS->ACCESSORIES-> COMMUNICTION->HYPERTERMINAL-
HYPERTERMINAL.EXE –ENTER configure the hyper terminal to 300 boud rate and you
will find the data appears on the window.
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TRANSMIT ID
DELAY 5 SEC
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START
GO TO RECEIVE
DATA
N
IS NEW
DATA
ARRIVED
Y
SEND DATA TO LCD
SEND DATA TO PC
Rfidtx.hex
:1000000001430000000000000000000000000000AC
:100010000000000000000000000000C0E0758DE856
:10002000758BE8E533700DD2A6D532148534328550
:100030003533800CC2A6E5336006D53303853432F0
:10004000D0E03275A0007535087533087532087533
:100050003408758920758DE8758BE8D2ABD2AF3046
::1000F000340535853432853533D28E016775340148
:10010000D28E01672087FDD2A0D2A4D2A1D2A5C2EF
:100110008E01439007D07530C8000000D530FA1525
:1001200082E582B4FF021583458370EA2200000055
:00000001FF
rfidrx.hex
:1000000001430000000000000000000000000000AC
:100010000000000000000000000000C0E0758DE856
:10002000758BE8E533700DD2A6D532148534328550
:100030003533800CC2A6E5336006D53303853432F0
:10004000D0E03275A0007535087533087532087533
:100050003408758920758DE8758BE8D2ABD2AF3046
:1000600087FD2087FDD28E20801820841F20823AB1
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:1000700020854120835120816B20870280E9310453
:1000800080E5C2A0C2A4C2A1D2A580DBC2A1C2A544
:10009000C2A0D2A480D1C2A1C2A5D2A0C2A480C74E
:1000A000C2A0C2A4D2A1C2A580BDC2A1C2A0D2A535
:1000B000D2A480B3D2A1D2A0C2A5C2A480A9C2A159
:1000C000C2A5C2A0C2A4222083FDC28EE534640F63
:1000D000600E05341535853432853533D28E01678F
:1000E000D28E01672081E0C28EE535640F600E1567
:1000F000340535853432853533D28E016775340148
:10010000D28E01672087FDD2A0D2A4D2A1D2A5C2EF
:100110008E01439007D07530C8000000D530FA1525
:1001200082E582B4FF021583458370EA2200000055
:00000001FF
1. Introduction:
This is the radio frequency receiver module, which can facilitate the OEM designers
to design their remote control applications in remote control in the quickest way. The
circuit is designed with SMD components and the module size is small enough to be
able to be fitted in almost any application. Super-regenerative Version W/O Decoder
(AM): RX-3304
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Pin Definition:
PIN 1: GND
PIN 2: Digital Output
PIN 3: Linear Output (For Testing)
PIN 4: VCC (5V DC)
PIN 5: VCC (5V DC)
PIN 6: GND
PIN 7: GND
PIN 8: ANT
Dimension of RX-3304: 44 mm X 11 mm
w Specification Table:
Model SR POWER Data SENSITIV POWER Modulat Band
mode ITY CONSUMPTI ion Width
Rate
ON
(bps) dBm
(mA)
RX- SR +5V DC 300~5K - 100 2.70 AM 12MHZ
3304
Notes:
happens using power noise simulator before starting the mass production. Note
that
transmitter codes are normally stored in the non-volatile EEPROM memory. If
power loss
happens, then this means that the transmitter codes are lost from the memory
and the user has to relearn the transmitter again. This is the key checkpoint before
approving a design.
Check with our Sales People for your requirements of Fixed Code Encoder /
Decoders or Rolling Code Encoder / Decoders or Software Decoders and Low Cost
Wireless Development kits and Antenna. We can supply these to you.
3. APPLICATIONS:
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This RF receiver is sensitive to RF noise in the pass band because the desired
transmitter signals are at very low power levels. Some common noise sources are
microprocessors, brush-type motors and high-speed logic circuits. If the rise time and
fall time of the clock in a microprocessor are fast enough to produce harmonics in the
frequency range of the receiver input and the harmonics fall within the pass band of
the receiver, then special care must be taken to reduce the level of the harmonic at the
antenna port of the receiver.
A. Microprocessor choice:
Choose those microprocessors which has lowest rise time and lowest fall time, if
available.
B. Brush-type motor choice:
Choose those brush-type motors, which has spark suppression built in or better not to
use such
type of motors.
C. Logic circuits choice:
High-speed logic circuits generate noise similar to microprocessors. Thus better to
choose those
circuits with the lowest rise time and the lowest fall time, if available.
D. Place the receiver and its antenna as far from the noise source as possible.
E. During PCB layout, keep line lengths at a minimum that carry high-speed logic
signals or supply
brush type motors. Such lines work like antennas that radiate the unwanted noise.
F. If possible, enclose the noise source in a grounded metal box and use RF-decoupling
on the
input/output lines.
G. It is advisable to use separate voltage regulator for the RF receiver. If the
same voltage
regulator has to be used for cost purpose, then a decoupler circuit is recommended so
that high
frequency noise can be screened.
H. The ground path from the receiver module should go directly to the power ground,
in between,
no other ground paths can join in, otherwise, noise will be introduced in and receiver
function will be greatly influenced.
5. Recommended Antenna
Suitable antennas are required to the success of low-power wireless application. There
are some key points on applying the antennas:
A, Antenna should be placed on the outside of the product. And try to place the
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B. Antenna can t be placed inside a metal case because of its shielding effect.
C. Antenna design involves expensive test equipments such as vector network analyzer
and calibrated test antenna. Unless you have access to these equipments, the use to
an antenna consultant is recommended.
D. In most indoor locations, dead spots can be found where reception is difficult. These
dead spots are due to multiple transmission paths existing between two points because
of reflections off metal objects such as steel beams or metal doors. They happen when
the path lengths effectively differs by an odd half-wavelength. This explains the
phenomenon when you find that at some locations the reception effect is very poor,
but beyond that the reception becomes normal.
E. 50-Ohm antenna is recommended for the best matching.
F. For 433.92MHz application, antenna length = 17 cm.
WIRELESS TRANSMITTER MODULE TX1-433.92MHZ-S
FEATURES:
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SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER MINIMUM TYPICAL RANGE UNITS
Modulation method ON-OFF KEYED (OOK) Modulation (AM)
Voltage 2.7 3 5.2V DC
Supply Current 5 5.5 mA
Stand by Current 3 micro A
Output power into
-2 0 0 dBm
50ohms
Overall frequency
-250 250 KHz
accuracy
Data input low 0 0.8 Volts
Data input High >0.8 Vcc Volts
Operating temp. range 0 70 Deg. Cel
Operating frequencies 433.67 433.92 434.17 MHZ
Max. Data rate 2400 bps
Antenna External1/4 Wave Whip, Helical or PCB Trace
Package SMD
AT24RF08C
Description
The AT24RF08C functions as a dual access EEPROM, with both a wired serial port
and a wireless RFID port used to access the memory. Access permissions are setfrom the serial
interface side to isolate blocks of memory from improper access. TheRFFID interface can be powered
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solely from the attached coil permitting remote readsand writes of the device when VCC is not
applied.
General Overview
The AT24RF08C is intended to be pin compatible with standard serial EEPROM devices except for
pins 1, 2 and3, which are address pins in the standard part. Other exceptions to the AT24C08 Serial
EEPROM data sheet are noted in the “Serial EEPROM Exceptions” section later in this document.
Connection of an external coil antenna and optional tuning capacitor, normally via a two conductor
wire, is all that is required to complete the RFID hardware requirements. Throughout this document,
the term “reader” is defined as the base station that communicates with the chip. Under all expected
conditions, it actually serves as both a reader and writer. The term ‘tag’ is used to indicate the chip
when operating as an RFID transponder with the coil attached. All bits are sent to or read from the
device, most significant bit first, in a manner consistent with the AT24C08 Serial EEPROM. The b i t f
ields in this document are correspondingly listed with the MSB on the left and the LSBon the right.
in the ID page of the EEPROM, the second of the additional16 byte pages. Writes from the serial port
may include from one to 16 bytes at a time, depending on the protocol followed by the bus master.
Accesses to the EEPROM from the RFID port are on either a word (32 bits) or page (128 bits) basis
only.Completion time for writes initiated from the RFID port are different depending on the situation.
When external power is supplied to the chip through the VCC pin, writes to the EEPROM and tamper
bit take less than 11.8 ms when measured from the last modulation edge before the write to
the first after the write. When powered from the coil pins at 125 KHz, the EEPROM write time will be
5.8 ms and the tamper write time will be 7.9 ms. After manufacturing, all EEPROM bits except in the
device
Device Access
The third device address bit in the two wire protocol that is usually matched to A2 (pin 3) on a
standard AT24C08 serial EEPROM is internally connected high, so device addresses A8 through AF
(hex) are used to access the memory on the chip. The general command encoding used by the serial
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port for EEPROM accesses is shown below in Device Access Examples, where B2-0 is the block
number,P2-0 is the page number within the block and A3-0 is the byte address within the page. Bits
denoted as “x” are ignored bythe device.
The PROT pin is used as a power good signal. When this pin is low, the serial port is held in reset
and all sticky bits are set to one. When high, activity on the serial bus is permitted.
Device Access Examples
For Write Operations:
1 0 1 0 1 B2 B1 0 B0 P2 P1 P0 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 …
To know the complete details on the above ic you can log on to the official web site
www.atmel.com .
End
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10 IBM PC HDD,FDD,PRINTER SIGNAL INDICATOR AND FAULT LOCATOR CARDS(SET OF THREE CARDS)
6500/-
11 MINI LCD SCOPE 6000/-
12 ELECTRONIC EYE 8051 BASED 7500/-
13 ELECTRONIC EYE 8051 BASED WITH EVENT LOGGING ON PC 8500/-
14 HOTEL POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH PC 5000/-
15 UC BASED PT-100 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER 7500/-
16 MICROCONTROLLER BASED CODE LOCK WITH SECURITY TELEPHONE DIALER 7500/-
17 REAL TIME 8CHANNEL DATA LOGGER 7500/-
18 8CH DATA LOGGER THROUGH RADIO LINK 9000/-
19 LOAD SHEDDER 5000/-
20 HOME AUTOMATION THROUGH P.C.
21 INDUCTANCE , CAPACITANCE AND FREQUENCY METER. 7500/-
22 PC TO PC LASER COMMUNICATION 3000/-
23 PC TO PC FIBER- OPTIC COMMUNICATION 3500/-
24 BILGE OIL WATER SEPARATOR 7500/-
25 AUTOMATIC TOLL TAX 10000/-
26 AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF UNMANNED RAIL GATE 6500/-
27 AUTO-ANSWERING WITH SECURITY DIAL-UP 7500/-
28 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)
29 HEART BEAT MONITOR (8051BASED) 3800/-
30 INTELLIGENT SAUNA BATH CONTROL SYSTEM 8500/-
31 REMOTE MONITORING AND ALARM ON PC USING RADIO LINK 9500/-
32 EIGHT CHANNEL DATA LOGGER 89C51BASED 7500/-
33 CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MODERN HOUSE 6500/-
34 PAIN MONITOR 8500/-
35 PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM 8500/-
36 R.F. CONTROLLED INTELLIGENT ROBOT CAR WITH CORDLESS VIDEO-CAM .SENDS VIDEO & SOUND ON
MONITOR/TV CONTINUOUSLY. CAN BE USED FOR SPYING PURPOSE RANGE 50 YARDS RADIAL . B ASED ON
8051 MICROCONTROLLER 7000/- WITH CAMERA 8500/-
37 POWER HOUSE MONITORING THROUGH RADIO FREQUENCY 10000/-
38 DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING RADIO FREQUENCY (8051)SUITABLE FOR ROBOTIC ARM (TWO
ANGLE) 8500/-
39 DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL FROM PC COM PORT(8051)SUITABLE FOR ROBOTIC ARM (TWO ANGLE)
7500/-
40 DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL THROUGH PUSH SWITCHES(8051) 5500/-
41 TELEPHONE CALLS LOGGER ( LOGS ALL INCOMING AND OUTGOING CALLS TO PC) 6500/-
42 RFID TX AND RX KIT WITH TWO IDS ( SECURITY APPLICATION) 7000/-
43 RFID TX AND RX KIT WITH TWO IDS ( ROUTE MAP APPLICATION) 7000/-
44 RFID TX AND RX KIT WITH TWO IDS ( ATTENDANCE REGISTER) 7000/-
45 HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL THROUGH PC 5000/-
46 SAFE LANDING SYSTEM 6500/-
47 BUILD YOUR OWN 8051/52/55 PROGRAMMER 3500/-
48 BUILD YOUR OWN EMBEDDED DEVELOPMENT BOARD P89C61 7500/-
49 REAL-TIME INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL AND MONITORING USING GSM PHONES 10000/-
50 LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT 6000/-
51 LIGHT FOLLOWER ROBOT 6000/-
52 INFRA RED CONTROL FOR PC 3000/-
53 DRIVER ALERT 1500/-
54 CONTACT LESS TECHO GENERATOR 2500/-
55 HEART BEAT MONITOR WITH WAVE ON LCD(PIC BASED) 4500/-
56 IR FOLLOWER ROBOT 6000/-
57 PARKING RADAR 350/-
58 MULTI CORE CABLE TESTER 1500/-
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commercial purpose. All the sensors used are not of the commercial grade. Project could be used in real
time if commercial grade components are used.
Selection of the project :
Most if the students are often confused in project selection. They donot have clear cut idea what to do. But one
thing is certain ,everyone want to do project. Most of the project ideas they get , either from internet,old projects
reports, or from the modern technology products.They want to do something new,something which has not
been done before, innovative .Well, even I would have been doing the same thing at your stage. Remember,the
very basic requirement about the construction of the project ,cook something out of what you have been tought
in your syllabus.so that it can be proved to your exaniner that you have been trained well. Well, you must ask
your professor, about the topic ,on you want to make project on At least an idea what he wanted you to do,
We can help you in selection of your project, provided you come with the clear cut idea in your mind, what you
want to do.Some of the ideas are given on my web site You can visit www.skitronic.co.in /
www.esskayinstitute.com, a group can only discuss on three projects with prior appointment. So select the
project and then only come. Beside our own project ideas, we welcome your ideas too, and will convert those
ideas into reality for you under the following terms and conditions.
• PROJECT MUST MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF YOUR DIPLOMA/DEGREE PROGRAM.
• COST MUST SUIT THE STUDENTS POCKET.
• TECHNOLOGY AND SPARES SHULD BE AVAILABLE LOCALLY.
• IT SHOULD NOT INVOLVE LICENCE OF ANY KING FROM ANY PARTY.
END
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