Menghafal
Hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan untuk membantu anda lebih mudah belajar
semua tenses bahasa Inggris adalah dengan mengingat rumus bentuk kalimat
dan beberapa aturan baku dalam tata bahasa Inggris.
Present tense, digunakan untuk apa pun yang terjadi saat ini atau
untuk pernyataan umum.
Past tense, digunakan untuk segala sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum
momen ini tepat waktu.
Future tense, tense yang digunakan untuk apa pun yang akan terjadi
pada suatu saat nanti daripada sekarang.
Tiga bentuk dasar tenses bahasa Inggris itu mempunyai 3 variasi,
yaitu simple, continuous dan perfect.
A. Present Tenses
o Simple present.
o Present Continuous.
o Present Perfect.
o Present Perfect Continuous.
B. Past Tenses
o Simple Past
o Past Continuous
o Past future.
o Past Perfect
o Past Perfect Continuous
o Past Future Perfect
o Past Future Continuous
o Past Future Perfect Continuous
C. Future Tenses
o Simple future.
o Future continuous
o Future perfect
o Future perfect continuous
Berikut penjelasan lengkap 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris untuk membantu
anda memahami kapan dan bentuk yang mana digunakan dari
semua tenses tersebut.
1. Present Tense
Simple present tense digunakan untuk mengekspresikan tindakan yang
berulang atau tidak berubah. Aksinya bisa berupa kebiasaan, hobi, acara
berulang, emosi, atau keinginan. Present tense tidak digunakan untuk
mengekspresikan tindakan yang sedang terjadi saat ini.
1. Positif.
o I live in Bandung.
o He works in the bank.
o Cats eat fish.
2. Negatif.
o I don’t watch television every night
o She doesn’t go to shopping the market every week.
o He doesn’t sing well.
3. Tanya (Interogatif).
o What do you do?
o Do yo have a car?
o Can you do me a favor?
1. Positif.
o Agnes is speaking to his sister right now.
o Fatin is taking math classes at the university.
o I am working at a office.
2. Negatif.
o I am not listening.
o They are not watching.
o He is not going home.
3. Interogatif (tanya).
o What are You doing these days?
o Are You learning English now?
Is He swimming now?
1. Positif.
o I have seen that movie many times.
o The have not slept much recently.
o I have lived in Samarinda for six years.
2. Negatif.
o Ani has not finished his homework yet.
o They have not mastered Japanese.
o The rain hasn’t stopped.
3. interogatif.
o Have you ever met him?
o Has Bill arrived?
o Has the army attacked that city?
1. Kegiatan sementara.
Penggunaan present perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan
suatu pekerjaan atau keadaan yang bersifat sementara.
2. Aktivitas dari dulu berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Present perfect continuous tense bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan
bahwa suatu aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut
sampai dengan sekarang.
3. Pekerjan baru selesai.
Fungsi present perfect continuous juga untuk membicarakan tentang
suatu pekerjan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan baru selesai
dilaksanakan.
1. Positif.
o Budi went to London yesterday.
o She was still single in 2010.
o He congratulated him for the success.
2. Negatif.
o I didn’t like rice before.
o Bambang was not a football player.
o They aren`t worked for Amazon.
3. interogatif.
o Did you eat an egg?
o Did she drink coffee?./li>
o When did you move here?
6. Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense berfungsi untuk menunjukkan sesuatu terjadi selama
periode waktu tertentu. Bentuk kalimat ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
sesuatu yang terjadi sebelum sekarang dan masih berlangsung saat ini.
1. Positif.
o I was eating banana yesterday in the evening.
o Adi was studying English.
o She was swimming in the river.
2. Negatif.
o Ani was not sleeping.
o I wish you were not driving this car.
o We were not getting home.
3. interogatif.
o What was John doing yesterday?
o What were you watching yesterday night?
o What were you doing last week?
1. Positif.
o Metallica had strong feeling that They would perform in
Jakarta.
o He said he would pick him up at station yesterday evening.
o I said I would not forgive him.
2. Negatif.
o He said He would not forgive him.
o The window should not be opened.
o I wish that I would not be disturbed.
3. interogatif.
o Would you come to her your party?
o Should It be discovered soon?
o Would He buy a smartphone last year?
Interogatif
Had + S + V-3 + O?
1. Positif.
o I had closed the windows before I gone yesterday morning.
o Siti said she had not already seen this film.
o He asked if I had watch Titanic.
2. Negatif.
o The car had not been used for years before we had it
repaired.
o She had not called her mother before she left this morning.
o You might have been so tired when you stopped playing.
3. interogatif.
o Had It been proved to be true before I checked it myself?
o Had Zidane disappeared from football since 7 years ago?
o Had you got some water after you took your pill that night?
1. Menunjukkan penyebab.
Gunakan past perfect continuous tense untuk menunjukkan penyebab
peristiwa atau keadaan di masa lalu.
2. Menyatakan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung sebelum
pekerjaan lainnya.
Penggunaan past perfect continuous tense juga dapat berfungsi
untuk menyatakan keadaan atau pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
sebelum beberapa keadaan atau pekerjaan lain.
S + will/shall + V-1 + O
Verbal
S + am/is/are + going to + V-1 + O
Positif
S + will/shall + be + C
Nominal
S + is/am/are + going to be + Complement
Will/shall + S + be + C?.
Nominal
is/am/are + S + going to + be + C?.
1. Janji.
Penggunaan simple future tense untuk mengucapkan janji dan
sumpah.
2. Perkiraan.
Berfungsi untuk membuat perkiraan berdasarkan pengalaman atau
intuisi kita, seperti kata: believe, feel sure atau suppose. Dengan
mengunakan adverbs: perhaps, possibly atau probably.
3. Acara akan datang.
Digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang peristiwa atau acara yang
akan datang dan kita tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap peristiwa
tersebut.
1. Positif.
o He will send You a letter next week.
o I am going to finish my work in a day.
o My wife will be here tomorrow.
2. Negatif.
o He is not going to spend his vacation in Bali next month.
o I will not call you tomorrow.
o We aren`t going to eat a whole apple together.
3. interogatif.
o Who will help Me finish this homework?
o What are You going to do this month?
o Is He going to drive all the way to Surabaya?
1. Rumus Verbal
2. Rumus Nominal
S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + V1-ing + O + I shall have been sleeping under the
Since/For + Ket. Waktu since 8 P.M.
S + Will/Shall + not + Have + Been + V1-ing + O + He will have been running with his
Since/For + Ket. Waktu sister for 20 minutes.
Will/Shall + S + Have + Been + V1-ing + O + Will you have been sitting with your
Since/For + Ket. Waktu boyfriend for 1 hours?
1. Positif.
o You will have been playing piano for fifteen years.
o She will have been reading two books for a week.
o At nine o’clock, I shall have been waiting for one hour.
2. Negatif.
o You will not have been playing piano for fifteen years.
o She will not have been reading two books for a week.
o At nine o’clock, I shall not have been waiting for one hour.
3. interogatif.
o Will You have been playing piano for fifteen years?
o Will She have been reading two books for a week?
o Shall I have been waiting for one hour?
S + would/should + not + have + V-3/past participle We should not have read this informa
Would/should + S + have + V-3/past Would She have seen the car accident on th
participle? street?.
1. Positif.
o She would have been studying at Oxford University for four
years by last year.
o You would have been coming to the theatre for three time
with me by last month.
o I would have been living here for ten years by last June.
2. Negatif.
o She would not have been studying at Oxford University for
four years by last year.
o You would not have been coming to the theatre for three
time with me by last month.
o I would not have been living here for ten years by last June.
3. interogatif.
o Would She have been studying at Oxford University for four
years by last year?
o Would You have been coming to the theatre for three time
with me by last month?
o Would I have been living here for ten years by last June?
Rangkuman
Belajar tenses bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu bagian penting dari
mempelajari grammar karena ini erat kaitannya dengan penggunaan kata
bantu, verb, to be dan kondisi dalam praktek percakapan sehari-hari.
Jumlah keseluruhannya ada enam belas tenses dalam bahasa inggris
meskipun kalau di luar negeri sering disebutkan hanya dua belas tenses
bahasa inggris yang sering digunakan.
Referensi :