Solar sel 1

Warna merah, V input = 1.8

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.4 0.014 0.000196
2 0.38 -0.006 0.000036
3 0.38 -0.006 0.000036
4 0.38 -0.006 0.000036
5 0.39 0.004 0.000016
V rata2 0.386 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000064
Ralat mutlak 0.0000143    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000371    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 4.4 0.04 0.0016
2 4.4 0.04 0.0016
3 4.3 -0.06 0.0036
4 4.3 -0.06 0.0036
5 4.4 0.04 0.0016
I rata2 4.36 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.0024
Ralat mutlak 0.000537    
Ralat nisbi 0.000123    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.148996, Í 2 = 19.0096, δV 2 = 0.0000143, δi 2 = 0.000537

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi
 δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 19.0096. 0.0000143+ 0.148996. 0.000537

δP 2 = 0.000352003

δP = 0.01876174

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000017 ± 0.01876174

Warna merah V input 2.0

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.4 0.01 0.0001
2 0.39 0 0
3 0.39 0 0
4 0.39 0 0
5 0.38 -0.01 0.0001
V rata2 0.39 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.0000400
Ralat mutlak 0.0000089    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000229    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 6 -0.06 0.0036
2 6.1 0.04 0.0016
3 6.1 0.04 0.0016
4 6.1 0.04 0.0016
5 6 -0.06 0.0036
I rata2 6.06 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.0024
Ralat mutlak 0.000537    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000886    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    
Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.1521, Í 2 = 36.7236, δV 2 = 0.0000089, δi 2 = 0.000537

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
2
δP =
δv( )
δV +
δi
δi ( )
= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 36.7236. 0.0000089 + 0.1521. 0.000537

δP 2 = 0.000410091

δP = 0.020250711

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000024 ± 0.020250711

Warna merah V input 2.2

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.44 0 0
2 0.44 0 0
3 0.44 0 0
4 0.44 0 0
5 0.44 0 0
V rata2 0.44 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 18 0.4 0.16
2 18 0.4 0.16
3 16 -1.6 2.56
 4 18 0.4 0.16
5 18 0.4 0.16
I rata2 17.6 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.64
Ralat mutlak 0.143108351    
Ralat nisbi 0.008131156    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.1936, Í 2 = 309.76, δV 2 = 0, δi 2 = 0.143108351

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=309.76. 0 + 0.1936. 0.143108351

δP 2 = 0.027705777

δP = 0.166450523

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000077 ± 0.166450523

Warna kuning V input 1.8

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.33 -0.008 0.000064
2 0.35 0.012 0.000144
3 0.33 -0.008 0.000064
4 0.34 0.002 0.000004
5 0.34 0.002 0.000004
V rata2 0.338 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000056
Ralat mutlak 0.000013    
 Ralat nisbi 0.000037    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 3.5 0.04 0.0016
2 3.5 0.04 0.0016
3 3.5 0.04 0.0016
4 3.4 -0.06 0.0036
5 3.4 -0.06 0.0036
I rata2 3.46 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.0024
Ralat mutlak 0.000536656    
Ralat nisbi 0.000155103    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.114244, Í 2 =11.9716, δV 2 = 0.000013, δi 2 = 0.000536656

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
2
δP =
δv( )
δV +
δi
δi ( )
= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=11.9716. 0.000013 + 0.114244. 0.000536656

δP 2 = 0.000211218

δP = 0.014533338

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000012 ± 0.014533338

Warna Kuning V input 2.0

Ralat fisdas
 NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.39 0.008 0.000064
2 0.38 -0.002 0.000004
3 0.38 -0.002 0.000004
4 0.38 -0.002 0.000004
5 0.38 -0.002 0.000004
V rata2 0.382 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000016
Ralat mutlak 0.0000036    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000094    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 5.4 -0.02 0.0004
2 5.4 -0.02 0.0004
3 5.4 -0.02 0.0004
4 5.5 0.08 0.0064
5 5.4 -0.02 0.0004
I rata2 5.42 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.0016
Ralat mutlak 0.000357771    
Ralat nisbi 0.000066    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.145924, Í 2 = 29.3764, δV 2 = 0.0000036, δi 2 = 0.000357771

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
2
δP =
δv( )
δV +
δi
δi ( )
= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=29.3764. 0.0000036 + 0.145924. 0.000357771

δP 2 = 0.000157308

δP = 0.012542231

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000021 ± 0.012542231

Warna kuning V input 2.2

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.39 0 0
2 0.39 0 0
3 0.39 0 0
4 0.39 0 0
5 0.39 0 0
V rata2 0.39 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 16 0 0
2 16 0 0
3 16 0 0
4 16 0 0
5 16 0 0
I rata2 16 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.1521, Í 2 =256, δV 2 =0 , δi 2 = 0

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi
 δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=256. 0 + 0.1521. 0

δP 2 = 0

δP = 0

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.00000624 ± 0

Warna biru V input 1.8

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.3 -0.004 0.000016
2 0.3 -0.004 0.000016
3 0.31 0.006 0.000036
4 0.31 0.006 0.000036
5 0.3 -0.004 0.000016
V rata2 0.304 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000024
Ralat mutlak 0.0000054    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000177    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 2.8 -0.28 0.0784
2 2.8 -0.28 0.0784
3 3.9 0.82 0.6724
4 2.9 -0.18 0.0324
5 3 -0.08 0.0064
I rata2 3.08 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.1736
Ralat mutlak 0.03881814    
Ralat nisbi 0.012603292    
keseksamaa
n 98 %    
Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.092416, Í 2 =9.4864, δV 2 =0.0000054 , δi 2 = 0.03881814

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 9.4864. 0.0000054 + 0.092416. 0.03881814

δP 2 = 0.003638327

δP = 0.060318543

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000009 ± 0.060318543

Warna biru V input 2.0

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.35 0.002 0.000004
2 0.35 0.002 0.000004
3 0.34 -0.008 0.000064
4 0.35 0.002 0.000004
5 0.35 0.002 0.000004
V rata2 0.348 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000016
Ralat mutlak 0.000004    
Ralat nisbi 0.000010    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 4.8 0.08 0.0064
2 4.6 -0.12 0.0144
3 4.9 0.18 0.0324
4 4.7 -0.02 0.0004
5 4.6 -0.12 0.0144
 I rata2 4.72 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.0136
Ralat mutlak 0.003041052    
Ralat nisbi 0.000644291    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.121104, Í 2 =22.2784, δV 2 =0.000004, δi 2 = 0.003041052

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=22.2784. 0.000004 + 0.121104. 0.003041052

δP 2 = 0.000447989

δP = 0.021165756

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000016 ± 0.021165756

Warna biru v input 2.2

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.4 0 0
2 0.4 0 0
3 0.4 0 0
4 0.4 0 0
5 0.4 0 0
V rata2 0.4 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa 100 %    
 n

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 10 0 0
2 10 0 0
3 10 0 0
4 10 0 0
5 10 0 0
I rata2 10 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.16, Í 2 = 100, δV 2 =0, δi 2 = 0

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi ( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=100. 0 + 0.16. 0

δP 2 = 0

δP = 0

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000004 ± 0

Solar cell 2

Warna merah V input 1.8

Ralat fisdas
 NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.38 0.002 0.000004
2 0.38 0.002 0.000004
3 0.38 0.002 0.000004
4 0.37 -0.008 0.000064
5 0.38 0.002 0.000004
V rata2 0.378 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000016
Ralat mutlak 0.0000036    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000095    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 7.3 -0.1 0.01
2 7.4 0 0
3 7.5 0.1 0.01
4 7.3 -0.1 0.01
5 7.5 0.1 0.01
I rata2 7.4 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.008
Ralat mutlak 0.001789    
Ralat nisbi 0.000242    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.142884, Í 2 = 54.76, δV 2 = 0.0000036, δi 2 = 0.001789

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 54.76 . 0.0000036 + 0.142884. 0.001789

δP 2 = 0.0004515

δP = 0.021248859

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000028 ± 0.021248859

Warna merah V input 2.0

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.4 0.004 0.000016
2 0.4 0.004 0.000016
3 0.4 0.004 0.000016
4 0.39 -0.006 0.000036
5 0.39 -0.006 0.000036
V rata2 0.396 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000024
Ralat mutlak 0.0000054    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000136    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 28 0 0
2 28 0 0
3 28 0 0
4 28 0 0
5 28 0 0
I rata2 28 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.156816, Í 2 = 784, δV 2 = 0.0000054, δi 2 = 0

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV
δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 784 . 0.0000054+ 0.156816. 0

δP 2 = 0.0042074

δP = 0.064864362

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000111 ± 0.064864362

Warna merah V input 2.2

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.44 0 0
2 0.44 0 0
3 0.44 0 0
4 0.44 0 0
5 0.44 0 0
V rata2 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2
0.44 0
Ralat mutlak   0  
Ralat nisbi   0  
keseksamaan 100 %
   
NO I
I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2
1 18
0.4 0.16
2 18
0.4 0.16
3 16
-1.6 2.56
4 18
0.4 0.16
5 18
0.4 0.16
∑(I–I rata-
I rata2 17.6 rata)2 0.64
0.143108
Ralat mutlak 4    
0.008131
Ralat nisbi 2    
keseksamaan 99 %    

Perambatan ralat
V́ 2 = 0.1936, Í 2 = 309.76, δV 2 = 0, δi 2 = 0.1431084

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 309.76 . 0 + 0.1936. 0.1431084

δP 2 = 0.0277058

δP 0.166450523

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000079 ± 0.166450523

Warna kuning v input 1.8

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.37 0.002 0.000004
2 0.36 -0.008 0.000064
3 0.37 0.002 0.000004
4 0.37 0.002 0.000004
5 0.37 0.002 0.000004
V rata2 0.368 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000016
Ralat mutlak 0.0000036    
Ralat nisbi 0.0000097    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 6 0 0
2 6.1 0.1 0.01
3 5.9 -0.1 0.01
4 6 0 0
5 6 0 0
 I rata2 6 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.004
0.000894
Ralat mutlak 4    
0.000149
Ralat nisbi 1    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 =0.135424, Í 2 = 36, δV 2 = 0.0000036, δi 2 = 0.0008944

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi ( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 36 . 0 + 0.0000036. 0.0008944

δP 2 = 0.0002499

δP = 0.015808998

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000022 ± 0.015808998

Warna kuning V input 2.0

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.38 0.004 0.000016
2 0.38 0.004 0.000016
3 0.37 -0.006 0.000036
4 0.38 0.004 0.000016
 5 0.37 -0.006 0.000036
2
V rata2 0.376 ∑(V–Vrata-rata) 0.000024
Ralat mutlak 0.000005    
Ralat nisbi 0.000014    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 20 -0.6 0.36
2 20 -0.6 0.36
3 20 -0.6 0.36
4 22 1.4 1.96
5 21 0.4 0.16
I rata2 20.6 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.64
0.143108
Ralat mutlak 4    
Ralat nisbi 0.006947    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.141376, Í 2 = 424.36, δV 2 = 0.000005, δi 2 = 0.1431084

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
2
δP =
δv( )
δV +
δi
δi ( )
= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 424.36 . 0.000005 + 0.141376. 0.1431084

δP 2 = 0.000046

δP = 0.006787904

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000077 ± 0.006787904
Warna kuning V input 2.2

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.4 0 0
2 0.4 0 0
3 0.4 0 0
4 0.4 0 0
5 0.4 0 0
V rata2 0.4 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 16 -0.4 0.16
2 16 -0.4 0.16
3 17 0.6 0.36
4 16 -0.4 0.16
5 17 0.6 0.36
I rata2 16.4 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.24
0.053665
Ralat mutlak 6    
0.003272
Ralat nisbi 3    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.16, Í 2 = 268.96, δV 2 = 0, δi 2 = 0.0536656

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi
 δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 268.96. 0 + 0.16. 0.0536656

δP 2 = 0.0085865

δP = 0.092663375

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000066 ± 0.092663375

Warna biru V input 1.8

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.35 0.004 0.000016
2 0.35 0.004 0.000016
3 0.34 -0.006 0.000036
4 0.34 -0.006 0.000036
5 0.35 0.004 0.000016
V rata2 0.346 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000024
Ralat mutlak 0.000005    
Ralat nisbi 0.000016    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 5.5 0.04 0.0016
2 5.5 0.04 0.0016
3 5.4 -0.06 0.0036
4 5.5 0.04 0.0016
5 5.4 -0.06 0.0036
I rata2 5.46 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.0024
0.000536
Ralat mutlak 7    
Ralat nisbi 0.000098    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat
V́ 2 = 0.119716, Í 2 = 29.8116, δV 2 = 0.000005, δi 2 = 0.0005367

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 29.8116. 0.000005 + 0.119716. 0.0005367

δP 2 = 0.0002242

δP = 0.014974384

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000019 ± 0.014974384

Warna biru V input 2.0

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.38 0.006 0.000036
2 0.38 0.006 0.000036
3 0.38 0.006 0.000036
4 0.36 -0.014 0.000196
5 0.37 -0.004 0.000016
V rata2 0.374 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0.000064
Ralat mutlak 0.000014    
Ralat nisbi 0.000038    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 20 0.6 0.36
2 20 0.6 0.36
3 18 -1.4 1.96
4 19 -0.4 0.16
5 20 0.6 0.36
 I rata2 19.4 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0.64
0.143108
Ralat mutlak 4    
0.007376
Ralat nisbi 7    
keseksamaa
n 99 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.139876, Í 2 = 376.36, δV 2 = 0.000014, δi 2 = 0.1431084

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi ( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

= 376.36 . 0.000014 + 0.139876. 0.1431084

δP 2 = 0.0254034

δP = 0.159384596

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.0000073 ± 0.159384596

Warna biru V input 2.2

Ralat fisdas

NO V V - V rata-rata (V–Vrata-rata)^2
1 0.4 0 0
2 0.4 0 0
3 0.4 0 0
4 0.4 0 0
5 0.4 0 0
V rata2 0.4 ∑(V–Vrata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
 Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

NO I I- I rata-rata (I–I rata-rata)^2

1 10 0 0
2 10 0 0
3 10 0 0
4 10 0 0
5 10 0 0
I rata2 10 ∑(I–I rata-rata)2 0
Ralat mutlak 0    
Ralat nisbi 0    
keseksamaa
n 100 %    

Perambatan ralat

V́ 2 = 0.16, Í 2 = 100, δV 2 = 0, δi 2 = 0

P=VXI

δP
=I
δV

δP
=V
δi

δP 2 2 δP 2 2
δP 2= ( )
δv
δV +
δi ( )
δi

= Í 2 δV 2 + V́ 2
δi 2

=100. 0 + 0.16. 0

δP 2 = 0

δP = 0

P = Ṕ ± δP = 0.000004 ± 0