“THE COMPARISON OF THREE BRANDS OF CETRIZINE ON

RETAIL OUTLET BASIS”

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of Requirement

for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Pharmacy

By

UTTARPRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

Project Guide-
Submitted By-
MR. AJEET PAL SINGH abdul
mushahid siddiqui

Faculty of pharmacy
B.Pharm 4th year NIEC,Lko
NIEC, Lucknow Roll
No. 0605650036
 2010-2011

NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

LUCKNOW
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Abdul Mushahid Siddiqui has satisfactory

completed the project work entitled, “THE COMPARISON OF
THREE BRANDS OF cetirizine alerid citrine zyncet ON RETAIL
OUTLET BASIS ” in pharmaceutical marketing subject,
prescribed by UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW, for B.Pharm VIII Semester in the academic year 2010-
2011.

Prof. (Dr.) Shailendra K. Saraf

Teacher in charge
(Director of Pharmacy) Mr. Ajeet Pal
Singh
NIEC, Lucknow (Faculty of
Pharmacy)
NIEC, Lucknow
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the studies described in this report entitled

“THE COMPARISON OF THREE BRANDS OF CETIRIZINE
ALERID CITRINE ZYNCET ON RETAIL OUTLET BASIS " were
carried out by me in the Faculty of Pharmacy, NIEC,
Lucknow under the guidance of Mr. Ajeet Pal Singh.
Further, this work has not been submitted in part or in full to
obtained any other degree/ diploma.

Place:Lucknow
Abdul Mushahid Siddiqui
Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to

Prof. (Dr.) Shailendra K.Saraf, Director, Faculty of
Pharmacy, NIEC, Lucknow, for giving me opportunity to carry out
this project.
With immense pleasure I express my deep sense of
gratitude to Mr. Ajeet Pal Singh who guided
me by giving his valuable suggestions, constructive criticism and
encouragement, which helped me to keep my spirits high and to
deal with problems. Their meticulous methodology, critical
assessment and warm encouragement made it possible for me to
bring the work in its present shape.
Finally, I thank God for giving me the loving siblings and
affectionate parents, who blessed me with everything all
throughout my life. My gratitude to them cannot be expressed in
words. To them I owe my wonderful today and a dreamfulled
tomorrow.
Abdul Mushahid Siddiqui

CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVE

2. INTRODUCTION

a) Bacterial Infection
b) About Drug
c) Classification of Drug
d) Brands Available In Indian Market

1. HISTORY OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETTING

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3. MATERIAL AND METHOD

4. RESULT

5. CONCLUSION

6. DISCUSSION
 7. REFERENCES

Objective

The aim of this study was to report sale of different

brands of CETIRIZINE on the basis of availability of
medicine in the market, on the basis of prescriber habit,
channel of distribution, cost wise comparison &on the
basis of adverse effect and pharmacokinetics.
 Introduction

An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host

organism by a foreign species. In an infection, the
infecting organism seeks to utilize the host's resources to
multiply, usually at the expense of the host. The infecting
organism, or pathogen, interferes with the normal
functioning of the host . The branch of medicine that
focuses on infections and pathogens is infectious disease.
"When infection attacks the body, anti-infective drugs can
help turn the tide of battle. Four types of anti-infective
drugs exist: antibacterial, antiviral, antitubercular, and
antifungal. Many individuals develop a variety of
infections but quickly overcome them. However, some
individuals are unfortunate and develop chronic or
persistent infections. In the majority of cases, persistent
infections are caused by viruses and not bacteria. The
diagnosis of persistent infections can be difficult as there
are no specific signs and symptoms. If an infection is
suspected, blood, urine and sputum cultures are usually
the first step. Chest x ray and stool analysis may provide
a clue. Sometimes fluid from the spinal cord is obtained
to ensure that there is no brain infection.

Bacterial Infections
The classic symptoms of a bacterial infection are
localized redness, heat, swelling and pain. One of the
hallmarks of a bacterial infection is local pain, pain that is
in a specific part of the body. For example, if a cut occurs
and it is infected with bacteria, pain will occur at the site
of the infection. Bacterial throat pain is often
characterized by more pain on one side of the throat. An
ear infection is more likely to be bacterial if the pain
occurs in only one ear. An infection that produces pus is
not always bacterial. There are some bacterial infections
caused by the different bacterial species.

1) Meningitis:
 Inflammation of the meninges due to an infection,
usually caused by a bacterium or virus. Symptoms
include fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion,
lethargy, and drowsiness. Bacterial meningitis is much
more serious and is treated with antibiotics. Viral
meningitis has no specific treatment. Bacterial meningitis
may be fatal if not treated promptly: viral meningitis
usually resolves on its own in 1-2 weeks. A vaccine is
available to help protect against some types of bacterial
meningitis.
Drug used: Ampillin,Biocillin.

2) Pneumonia:
Pneumonia is an acute infection or inflammation of
the alveoli. It is the most common infectious cause of
death in the United State, where an estimate 4 million
cases occur annually. When certain microbes enter the
lungs of susceptible individuals, they release damaging
toxins, stimulating inflammation and immune responses
that have damaging side effects. The toxin and immune
response damage alveoli and bronchial mucous
membranes: inflammation and edema cause the alveoli
to fill with fluid, interfering with ventilation and gas
exchange.
The most common cause of pneumonia is the
pneumococcal bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae, but
other microbes may also cause pneumonia. Those who
are most susceptible to pneumonia are the elderly,
infants, immune compromised individuals (AIDS or cancer
patients, or those taking immunosuppressive drugs),
cigarette smokers, and individuals with an obstructive
lung disease. Most cases of pneumonia are preceded by
an upper respiratory infection that often is viral.
Individuals then develop fever, chills, productive or dry
cough, malaise, chest pain, and sometimes dyspnea
(difficult breathing) and hemoptysis (spitting blood).
Treatment may involve antibiotics, bronchodilators,
oxygen therapy, increased fluid intake, and chest
physiotherapy (percussion, vibration, and postural
drainage).
Drug used: Roscillin, Moxylong

3)Influenza (flu):
Influenza (flu) is caused by a virus. Its symptoms
include chills, fever (usually higher than 1010F=390C),
headache, and muscular aches. Influenza can become
life-threatening and may develop into pneumonia. It is
important to recognize that influenza is a respiratory
disease, not a gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Many people
mistakenly report having “The flu” when they are
suffering from a GI illness.

4)Urinary Tract Infections:

The term urinary tract infection (UTI) is used to
describe either an infection of a part of the urinary
system or the presence of large numbers of microbes in
urine. UTIs are more common in females due to the
shorter length of the urethra. Symptoms include painful
or burning urination, urgent and frequent urination, low
back pain, and bedwetting. UTIs include urethritis
(inflammation of the urethra), cystitis (inflammation of
the urinary bladder), and pyelonephritis (inflammation of
the kidneys). If pyelonephritis becomes chronic, scar
tissue can form in the kidneys and severely impair their
function. Drinking cranberry juice can prevent the
attachment of E. coli bacteria to the lining of the urinary
bladder so that they are more readily flushed away
during urination.
Drug used: Mox, Amonate
5) Gonorrhea:
Gonorrhea (gon-o-RE-a) or “the clap” is caused by the
bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In the United States, 1-
2 million new cases of gonorrhea appear each year, most
among individuals aged 15-29 years. Discharges from
infected mucus membranes are the source of
transmission of the bacteria either during sexual contact
or during the passage of a newborn through the birth
canal. The infection site can be in the mouth and throat
after oral-genital contact, in the rectum after rectogenital
contact.
Males usually experience urethritis with profuse pus
drainage and painful urination. The prostate and
epididymis may also become infected. In females,
infection typically occurs in the vagina, often with a
discharge of pus. Both infected males and females may
harbor the disease without any symptoms, until it has
progressed to a more advanced stage; about 5-10% of
males and 50% of females are asymptomatic. In females,
the infection and consequent inflammation can proceed
from the vagina into the uterus, uterine tubes, and pelvic
cavity. An estimated 50,000 to 80,000 women in the
United States are made infertile by gonorrhea every year
as a result of scar tissue formation that closes the uterine
tubes. If bacteria in the birth canal are transmitted to the
eyes of a newborn, blindness can result. Administration of
a 1% silver nitrate solution in the infant`s eyes prevents
infection.
Drug used:
Amoxcilin,Novamox,Amoxil,Augmentinn,Enhancin

6) Syphilis:
Syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema
pallidum, is transmitted through sexual contact or
exchange of blood, or through the placenta to a fetus.
The disease progresses through several stages. During
the primary stage, the chief sign is a painless open sore,
called a chancre (SHANG-ker), at the point of contact.
The chancre heals within 1 to 5 weeks. From 6 to 24
weeks later, signs and symptoms such as a skin rash,
fever, and aches in the joints and muscles usher in the
secondary stage, when signs of organ degeneration
appear, the disease is said to be in the tertiary stage. If
the nervous system is involved, the tertiary stage is
called neurosyphilis. As motor areas become damaged
extensively, victims may be unable to control urine and
bowel movements. Eventually they may become
bedridden and unable even to feed themselves. In
addition, damage to the cerebral cortex produces
memory loss and personality that range from irritability to
hallucinations.
 About Drug
Amoxicillin is a semisynthetic derivative of ampicillin with
extended spectrum effective against a broad spectrum of
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria having
antibacterial spectrum similar to the ampicillin. Like other
antibiotics in the penicillin category, amoxicillin does not
kill bacteria but rather prevents bacteria from forming
walls that surround them, which are necessary for
bacteria to multiply and survive. Amoxicillin is only
intended to treat bacterial infections and is not known to
be effective against viral infections.
Clavulanic acid is β-lactamase inhibitors although they
exhibit negligible antimicrobial activity; they contain the
β-lactam ring. Their sole purposes to prevent the
inactivation of β-lactam antibiotics by binding the β-
lactamases and as such, they are co-administered with β-
lactam antibiotics.
Clavulanic acid is a progressive inhibitor it is also known
as ‘Suicide inhibitor’ because it gets inactivated
after binding with enzyme. The combination of amoxicillin
and clavulanic acid is known as ‘Co-amoxiclav’.

Mode of action:
Inhibits cell wall synthesis during bacterial
multiplication, leading to cell death. Shows enhanced
activity toward gram-negative bacteria compared to
natural and penicillinase-resistant penicillins.

Pharmacological class: Aminopenicillin.

Therapeutic class: Antibacterial.
A
dverse drug reactions:
➢ CNS: lethargy, hallucinations, anxiety, confusion,
agitation, depression, dizziness, fatigue,
hyperactivity, insomnia, behavioral
changes, seizures (with high doses).
➢ GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain,
gastritis, stomatitis, glossitis, black "hairy" tongue, furry tongue,
enterocolitis.
➢ GU: vaginitis, nephropathy.
➢ Hematologic: Eosinophilia, anemia, thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, bone marrow
depression.
➢ Hepatic: cholestatic jaundice, hepatic cholestasis, cholestatic,
hepatitis, nonspecific hepatitis.
➢ Respiratory: wheezing.
➢ Skin: rash.
 ➢ Other: superinfections (oral and rectalcandidiasis),
fever, anaphylaxis. Concurrent use may reduce the efficacy of oral
contraceptive.
Interactions:
➢ Drug-drug:
• Allopurinol: increased risk of rash

Allopurinol may reduce renal tubular secretion of

amoxicillin thus increasing the serum levels of
amoxicillin.
Concurrent use may reduce the efficacy of oral
contraceptive.
• Chloramphenicol, macrolides,
sulfonamides, and tetracycline: decreased
amoxicillin efficacy.
• Hormonal contraceptives: decreased
contraceptive efficacy.
• Probenecid: decreased renal excretion.

➢ Drug-food: Any food: delayed or reduced drug absorption.

USE:
Pneumonia, Pneumonia, Influenza (flu), Urinary Tract
Infections, Gonorrhea, skin and soft tissue infections,
gynaecological sepsis, respiratory tract infection, typhoid
fever etc.

Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Rapid oral absorption.
Distribution: Distributed in tissues.
Metabolism: Metabolized more than penicillin G.
Excretion: Eliminated mainly by glomerular filtration.
Amoxicillin is primarily excreted unchanged by tubular
secretion.
Elimination Half Life: 1 hr.

Classification of Drug

Penicillins are classified as-

1) Acid resistant alternative to Penicillin

G:
Phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin V).

2) Penicillinase resistant penicillin:

Methicillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Neficillin.

3)Extended spectrum penicillin:

 a) Amino penicillin:
Ampicillin,Becampicillin,Amoxicillin.
b) Carboxypenicilin: Carbenicillin,Ticarcillin.
c) Uridopenicillin: Mezlocillin,Piperacillin
d) Mecicillinam.

1) Beta lactamase inhibitors: Clavulanic acid,

Sulbactam.

Brands Available In Indian

Market
S. Brand Composition Company No. Price(
No. name Of Rs)
Table
ts
1. Augment Amoxicillin GSK 4 219.58
in Duo 875mg,
clavulanic acid
125mg
2. Advent Amoxicillin Cipla 4 204.50
500mg,
Clavulanic acid
500mg
3. Bactocla Amoxicillin Micro B & B 6 120.00
v 250mg, clavulanic
acid 125mg
4. Clamp Amoxicillin Dr. Reddy’s 8 301.18
500mg,
clavulanate k
125mg
5. Clamp Amoxicillin Dr. Reddy’s 6 90.41
kid 200mg, clavulanic
acid 28.5mg
6. Clavactu Amoxicillin Elder (elLife) 4 192.00
m 875mg, clavulanic
acid 125mg
7. Clavam Amoxicillin Alkem 10 127.50
200mg, clavulanic
k 28.5mg
8. Clavotrol Amoxicillin AstraZeneca 6 123.50
200mg, clavulanic
k 125mg
9. Curam Amoxicillin Novartis 5×4 900.00
 History of Pharmaceutical
Marketing
Pharmaceutical marketing is the business of
advertising or otherwise promoting the sale of
pharmaceuticals or drugs. The marketing of medication
has a long history. Marketing of non-prescription
medications, such as pain relievers or allergy medicine,
has also long been practiced. This would involve ads in
professional journals and visits by sales staff to doctor`s
offices and hospitals. An important part of these efforts
was marketing to medical students.

To health care providers:

Marketing to health care providers takes four main

forms: gifting, detailing, drug samples, and sponsoring
In Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States
80-90% of physicians see pharmaceutical
representatives.

Free samples:
 Free sample have been shown to affect physician
prescribing behavior. Physicians with access to free
sample or more likely to prescribe brand name
medication over equivalent OTC medications.

Pharmaceutical representatives:

A pharmaceutical representative will often try to see

a given physician every few weeks. Representatives often
have a call list of about 200 physicians that should be
visited in 1-2 week cycles. Management tasks are usually
broken down into the areas of physician targeting, sales
force size and structure, sales force optimization, call
planning, and sales forces effectiveness. Marketers must
decide on the appropriate size of a sales force needed to
sell a particular portfolio of drugs Marketers must decide
on the appropriate size of a sales force needed to sell a
particular portfolio of drugs &Design the optimal reach
for each individual physician. Decide how many sales
representatives to devote to office and group practice
and how many to devote to hospital account some
pharmaceutical companies use additional information
such as:
➢ Profitability of a prescription (script),
➢ Accessibility of the physician,
➢ Tendency of the physician to use the pharmaceutical
company's drugs,
 ➢ Effect of managed care formularies on the ability of
the physician to prescribe a drug, the tendency of
the physician to use a wide palette of drugs,
➢ Influence that physicians have on their colleagues,
Historically, this was done by a large pharmaceutical
sales force. Physicians are perhaps the most important
component in sales. They write the prescriptions that
determine which drugs will be used by people. Influencing
the physician is the key to pharmaceutical sales.
Historically, this was done by a large pharmaceutical
sales force.

To consumers:

The mass marketing to consumers of pharmaceuticals

is banned in over 30 industrialized nations, but not in the
US and New Zealand most countries impose limits on
pharmaceutical mass marketing that are not placed on
the marketing of other products.

Regulation:

In the United States, marketing and distribution of

pharmaceuticals is regulated by FDA regulatory
guidelines which provide substantial evidence for any
claims that are made, to provide a balance between the
risks and benefits of the promoted drug, and to maintain
consistency with labeling approved by the FDA.
Evolution of marketing:

The emergence of new media and technologies in

recent years is quickly changing the pharmaceutical
marketing landscape in the United States. Both
physicians and consumers are increasing their reliance on
the Internet as a source of health and medical
information. In 2008, eighty-four percent of U.S.
physicians used the Internet and other technologies to
access pharmaceutical, biotech or medical device at the
same time, sales reps are finding it more difficult to get
time with doctors for in-person details. Pharmaceutical
companies are exploring online marketing as an
alternative way to reach physicians. Direct-to-consumer
marketers are also recognizing the need to shift to digital
channels as audiences become more fragmented and the
number of access points for news, entertainment and
information multiplies. Standard television, radio and
print direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements are less
relevant than in the past, and companies are beginning to
focus more on digital marketing efforts like product
websites, online display advertising, search engine
marketing, social media campaigns, and mobile
advertising to reach the over 145 million U.S.

Review of Literature
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin, Augmentin ES-
600) is a well established, orally administered
combination of amoxicillin (a semisynthetic antibacterial
agent) and clavulanic acid (a -lactamase inhibitor).
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid shows good activity against
the main pathogens associated with acute otitis media
(AOM), including penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate
strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and -lactamase
producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and
Moraxella catarrhalis. It has moderate activity against
penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae; a high-dose
formulation has been developed with the aim of providing
better coverage for penicillin-resistant strains.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (conventional formulations,
mostly 40/10 mg/kg/day in three divided doses) produced
clinical response rates similar to those of oral
cephalosporin comparators and similar to or significantly
greater than those for intramuscular ceftriaxone in
randomised trials in paediatric patients with AOM. Clinical
response rates were generally similar for
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and macrolide comparators,
although significantly better clinical and bacteriological
responses were seen versus azithromycin in one
randomised trial.
The high-dose formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanic
acideradicated a high proportion of penicillin-resistant S.
pneumoniaein a large noncomparative trial in children
with AOM.
 Material &Method

Survey method was utilized to know about the strip

wise sale of selected three drugs(Augmentin, Clavum &
Clamp) at retail outlet level in a limited area of Lucknow
city. The survey is conducted in Munshipulia to Bhootnath
market in Indira Nagar.
All the retail outlets were surveyed and data for these
sale collected for a time period of one month from date
6Feb 2010 to 13March 2010. I collect information from
retail shops by visiting there twice in a week. Through
this method demand for three selected products were
estimated in a particular area.
The survey is non –experimental descriptive research
method. Surveys can be useful when data on
phenomenon that cannot be directly observed
extensively in marketing to assess attitude &
characteristics of wide range of product .The survey was
done in the following retail pharmacies.
1) Medikyor Medical Center

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 2 2 2

2. 13/02/2010 3 1 1

3. 20/02/2010 1 0 0

4. 27/02/2010 2 2 0

5. 6/03/2010 3 1 1

6. 13/03/2010 1 1 1

Total 12 7 5

2) Salaman & Co- Medical Store

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 4 3 0

2. 13/02/2010 3 1 2

3. 20/02/2010 4 2 1

4. 27/02/2010 2 0 0

5. 6/03/2010 0 1 1
 6. 13/03/2010 1 1 0

Total 14 8 4

3) Mamta Medical Center

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 3 1 2

2. 13/02/2010 2 2 1

3. 20/02/2010 1 1 0

4. 27/02/2010 1 0 1

5. 6/03/2010 3 1 1

6. 13/03/2010 4 2 0

Total 14 6 5

4) Amar Medical Store

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 3 2 2

2. 13/02/2010 2 1 1

3. 20/02/2010 4 0 0

4. 27/02/2010 1 1 0

5. 6/03/2010 1 2 1
 6. 13/03/2010 2 1 1

Total 13 7 5

5) Raj Medical Store

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 3 1 2

2. 13/02/2010 2 2 1

3. 20/02/2010 3 0 1

4. 27/02/2010 2 0 1

5. 6/03/2010 4 3 0

6. 13/03/2010 1 1 1

Total 15 7 6

6) Shree Sai Medical Store

Secter-8 Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 1 1 2

2. 13/02/2010 3 2 0

3. 20/02/2010 5 1 1

4. 27/02/2010 2 0 1

5. 6/03/2010 1 3 0
 6. 13/03/2010 0 1 1

Total 12 7 5

7) Sameer Medical Store

Secter-8 Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 3 2 2

2. 13/02/2010 2 3 0

3. 20/02/2010 2 1 1

4. 27/02/2010 1 1 0

5. 6/03/2010 2 0 0

6. 13/03/2010 2 1 1

Total 12 8 4

8) Soni Drug House

Munshi Puliya Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 4 1 1

2. 13/02/2010 2 1 0

3. 20/02/2010 3 2 1

4. 27/02/2010 1 0 1

5. 6/03/2010 1 2 1
 6. 13/03/2010 2 1 1

Total 13 7 5

9) Mahi Medical Store

Secter-14 Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 3 1 1

2. 13/02/2010 1 1 1ss

3. 20/02/2010 2 1 0

4. 27/02/2010 1 1 1

5. 6/03/2010 1 2 2

6. 13/03/2010 3 2 1

Total 11 8 6

10) R.D.Medicos
Munshi Puliya Indra Nagar

Brand Name
S.No. Date
ALERID CETRINE ZYNCET

1. 6/02/2010 4 2 2

2. 13/02/2010 2 1 1

3. 20/02/2010 1 1 1

4. 27/02/2010 2 1 0

5. 6/03/2010 1 2 1

6. 13/03/2010 1 1 1
 Total 11 8 7

Result

On the basis of previous data collected from ten medical

stores by survey method ,there is compiled table which
shows the average strip wise sale of selected brands and
it has been found that sale of Augmentin is more than
other two brands.
Brand Name
S.No. Medical store Augment Clavum Clamp
in
1. Medikyor Medical Center 12 7 5

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

2. Salaman & Co- Medical Store 14 8 4

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

3. Mamta Medical Center 14 6 5

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

4. Amar Medical Store 13 7 5

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

5. Raj Medical Store 15 7 6

Bhooth Nath Indra Nagar

6. Shree Sai Medical Store 12 7 5

Secter-8 Indra Nagar

 7. Sameer Medical Store 12 8 4

Secter-8 Indra Nagar

8. Soni Drug House 13 7 5

Munshi Puliya Indra Nagar

9. Mahi Medical Store 11 8 6

Secter-14 Indra Nagar

10. R.D.Medicos 11 8 7

Munshi Puliya Indra Nagar

Total 127 73 52

Average 13 7 5

Graph:
Brand Name

Graphical representation of result showing the strip wise

sale of Augmentin is maximum and demand of Clamp is
minimum in market on the basis of data collected from
ten medical stores.

Conclusion

On the basis of data and graph it was cleared that strip wise sale of
Augmentin was more than other two medicines. There may be various
reasons for having more sale of Augmentin as compared other two
medicines i.e. Clavum and Clamp. They may be following-
 ➢ Price of Augmentin is less than the Clavum & Clamp.
➢ Due to strong distribution channel of Augmentin, it is easily
available at retail shops even at rural area.
➢ Due to less adverse effect, Augmentin is more preferred by
physicians for treating the bacterial & viral infections.
Augmentin is available in tablet form where as Clavum is
mostly available in powder form. So due to ease of
administration sale of Augmentin is more than other two
medicines i.e. Clavum and Clamp.

Discussion

➢ On the basis of above results and conclusion it is find

that Augmentin, Clavum & Clamp all are combination
of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid.
➢ There are many brands available in the market which
are listed previously.
➢ All three brands are belonging to the Extended
spectrum penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor
category of Semisynthetic penicillins.
➢ All these shows oral absorption and bioavailability of
60%; can also be injected. Its elimination t1/2 is 1 hr.
Partly excreted in bile and reabsorbed-enterohepatic,
primary channel of excretion is kidney.
➢ These are widly used in urinary tract infections,
respiratory tract infections, meningitis, gonorrhea,
typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, skin and soft
tissue infections etc.
➢ On the basis of survey method data are collected
different medical stores, and this is find that sale of
Augmentin is more than other two medicine (i.e.
Clavum and Clamp) due to low cost, less adverse
effects and availability in market and more channel
of distribution.

References
1)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_marketin
g
2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-lactam_antibiotic
3)http://www.annals.org/content/146/10/742.full.pdf
4)http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a
685024.html
5)http://www.healthy-market.org/
6)http://www.healthy-market.org/what_antibiotics.php
7)http://www.healthy-market.org/classification.php
8)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/antibiotic
9)http://www.mediglyphics.com/public/Pharmacology/a
moxicillin
10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection
11)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis
12)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea
13)http://www.bharatbook.com
14)http://www.bioportfolio.com/cgi-
bin/acatalog/The_Indian_Pharmaceutical_Market_Anal
ysis_and_Forecasts_2008-2023.html
15)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticals in India
16)http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-
Reports/Military-Communications-and-COTS-2008-
Analysing-the-Expanding-Defence-Related-
Market-.html
17)Tripathi, K.D. ”Essentials of Medical Pharmacology”
4th edition, published by Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publisher, page no. 706-711.