Recent developments with regard to the sovereign debt situation of countries ranging from Iceland to
the United Arab Emirates, and more recently, of countries in the Euro‐zone, most prominently Greece,
have been a rude awakening for global financial markets. After a protracted period of benign neglect,
policymakers as well as investors are beginning to scrutinize more carefully the health of sovereign
public finances.
Lessons from previous debt crises are being re‐learnt. Escalating public debt does not bode well for
macro‐economic stability and growth as it exerts upward pressure on interest rates and crowds‐out
domestic private investment. For developing countries, the higher interest cost associated with
domestic debt places a substantial strain on budgetary resources, with a negative spill‐over effect on
social sector and development outlays and a slowdown in growth momentum. For external debt,
creditors may charge a lower interest rate (as is the case with most multilateral and bilateral donors),
but the exchange rate risk inherent in the accumulation of foreign currency debt leaves a country
vulnerable to developments on the external account and in international markets. Therefore,
policymakers are faced with choices not only of what levels of public debt to accumulate, but also the
composition of the portfolio with regards to source, availability, costs and risks which are consistent with
the government’s medium‐term fiscal, monetary, and exchange (external account) priorities.
80
Pakistan
70
60
EMC Average
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mexico
South Africa
Indonesia
China
Russia
Chile
Brazil
Pakistan
Turkey
Belarus
Croatia
Colombia
Bulgaria
Poland
Argentina
Emerging LAC
Emerging Asia
Ukraine
Romania
Emerging EUR
Peru
Saudi Arabia
Hungary
India
Malaysia
Thailand
Source: IMF WEO Database
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis and economic slowdown, most countries have acquired
109
Economic Survey 2009‐10
substantial amounts of debt as a result of large budgetary outlays and fiscal stimulus targeted at
addressing the hardest hit economic sectors, instilling confidence in markets, and reviving overall
economic activity. By augmenting already high levels of post‐crisis public debt, most countries now face
a daunting challenge in dealing with increased debt burdens. The problem is more pronounced in
developed countries, specifically in the Euro zone. Fiscal deficits in advanced economies have increased
to approximately 9 percent of GDP1. Debt‐to‐GDP ratios in these economies are expected to exceed 100
percent of GDP in 2014 based on current policies, some 35 percentage points of GDP1 higher than
before the crisis. By contrast, the public debt accumulation in emerging economies has been lower, with
public debt ratios of approximately 30 to 40 percent of GDP in these economies (See Fig‐8.1). Given the
higher economic growth in emerging economies led by strong domestic demand, there is ample fiscal
space to place the debt burdens on a declining path with relative ease.
Although somewhat insulated from the financial crisis, Pakistan too has witnessed a rise in public debt in
the recent past. Fiscal profligacy in the shape of large subsidies, policy inaction with regards to rising oil
prices in 2007, weak revenue collection, pressure on budgetary resources placed by a heightened
security situation, and efforts to eliminate the inter‐corporate debt in the energy sector, have led to a
relatively rapid increase in public debt. The cumulative effect of the depreciation of the Rupee against
the US dollar, on the one hand, and the weakness of the US dollar against third currencies (including
Special Drawing Rights, SDR) in which a significant portion of Pakistan’s external public debt is
denominated, have also played a substantial part in the overall increase.
Based on projections for the end of FY10, Pakistan has one of the highest public debt‐to‐GDP ratio
amongst emerging economies (as shown in Fig‐8.1). However, policy responses in FY10, a withdrawal of
pressure on the external account and a relatively stable exchange rate, in addition to a limit on
borrowing from the central bank have all helped stem the rapid increase of public debt witnessed in
FY09.
8.1‐1 Outstanding Public Debt
The definition of public debt used in the Economic Survey of Pakistan is in conformity with international
conventions. Total Public Debt (TPD) includes domestic debt payable in Pak Rupee as well as the short,
medium and long term Public Debt portion of External Debt & Liabilities (expressed in Rupee term). In
addition, funds obtained from International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the purpose of budgetary
financing have also been included from the current fiscal year. The stock of public debt does not include
the debt and liabilities of the central bank, which includes financing for balance of payment (BoP)
support. Further, publically guaranteed debt and government guarantees issued for commodity
operations are also not included.
Using this standard definition, Total Public Debt (TPD) posted a growth of 12.2 percent during the first
nine months of the current fiscal year and reached Rs. 8,160 billion at the end of March 2010. This
increase in the stock of public debt is significantly lower than the rapid increase of 22 percent in the
previous fiscal year.
The domestic currency component increased by Rs. 631 billion or 16.3 percent to end at Rs. 4,491 billion
in comparison to Rs. 3,860 billion of end‐June 2009. This increase accounted for 71 percent of the
aggregate increase in TPD. On the other hand, there was an addition of Rs. 253 billion in the stock of
1 World Economic Outlook, April 2010, International Monetary Fund
110
Publicc Debt
111
Economic Survey 2009‐10
year as opposed to 20 percent depreciation of the domestic currency in 2008‐09. However, appreciation
of the dollar against major international currencies caused a translational gain (reduction in stock due to
exchange rate movement) of US$ 111 million or Rs 9.3 billion in the outstanding stock of foreign
currency public debt. The net impact of currency movements on TPD for the first three quarters of FY10
stood at Rs 138.7 billion. Fig 8.2 depicts the net impact of translational losses on account of Rupee
depreciation against the dollar, and movements of the dollar against other international currencies from
FY00‐FY10. On a cumulative basis, exchange rate losses amount to Rs 1605 billion or 20 percent of the
current outstanding stock of TPD2. Losses during FY08 and FY09 were significantly higher, owing to a
combination of a loss in value of the Rupee, as well as a weakening dollar in international markets.
Fig‐8.2: Net Translational Impact on Total Public Debt FY00‐FY10*
600
500
400 Cumulative Losses FY00‐FY10:
Rs. Billion
Rs. 1605 billion
300
200
100
0
FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10
* : As of end‐March 2010 Source: DPCO Staff Calculation
The quantum of increase on the domestic front in the first nine months of 2009‐10 is nevertheless
alarming. The resurgence of SBP borrowing in the last two months of the third quarter has been the
principal source. However, with the government’s commitment to adhere to net zero quarterly
borrowing limits, this rising trend in the stock of central bank debt is expected to stabilize by the end of
this fiscal year. The shortfall in undisbursed amounts of foreign currency debt was met by a heavy
reliance on domestic bank and non‐bank sources. The government was able to access the debt capital
markets due to favourable current environment and interest rates. As a result, healthy investment in
government securities and sizeable accruals in major NSS instruments accounted for much of the
increase in Rupee debt.
8.1‐2 Servicing of Public Debt
Servicing on public debt has aggregated to Rs. 640.2 billion at end‐March 2010. As percent of the
projected GDP for 2009‐10, the public debt servicing is now 4.4 percent. Interest payments of Rs. 428.5
billion have been incurred on domestic debt, whereas Rs. 45 billion of the payment was on account of
foreign debt. Huge repayments of about Rs. 166.7 billion were made to retire the maturing foreign
currency debt. Almost 46 percent of the government revenues have been used to service interest and
principal payments on public debt during July 2009 to March 2010.
2 Note: Due to unavailability of detailed data the currency composition is assumed to be constant for years before 2007.
112
Public Debt
Fig‐8.3: Public Debt Service as % of Total Revenue Table 8.3: Public Debt Servicing, July'09‐March'10
FY05‐FY10* (in billions of Rs.)
50% Interest Payments 473.5
Interest on Domestic Debt 428.5
40% Interest on Foreign Debt 45.0
Repayment of Foreign Debt 166.7
30%
Public Debt Servicing 640.2
20% (in percent of GDP)
Interest Payments 3.2
10% Interest on Domestic Debt 2.9
Interest on Foreign Debt 0.3
0% Repayment of Foreign Debt 1.1
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Public Debt Servicing 4.4
(in percent of Revenue)
* : As of end March 2010 Source: DPCO
Interest Payments 33.8
Interest on Domestic Debt 30.6
Interest on Foreign Debt 3.2
As GDP growth does not necessarily translate into a Repayment of Foreign Debt 11.9
proportionate increase in revenues, the burden Public Debt Servicing 45.7
placed by public debt service obligations on Source: Budget Wing, MoF
government resources is more aptly measured by
public debt service as a percentage of government revenues. Weak growth in revenue collection and a
faster rate of accumulation of debt during 2007‐08 led to a sharp increase in public debt servicing as a
percentage of total revenues in the following year. Servicing of public debt amounted to 47 percent of
total revenues during FY09. However, a subsequent reduction in the pace of debt creation and a
marginal easing in monetary policy stance have seen this indicator fall to approximately 46 percent in
the first three quarters of FY10.
8.1‐3 Dynamics of Public Debt
Owing to a revision in the GDP growth for the last two years, the TPD‐to‐GDP ratio has been adjusted to
58.4 percent and 57.1 percent in 2007‐08 and 2008‐09 respectively. For 2009‐10, this ratio in
percentage terms rested at 55.6 percent as of March 31. The ratio has declined by 1.5 percentage points
from the previous fiscal year, which has mainly been achieved on account of slow‐moving external
inflows. In terms of total revenues, public debt as of end‐March has improved slightly to 3.8 times, from
3.9 times in 2008‐09. In real terms, the growth of public debt has been fairly restrained, following a
spike in FY08. 9.7 percent growth in real terms witnessed in FY08, coupled with negative real growth of
revenues, led to a drastic increase in the country’s debt burden.
Table 8.4: Dynamics of Public Debt Burden, FY05‐FY10*
Year GDP Deflator Fiscal Primary Real Growth Real Growth of Real Growth of
Balance Balance of Debt [A] Revenue [B] Debt Burden
[A‐B]
FY05 7.7% ‐3.3% ‐1.3% ‐1.7% 5.7% ‐7.3%
FY06 7.0% ‐4.3% ‐2.3% ‐0.1% 12.6% ‐12.8%
FY07 10.5% ‐4.3% ‐1.5% ‐0.3% 10.1% ‐10.4%
FY08 16.2% ‐7.6% ‐2.8% 9.7% ‐0.7% 10.4%
FY09 20.3% ‐5.2% ‐0.3% 1.4% 3.1% ‐1.8%
FY10 10.1% ‐5.1% ‐0.5% 2.1% 6.3% ‐4.3%
* : As of end‐March 2010 Source: DPCO Staff Calculations
113
Economic Survey 2009‐10
As shown in Table‐8.4, efforts to decrease the fiscal deficit have paid dividend in the form of lower real
growth of debt. Further, positive real growth in revenues above and beyond the growth in debt during
the FY09 and FY10 has translated to a real reduction in the debt burden. It must be noted however, that
the deceleration in the real growth of debt was also influenced by very high levels of inflation witnessed
in FY09. As inflationary pressures in the economy were fairly lower in FY10, the real growth in debt has
begun to increase marginally. During the first nine months of the current year, total public debt
increased by 2.1 percent in real terms, whereas end of year revenue collection is projected to grow by
6.3 percent; leading to a decline in the debt burden of approximately 4.3 percent.
Calculation of real (inflation‐adjusted) cost of Table 8.5: Real Cost of Borrowing
borrowing reflects not only the interest paid on Year External Domestic Public
outstanding debt, but also the price levels and Debt Debt Debt
(in percent)
exchange rate movements and their impact on the
FY05 ‐4.1 ‐0.8 ‐2.3
portfolio. Historically, external debt has been a FY06 ‐4.8 1.1 ‐1.6
cheaper source of borrowing for Pakistan. However, FY07 ‐4.4 5.8 1.1
rupee depreciation against the dollar has had a FY08 3.3 4.5 4.0
massive impact on the cost of external debt in FY09 3.4 ‐3.7 ‐0.5
various years. The real cost of borrowing from FY10* ‐5.7 0.2 ‐2.6
external sources, which is usually negative, increased * : As of end‐March 2010 Source:DPCO staff calculations
to as high as 3.4 percent in FY09 owing mostly to the Rupee losing 20 percent of its value against the
dollar. With a relatively stable exchange rate, and the concessional nature of Pakistan’s external loans,
the cost of borrowing for FY10 stood at ‐5.7 percent in real terms. The cost of borrowing from domestic
sources has increased to 0.2 percent in the first three quarters of FY10; however, this increase is partly
influenced by lower inflationary pressures as compared to FY09 where the cost from domestic sources
was ‐3.7 percent in real terms.
8.2 Domestic Debt
In order to bridge the gap between revenue and expenditure on a government’s balance sheet,
sovereigns all over the globe rely on debt creating flows, both external and internal. The foreign
currency component of financing generally depends on factors beyond the reach and control of
governments whereas the domestic sources can be approached at all times, even though at a higher
cost. The prime example in this case is borrowing from the central bank (referred to as seignorage, or
deficit monetisation).
As for Pakistan, stagnant external flows have implied a higher reliance on domestic funding sources. The
absence of efficient and liquid debt capital markets has meant that the government has been compelled
towards deficit monetization, which runs counter to its stated aim of improving further the debt
dynamics of the country. The vulnerability of debt service charges to interest rate variations increases
with the piling up of shorter maturities in domestic debt. Additionally, extensive government borrowing
may induce inflation through the expansion of money supply.
Despite the dangers of excessive reliance on domestic debt, it is important to note that government
borrowing through domestic sources is vital in stimulating investment and private savings, as well as
strengthening domestic financial markets, since it provides depth and liquidity to the markets.
114
Public Debt
8.2‐1 Outstanding Domestic Debt
Domestic debt is broadly classified as permanent, floating and unfunded debt. As of end March 2010,
the outstanding stock of domestic debt stood at Rs. 4,490.7 billion (See Table‐8.6). During the first nine
months of the current fiscal year 2009‐10, Rs. 630.8 billion was added to the stock that yielded an
overall growth of 16.3 percent in the domestic debt portfolio of the country. The domestic debt to GDP
ratio rose to 30.6 percent by end‐March 2010, an increase of 0.3 percentage points over end‐June 2009,
in response to relatively stable nominal GDP growth.
Table 8.6: Outstanding Domestic Debt, FY05‐FY10*
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10*
(in billions of Rs.)
Permanent Debt 526.3 514.9 562.7 616.9 685.9 779.3
Floating Debt 778.2 940.2 1,107.6 1,637.4 1,903.5 2,299.7
Unfunded Debt 873.2 881.7 940.0 1,020.3 1,270.5 1,411.7
Total 2,177.7 2,336.8 2,610.3 3,274.6 3,859.9 4,490.7
(in percent of GDP)
Permanent Debt 8.1 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.3
Floating Debt 12.0 12.3 12.8 16.0 14.9 15.7
Unfunded Debt 13.4 11.6 10.8 10.0 10.0 9.6
Total 33.5 30.7 30.1 32.0 30.3 30.6
(in percent of Total Debt)
Permanent Debt 24.2 22.0 21.6 18.8 17.8 17.4
Floating Debt 35.7 40.2 42.4 50.0 49.3 51.2
Unfunded Debt 40.1 37.7 36.0 31.2 32.9 31.4
Memo:
GDP (in billion of Rs.) 6,499.8 7,623.2 8,673.0 10,243.0 12,739.0 14,668.0
* : As of end‐March 2010 Source: Budget Wing, MoF
The short‐term nature of domestic debt is evident by an ever increasing share of floating debt in the
total stock. As of end‐March 2010, more than half of the domestic debt is composed of government
debt instruments having tenors of a year or lesser. The contribution of permanent and unfunded debt
has decreased to 17.4 percent and 31.4 percent, in comparison to previous year’s share of 17.8 percent
and 32.9 percent respectively. High dependence on short‐term debt leaves the domestic debt portfolio
exposed to refinancing risk.
8.2‐1(i) Permanent Debt
The permanent debt on account of healthy inflows in Pakistan Investment Bonds (PIBs) to the tune of
Rs. 52.4 billion grew by 13.6 percent. An almost equal addition was jointly contributed by Prize Bonds
(Rs. 27.4 billion) and Ijara Sukuk (Rs. 14.4 billion) during the period under review. Meanwhile, the
government successfully retired the maturing Federal Investment Bonds (FIBs).
The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) conducted four PIB auctions in the ongoing fiscal year with the target of
Rs. 10 billion per auction. The market participated with vigor surpassing the target in almost every
auction. Although Ijara Sukuk (issued in 2008‐09) made a one‐time appearance during the period under
review, this fairly new instrument mobilized enormous funds from the Islamic market. Such a strong
input suggests the untapped potential of the budding Islamic market and calls for a continuation of this
initiative in the years to come.
115
Economic SSurvey 2009‐10
Fig‐8.4: Major Domestic Debt Insttruments FY0
05‐FY10
4,200
3,900
3,600
3,300
3,000
2,700 NSS
(Rs. billion)
2,400
PIBs
2,100
1,800 MRTBs
1,500
1,200 MTBs
900
600
300
0
FY05 FY06 F
FY07 FY0
08 FY09 FY10
Source: Bud
dget Wing, DPC
CO Staff Calculation
8.2‐1(ii) FFloating Debtt
The stockk of floating d debt experien nced the highest growth o of 20.8 percen nt in 2009‐10 0 (July 2009‐M March
2010) am
mong the major categoriess of domesticc debt and ended at Rs. 2,299.7
2 billion as of Marcch 31,
2010. Bullk of this increase is attriibuted to hefty net proceeeds from Market
M Treasuury Bills (MTB Bs) of
about Rs. 311 billion faalling under the ambit of floating debt. The market p preference off governmentt debt
instrumennts, owing to o risk aversio
on and absen nce of privatee sector cred
dit demand, greatly
g assistted in
augmenting the participation in MTTBs auction ovver and above the targeteed amounts.
inflationary pressures, banks have started concentrating on the 3‐months paper. This may disrupt the
ongoing trend of heavy investments in MTBs in future.
8.2‐1(iii) Unfunded debt
The unfunded category of internal debt, composed of NSS instruments, has recorded a modest
expansion of 11.1 percent during the ongoing fiscal year (till March 2010). Special Savings Certificates
attracted Rs. 81.7 billion followed by Bahbood Savings Certificates and Regular Income Scheme. Massive
retirements in Defence Savings Certificates turned the net accrual to a negative Rs. 35 billion during the
period under review.
The Central Directorate of National Savings (CDNS) launched tradable bonds with the name of National
Savings Bonds having maturity of 3, 5 and 10 years in January 2010. The stock of these bonds stood at
Rs. 3.7 billion as of March 31, 2010 with an almost 95 percent concentration in the 3‐year tenor.
The NSS contains a number of instruments with similar features, however targeting different market
segments. Out of eight instruments, three schemes have a 3‐year maturity, four are a 10‐year
instrument and two are a 5‐year instrument. From the incremental borrowing of Rs. 172 billion, Rs. 59
billion or 34.6 percent are generated through Pensioners’ Benefit Account and Bahbood Savings
Certificates carrying very high interest rates (See Table‐8.7).
Table 8.7: National Savings Schemes
Schemes Maturity Quoted Rate Outstanding Variance Percentage
(years) (in percent) 31‐Mar‐10 Mar ‐ Jun Share in Total
(in millions of Rs.) (in percent)
Savings Account 8.50% 15,568 (538) ‐0.31%
Special Savings Account 3 11.67% 118,400 30,750 17.96%
Pensioners' Benefit Account 10 14.16% 124,043 14,163 8.27%
Defence Savings Certificates 10 12.15% 222,156 (35,458) ‐20.71%
Special Savings Certificates 3 11.67% 341,100 52,150 30.46%
Regular Income Certificates 5 12.00% 125,047 34,045 19.89%
Bahbood Savings Certificates 10 14.16% 352,639 45,105 26.35%
National Savings Bonds 3,5,10 12.50% 3,650 3,650 2.13%
Prize Bonds 8.50% 224,765 27,325 15.96%
Total 1,527,367 171,191 100%
Source: CDNS, Budget Wing, MoF and DPCO staff calculations
The embedded put option in most of the schemes under the NSS umbrella can be a potential source of
severe liquidity crisis as a probable rate hike will immediately be capitalized upon in the presence of a
put option facility. Moreover, automatic rollovers, cash accounting and zero coupon in NSS result in
inconsistent fiscal numbers. For instance, the zero coupon DSCs of almost Rs. 80 billion issued in late
1990s did not appear in the budget until they were matured recently in the last three years, hitting the
budget by more than Rs. 400 billion. This cost might have been spread during the 10 year tenor, had
there been an accrual accounting practice prevalent in the CDNS in particular and government in
general.
CDNS was established by the government with the intention of mobilizing savings of retail markets,
however, non bank institutional investment has traditionally dominated this category of unfunded debt.
These institutional investors also invest in wholesale markets and benefit from the interest rate
117
Economic Survey 2009‐10
arbitrage between the two markets.
8.2‐2 Domestic Debt Burden
Interest payments on domestic debt largely reflect the servicing cost on previous stock. The interest
payments for the period of July 2009‐March 2010 aggregated to Rs. 428.5 billion.
Table 8.8: Domestic Debt Burden
Fiscal (in billions of Rs.) Interest Payments as % of
Year Domestic Interest Tax Revenue Total Total Current GDP
Debt Payments Revenue Expenditure Expenditure (mp)
FY05 2,177.7 176.3 26.7 19.6 15.8 18.7 2.7
FY06 2,336.8 202.5 25.2 18.8 14.4 18.1 2.7
FY07 2,610.3 326.9 36.7 25.2 19.5 23.8 3.7
FY08 3,274.6 442.6 42.1 29.5 19.4 23.8 4.3
FY09 3,860.5 580.5 48.2 31.4 22.9 28.4 4.6
FY10* 4,490.7 428.5 41.6 30.6 21.1 24.9 2.9
* : As of end‐March 2010 Source: Budget Wing, MoF
As a percentage of major macroeconomic indicators, interest payments have started deteriorating since
2007‐08. This weakening has meant that payments owing to interest expense have consumed a major
chunk of limited budgetary resources in the past few years. Additionally, this trend indicates that
interest payments have emerged as the largest component of current expenditure in the fiscal account.
In continuation of this trend, interest payments on domestic debt in proportion to tax revenue
amounted to 41.6 percent in the first nine months of 2009‐10. 30.6 percent of the total revenues have
been used to pay off the interest due on internal debt. Similarly, the share of interest expenditure on
domestic currency debt in total and current expenditures has become 21.1 percent and 24.9 percent
respectively. The ratio of interest payments to projected GDP has depicted a slight improvement during
July 2009‐March 2010, decreasing from 4.6 percent in 2008‐09 to 2.9 percent as of March 31, 2010 (See
Table‐8.8).
8.3 External Debt & Liabilities
Pakistan’s external debt and liabilities (EDL) include all foreign currency debt contracted by the public
and private sector, as well as foreign exchange liabilities of the Central Bank. EDL has been dominated
by public sector external debt due to a chronic current account deficit and substantial foreign financing
through loans from multilateral and bilateral donors. Public sector external debt includes financing for
Balance of Payments support as well as foreign currency financing of the budget deficit. Debt obligations
of the private sector are fairly limited and have been a minor proportion of EDL. The explicit
concessional terms of loans (low cost and long tenors) contracted with international financial
institutions or donor countries have concealed the inherent capital loss associated with foreign currency
debt to some extent. On the contrary, after accounting for the exchange rate loss, foreign currency
loans from multilateral and bilateral donors are contracted at a lower rate as compared to domestic
currency debt (an average cost differential of approximately 1.1 percent over the last 19 years).
Consequently, government has historically remained favourable in terms of borrowing through these
channels given the macroeconomic importance of foreign financing flows in Pakistan.
8.3‐1 Outstanding External Debt & Liabilities
During the first nine months of the current fiscal year 2009‐10, Pakistan’s external debt and liabilities
118
Public Debt
increased by US$ 2 billion or 3.8 percent. The outstanding stock as of end‐March FY10 stood at US$ 54
billion as opposed to US$ 52 billion at the end of FY09. In absolute terms, the first three quarters of FY10
have witnessed the lowest increase in the stock of EDL during the last three years.
Table 8.9: Pakistan: External Debt and Liabilities (In billions of U.S. dollars)
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10*
1. Public and Publically Guaranteed Debt 31.1 32.8 35.3 40.2 42.2 42.4
A. Medium and Long Term(>1 year) 30.8 32.6 35.3 39.5 41.6 41.8
Paris Club 13.0 12.8 12.7 13.9 14.0 14.0
Multilateral 15.4 16.8 18.7 21.6 23.1 23.2
Other Bilateral 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 2.0 2.5
Euro Bonds/Saindak Bonds 1.3 1.9 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.6
Military Debt 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2
Commercial Loans/Credits 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3
B. Short Term (<1 year) 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.6
IDB 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.6
2. Private Non‐Guaranteed Debt (>1 year) 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.9 3.3 3.2
3. IMF 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 5.1 7.2
of which Central Govt. 1.1
Monetary Authorities 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 5.1 6.1
Total External Debt (1 through 3) 34.0 35.9 39.0 44.5 50.7 52.7
(of which) Public Debt 31.1 32.8 35.3 40.2 42.2 43.5
4. Foreign Exchange Liabilities 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.2
Total External Debt & Liabilities (1 through 4) 35.4 37.2 40.3 46.2 52.0 53.9
(of which) Public Debt 32.1 33.8 36.5 40.7 42.2 43.5
Official Liquid Reserves 9.8 10.8 13.3 8.7 9.5 11.2
(In percent of GDP)
Total External Debt (1 through 3) 31.1 28.2 27.3 27.0 31.3 30.4
1. Public and Publically Guaranteed Debt 28.4 25.8 24.7 24.5 26.0 24.4
A. Medium and Long Term(>1 year) 28.1 25.6 24.7 24.0 25.6 24.1
B. Short Term (<1 year) 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.3
3. IMF 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 3.2 4.1
4. Foreign Exchange Liabilities 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7
Total External Debt & Liabilities (1 through 4) 32.3 29.2 28.2 28.1 32.0 31.1
Official Liquid Reserves 9.0 8.5 9.3 5.3 5.9 6.4
Memo:
GDP (in billions of Rs.) 6,500 7,623 8,673 10,243 12,739 14,668
Exchange Rate (Rs./US$, Period Avg.) 59.4 59.9 60.6 62.5 78.5 84.5
Exchange Rate (Rs./US$, EOP) 59.7 60.2 60.6 67.3 81.0 84.4
GDP (in billions of US dollars) 109.5 127.4 143.0 164.5 162.3 173.6
* : end‐March'10 Source: SBP, EAD and DPCO staff calculations
Positive developments in the trade balance, stable and robust workers’ remittances, and the relative
strength of the U.S dollar against other international currencies have assisted in limiting the growth of
EDL. However, lack of foreign currency financing flows has also played a part in the constrained growth
of EDL, with the burden of deficit financing shifting to domestic sources.
Following is a break‐up of the developments in the various categories of EDL:
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Economic Survey 2009‐10
8.3‐1(i) Public and Publically Guaranteed External Debt
Public and Publically guaranteed (PPG) debt consists of Table 8.10: Composition of EDL*, FY10
all loans and bonds contracted by the government, or Component Percent
in which the government is a guarantor. These include; Public & Publically Guaranteed 78.5%
medium and long‐term obligations from multilateral Paris Club 26.0%
and bilateral creditors, Pakistani Sovereign bonds, Multilateral 43.0%
military, and commercial debt; and short‐term debt Other Bilateral 4.6%
which is contracted mostly through the Islamic Short Term 1.1%
Development Bank. The outstanding stock of medium Other 3.8%
and long‐term debt remained fairly stagnant during the Private Non‐Guaranteed 5.9%
first three quarters of FY10, registering a net increase IMF 13.4%
of US$ 200 million to stand at US$ 41.8 billion by end‐ Foreign Exchange Liabilities 2.3%
March FY10. Multilateral debt, which is the single Memo:
largest component of Pakistan’s EDL, did not witness Total EDL (In billions of US$) 53.9
any significant changes during the period under review. * EDL: External Debt & Liabilities
The project‐based nature of loans contracted under Source: DPCO staff calculations
this category hinges on Pakistan’s ability to instill
project efficiency. Also, limited access to increased avenues of multi‐lateral financing has meant that the
increase in multilateral debt has been limited to US$ 100 million.
The second largest portion of PPG debt is contracted from bilateral sources which include Paris Club
donors as well as other countries outside the Paris Club. While no net change was witnessed in the
outstanding stock of Paris Club debt, net inflows from other‐bilateral sources amounted to US$ 500
million by end‐March FY10 mostly on account of US$ 200 million budget support made available
through the Saudi Fund for Development.
Other major developments in the outstanding stock of PPG debt include the repayment of US$ 600
million International Sukuk Bond in January 2010. The overall lack of increase in the stock of PPG debt,
although encouraging, signals limited access to foreign currency debt creating flows from multilateral
and bilateral sources. The dearth of such financing flows has meant that the Government has had to rely
on disbursements under the IMF SBA and issuance of domestic debt to meet its financing requirements.
Going forward, with repayments to the IMF beginning in FY12, access to concessional financing from
multilateral and bilateral sources must be secured. Increased efficiency with regards to project delivery
will assist in augmenting these funding sources.
8.3‐1(ii) IMF Debt
Similar to FY09, foreign currency debt flows during the year have been dominated by disbursements
under the IMF SBA. The third disbursement of SDR 766.7 million (US$ 1.2 Billion) was made on August 7,
2009 followed by a fourth disbursement of the same amount on December 23, 2009. The recently
disbursed tranches contain an element of budgetary support as opposed to the strictly BoP support
nature of previous tranches. The outstanding stock of IMF debt now stands at US$ 7.2 billion as opposed
to US$ 5.1 billion at the end of FY09, growing by approximately 40 percent. Out of this outstanding
amount, US$ 1,083 million is for the purpose of budgetary support, while the remainder is being used to
strengthen the country’s Balance of Payments. The latest tranche of approximately US$ 1.13 billion
dollars was received on May 19, 2010.
120
Public Debt
8.3‐1(iii) Private Non‐Guaranteed Debt and Foreign Exchange Liabilities
Private non‐guaranteed debt by end‐March FY10 stood at US$ 3.16 billion, decreasing by US$ 200
million or 5.5 percent in the first three quarters. Out of this amount, US$ 137 million is for private non
guaranteed bonds while the remainder consists of loans. It is worth noting that substantial private
sector debt plays a key role in the fears of a debt crisis looming over developed countries, specially the
Euro zone. The exposure of Pakistan’s private sector to external debt is limited, thus reducing the
vulnerability of the overall debt stock. Foreign Exchange Liabilities, which mostly consist of Central Bank
Deposits, remained fairly stable, with the outstanding stock decreasing by a marginal amount of US$ 100
million.
8.3‐2 Commitments and Disbursements of External Debt
There has been a significant change in the pattern of commitments for project and non‐project aid. The
share of project aid was 35.9 percent during 2008‐09, which increased to 67 percent by end‐March
2010. Unlike previous years, the share of project aid in total commitments has increased during current
financial year.
Commitments of foreign economic assistance were $6,388 million during 2008‐09, while total
commitments amounted to $4,730 million during the first nine months of the current fiscal year i.e.,
July‐March, 2009‐10. About 66 percent of total commitments during July‐March 2009‐10 were in the
shape of project aid while the remaining comprised non‐project aid. The share of BOP/Budgetary
support in total non‐project aid was 17.8 percent, Tokyo Pledges 7.1 percent and IDB (ST) 6.9 percent.
Disbursement of foreign economic assistance during 2008‐09 was $4,688 million and $2,135 million
during July‐March, 2009‐10. During July‐March 2009‐10, disbursements of $2134.8 million were for
different purposes like Programme‐loans/Budgetary Support ($561.3 million), Project Aid ($700.1
million), short Term Credits i.e. Trade Financing ($321.7 million), Earthquake Reconstruction &
Rehabilitation ($140.0 million), Tokyo Pledges ($358.0 million), IDPs ($51.5 million), and Afghan
Refugees Relief Assistance ($2.3 million). A summarized table of commitments and disbursements of
foreign economic assistance is given in Table 8.11.
Table 8.11: Commitments and Disbursements, FY10* (US $ millions)
Particulars Commitments Disbursements
2008‐09 2009‐10 2008‐09 2009‐10
(July‐March) (P) (July‐March) (P)
Amount % Share Amount % Share Amount % Share Amount % Share
I. Project Aid 2,296 35.9 3,175 67.1 1,272 27.1 840.1 39.3
II. Non‐project Aid 4,092 64.1 1,555 32.9 3,415 72.8 1,295 60.7
a) Non‐Food 125 2 0 0 175 3.7 0 0
b) Food Aid 18 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0
c) Budgetary 3,350 52.4 1,229 26 2,582 55.1 971 45.5
Support / (BOP)
d) IDB (ST) 597 9.3 324 6.8 656 14 322 15.1
e) Afghan R.R.A. 2 0 2.2 0 2 0 2.2 0.1
Total (I + II) 6,388 100 4,730 100 4,688 100 2135 100
* As of end‐March 2010 Source: Economic Affairs Division
121
Economic Survey 2009‐10
8.3‐3 Translational Impact during 2009‐10
While the stock consists of various currencies, for all Table 8.12: Historical Translational Impact
intents and purposes the Pakistan’s External Debt Year Translational
exposure is 100 percent dollarized, i.e. all loan (Loss)/Gain*
proceeds are converted into Pak Rupees at the time 1993 8
of disbursement and no exchange cover is arranged. 1994 (881)
1995 (1,729)
This effectively means that the external debt 1996 2,485
portfolio is vulnerable to the movement of US Dollar 1997 911
exchange rate vis‐à‐vis other currencies and rupee 1998 1,683
exchange rate vis‐à‐vis USD. As Pak Rupee is not an 1999 (685)
internationally traded currency, the other currencies 2000 (467)
are bought and sold via selling and buying of USD. 2001 2,463
Historically, Pakistan has suffered significant losses 2002 (1,833)
2003 (1,437)
(increase in debt stock due to currency movements
2004 (1,541)
2005 253
as opposed to increased inflows). Since 1993,
2006 (197)
Pakistan has suffered an average translational loss of
2007 (67)
approximately US$ 248 million per year. However,
2008 (3,121)
the magnitude of these losses has been more 2009 (53)
significant since 2000‐01, with a peak of US$ 3.1 2010** 242
billion in translational losses suffered in 2007‐08. It is Average Loss Per Year (220.3)
important to note that even in years where * : Estimated, ** :As of end‐March 2010
translational losses have been limited, Pakistan has Note: Due to unavailability of detailed data the
not been able to capitalize on favourable currency composition is assumed to be constant for
movements in international currency markets. years before 2007.
Furthermore, these figures only measure the losses Source: DPCO staff calculations
caused by movements in US Dollar vs. Third currency
and not losses caused by appreciation of the dollar against the Pak Rupee.
The relative strength of the dollar against the Euro, Yen, and Pound Sterling has had a positive impact on
Pakistan’s EDL. During the first nine months of FY10, Pakistan witnessed a translational gain of
approximately US$ 242 million. Sharp appreciation of the dollar against these major international
currencies caused a reduction in the USD equivalent of Pakistan’s foreign currency public debt of
approximately US$ 924 million in the third quarter of FY10 alone. Going forward, continuing fears of
high levels of debt in the Euro zone are likely to maintain the relative strength of the dollar. However,
the historic losses due to international exchange rate movements underline the need for a
comprehensive currency hedging framework to be put in place. In this regard, the Debt Management
Committee has undertaken the formulation of a strategy to hedge the market risk inherent in Pakistan’s
external debt portfolio.
8.3‐4 External Debt Servicing
Servicing of external debt and liabilities during the first nine months of FY10 amounted to US$ 4.3
billion. Out of this amount, US$ 3.6 billion was for principal repayments during the period, while the
interest cost on external debt and liabilities reached US$ 771 million. When compared to a stock of
approximately US$ 55.2 billion at the end of FY09, the relatively smaller amount of interest payments
122
Public Debt
made during the first three quarters of FY10 signal Table 8.13: Pakistan's External Debt Servicing ($millions)
towards the concessional nature of most of the Years Actual Amount Total
foreign loans contracted by Pakistan. The bulk of the Amount Paid Rolled Over
servicing, approximately 63 percent, was on behalf of FY05 2,783 1,300 4,083
FY06 2,896 1,300 4,196
public and publically guaranteed debt, with foreign
FY07 2,870 1,300 4,170
exchange liabilities and private non‐guaranteed debt FY08 3,122 1,200 4,322
making up a small portion of the total servicing FY09 4,728 1,600 6,328
amount. Principal repayments of public and publically FY10* 4,346 1,023 5,369
guaranteed external debt also include the US$ 600 * As of end‐March 2010 Source: SBP
million repayment of the International Sukuk Bond in January 2010.
8.3‐5 External Debt Burden and Sustainability Indicators
To attain a holistic picture of the burden placed by external debt on the economy, historical changes in
the burden, and to ascertain future direction and threats to the sustainability of the debt stock, an
analysis of ratios linking levels of debt and debt servicing to macroeconomic fundamentals, specifically
of the external account of the economy is mandatory. Managing the levels of external debt, and the
risks associated with them pose policy makers with a different set of challenges. While EDL expressed as
a percentage of GDP might be a common means of measuring the indebtedness of an economy,
repayment capacity is more accurately captured through expressing the levels of debt as a percentage
of the economy’s foreign exchange earnings and reserves. Additionally, analysis of the current account
deficit provides important clues as to the future direction of the external debt path. A nil current
account deficit before interest payment and higher growth in Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) compared
to the interest rate paid on EDL will ensure a decline in EDL burden over time.
Table 8.14: External Debt Sustainability Indicators, FY05‐FY10*
FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10*
EDL/GDP 32.30% 29.20% 28.20% 28.10% 32.00% 31.10%
EDL/FER 2.8 2.8 2.7 4.0 4.1 3.6
EDL/FEE 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5
EDL Service/FEE 15.3% 13.5% 12.8% 11.7% 17.3% 11.8%
Non‐Interest Current Account Deficit ‐2.9% 0.5% 2.9% 3.8% 7.1% 4.4%
STD/EDL 0.8% 0.5% 0.1% 1.5% 1.3% 1.1%
Growth in EDL 1.8% 5.1% 8.3% 14.6% 14.3% 2.3%
Growth in FEE 21.1% 16.3% 5.3% 13.0% ‐4.2% 3.2%
* : Debt Stock as of end‐March 2010, FEE end of year projection
FEE=Foreign Exchange Earnings, STD= Short‐Term Debt, FER=Foreign Exchange Reserves
Source: DPCO Staff Calculations
In spite of a marginal increase in the stock of EDL in the first three quarters of FY10, EDL as a percentage
of GDP has declined to 31.1 percent; a reduction of 100 bps in nine months. However, as the figure of
EDL is for end‐March 2010, and the GDP is projected for the whole year, a slight increase in this indicator
is expected in Q4FY10. Historically, Pakistan has had very limited reliance on short‐term external debt,
thereby reducing the refinancing risk to the country’s debt stock. By end‐March FY10, STD declined to
1.1 percent of total EDL as opposed to 1.3 percent in FY09.
An overall improvement in the external account, coupled with limited foreign currency debt creating
flows, has led to a decline in the general external indebtedness of the country. A marginal decrease in
EDL/FER reflects the recent consolidation of foreign exchange reserves, and a general improvement of
123
Economic Survey 2009‐10
the country’s repayment capacity. Growth in exports and robust workers’ remittances has led to a
reduction in EDL and EDL service as percentages of FEE. If such performance is sustained with regards to
exports and current transfers, the repayment burden on the economy will be significantly lessened. A
reduction in the non‐interest current account deficit also eases pressures on the debt portfolio going
forward. However, the presence of a chronic non‐interest current account deficit needs to be addressed
to ensure sustainability of the external debt stock, particularly in light of a rebound in international
commodity prices.
Although Pakistan’s stock of outstanding External Debt consists mostly of long‐term concessional rate
loans from multilateral and bilateral donors, the addition of the IMF SBA which includes tranches with a
shorter repayment horizon and relatively higher interest rates has skewed the maturity profile of the
debt portfolio. The majority of repayments are to be made in the period 2011‐2025.
8.3‐6 International Capital Markets
Access to international debt capital markets has been employed by many emerging market economies
successfully. Although the cost is higher than the concessional financing provided by multi‐lateral
institutions and the risk of adverse impact from currency movements remains, borrowing from global
capital markets is seen as a vital step in the development of financial markets domestically and in setting
a benchmark for sovereign paper.
Table 8.15: Performance of Pakistan’s Sovereign Issues (as of May 18, 2010)
Issuer Maturity Amount Coupon Spread over
(US$ million) (%) UST (bps)
Islamic Republic of Pakistan Mar 31, 2016 500 7.125 544
Islamic Republic of Pakistan Jun 1, 2017 750 6.875 541
Source: JP Morgan
Pakistan has successfully tapped the international markets in the past. The sovereign issues of 2016 and
2017 are currently trading at 544 bps and 541 bps over UST (as of May 18, 2010) respectively. This
shows that the yawning spreads have recovered sharply only recently in response to a gradual recovery
in the international capital markets.
Fig‐8.5: Performance of Pakistan Sovereign Issues against EMBI+
140
120
100
80
60
40 Pakistan 6.875% due 2017 Price
Pakistan 7.125% due 2016 Price
20
EMBIPLUS ESP Price
0
2‐Jul‐07 2‐Jan‐08 2‐Jul‐08 2‐Jan‐09 2‐Jul‐09 2‐Jan‐10
Source: JP Morgan
124
Public Debt
The fiscal year 2009‐10 was characterized by the repayment of a maturing International Ijara Sukuk
Bond worth US$ 600 million due on 27 January, 2010 with no new issue. Pakistan does not consider this
foray a viable option in the short‐term given the still high yields on the existing issues. However, it is
important to keep the investor base intact. The trend in the performance of Pakistan sovereign issues is
nearly in line with the Emerging Markets Bond Index Plus (See Figure‐8.5). The 2016 and 2017 issues
have fared well in the recent months owing to some stability on the domestic horizon due to
government’s consistent efforts to put the economy back on track. Pakistan plans to continue accessing
international markets, though opportunistically, so that the presence of Pakistani paper in these
markets remains visible.
125
TABLE 8.1
Permanent Debt 349,212 424,767 468,768 570,009 526,179 514,879 562,540 616,766 685,939 779,182 13.6
Floating Debt 737,776 557,807 516,268 542,943 778,163 940,233 1,107,655 1,637,370 1,903,487 2,299,737 20.8
Un-funded Debt 712,010 792,137 909,500 914,597 873,248 881,706 940,007 1,020,379 1,270,513 1,411,690 11.1
Total 1,798,998 1,774,711 1,894,536 2,027,549 2,177,590 2,336,818 2,610,202 3,274,515 3,859,939 4,490,609 16.3
Total Debt as % of GDP (mp) 42.7 39.9 38.9 35.9 33.5 30.7 30.1 32.0 30.3 30.6
* : End-March 2010 Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division
TABLE 8.2
PUBLIC AND PUBLICLY GUARANTEED MEDIUM AND LONG TERM EXTERNAL DEBT DISBURSED
AND OUTSTANDING AS ON 31-03-2010
Debt Outstanding
Country/Creditor
as on 31-03-2010
Public and Publicly Guaranteed Debt (I+II+III+IV) 41,640
i) MULTILATERAL 23,221
ADB 11,068
IBRD 1,707
IDA 9,831
Other 616
EIB 63
IDB 319
IFAD 187
NORD. DEV. FUND 15
NORD. I. BANK 7
OPEC FUND 23
ii) BILATERAL 16,572
a) Paris Club Countries 14,017
AUSTRIA 67
BELGIUM 34
CANADA 531
FINLAND 6
FRANCE 2,178
GERMANY 1,824
ITALY 105
JAPAN 6,674
KOREA 476
NETHERLANDS 117
NORWAY 21
RUSSIA 121
SPAIN 80
SWEDEN 153
SWITZERLAND 106
UNITED KINGDOM 10
UNITED STATES 1,514
b) Non Paris Club Countries 2,555
BAHRAIN -
CHINA 1,882
KUWAIT 105
LIBYA 5
SAUDI ARABIA 442
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 121
iii) BONDS 1,572
iv) COMMERCIAL BANKS 275
Source: Economic Affairs Division
TABLE 8.3
DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS OF FOREIGN MEDIUM AND LONG TERM LOANS (Paid in foreign exchange)
(US $ million)
2009-10
Fiscal Year Kind 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(Jul-Mar)
DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS OF FOREIGN MEDIUM AND LONG TERM LOANS (Paid in foreign exchange)
(US $ million)
2009-10
Fiscal Year Kind 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
(Jul-Mar)
III. MULTILATERAL
Principal 247.044 241.442 265.981 1370.429 245.272 236.757 261.303 330.746 290.259 355.887
1 ADB
Interest 151.188 151.668 172.738 179.919 75.061 74.020 89.089 119.058 97.158 87.2
Principal 227.914 233.789 249.499 287.173 322.704 294.377 273.293 296.781 243.627 198.325
2 IBRD
Interest 153.780 132.161 110.541 94.797 77.419 99.280 110.839 111.589 64.652 29.451
Principal 66.534 72.592 83.452 97.926 112.724 118.566 127.293 143.618 126.149 133.739
3 IDA
Interest 27.935 30.054 39.885 45.063 51.049 50.918 59.761 73.878 64.170 70.773
Principal 7.685 7.354 7.504 7.712 7.962 7.468 8.362 8.413 7.188 6.798
4 IFAD
Interest 2.206 1.996 1.751 2.106 2.043 1.802 1.827 1.951 1.433 1.307
Principal 23.246 23.083 9.679 3.208 2.956 3.504 4.066 6.942 4.544 5.734
5 IDB
Interest 3.955 2.061 1.046 0.731 0.612 0.795 1.690 3.726 4.126 3.359
Principal 8.3 270.712 271.712 25.000 791.501 349.923
6 IDB (ST)
Interest 0.243 11.039 12.039 22.866 28.026 12.406
Principal 572.423 578.260 616.115 1766.448 699.918 931.384 946.029 811.500 1463.268 1050.406
TOTAL (III)
Interest 339.064 317.940 325.961 322.616 206.427 237.854 275.245 333.068 259.565 204.496
IV. DEVELOPMENT FUNDS
Principal 1.918 2.023 2.232 2.375 2.519 2.442 2.482 2.562 1.281 0.749
1 NORDIC
Interest 2.087 1.065 0.723 0.565 0.685 0.917 1.007 0.875 0.281 0.119
Principal 8.003 6.597 6.504 5.178 4.800 4.561 4.204 4.935 2.849 2.848
2 OPEC Fund
Interest 0.749 0.754 0.707 0.595 0.546 0.591 0.571 0.495 0.387 0.502
Principal 0.000 0.000 9.959 0.000 12.900 25.800 12.900 0.000 0.000
3 Turkey (EXIM Bank)
Interest 5.981 2.514 0.388 0.000 1.875 2.776 0.648 0.000 0.000
Principal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.637 0.679 1.345 2.094 2.600 1.583 4.204
4 E.I. Bank
Interest 0.254 0.234 0.939 1.722 2.592 3.324 4.262 3.847 1.626 0.983
Standard charted Principal 50.000
4
Bank Interest 3.170
Principal 9.921 8.620 18.695 8.190 20.898 34.148 21.680 10.097 5.713 57.801
TOTAL (IV)
Interest 9.071 4.567 2.757 2.882 5.698 7.608 6.488 5.217 2.294 4.774
V. GLOBAL BONDS
Principal 0.200 0.000 155.458 155.459 155.458 155.459 0.000 0.000 500.000 600
1 Euro Bonds
Interest 62.685 62.340 62.023 39.181 57.644 91.561 145.000 207.667 151.439 106.259
Principal 7.716 4.526 0 0 0 0 4.527 4.527 0.000
2 Saindak Bonds
Interest 1.533 6.544 0 0 0 0 0.282 0.282 0.000
Principal 21.903 21.903 21.903 21.903 21.903 0 21.903 21.903 21.963 21.903
3 US Dollar Bonds (NHA
Interest 16.573 7.118 4.594 3.326 4.414 0 5.684 5.684 3.680 1.485
Principal 29.819 26.429 177.361 177.362 177.361 155.459 26.43 26.43 521.963 621.903
TOTAL (V)
Interest 80.791 76.002 66.617 42.507 62.058 91.561 150.966 213.633 155.119 107.744
Principal 996.511 766.021 961.069 2497.945 1048.787 1400.880 1258.698 1106.288 2122.011 1888.673
TOTAL (I+II+III+IV+V)
Interest 659.763 526.610 609.497 700.034 659.909 699.531 805.560 932.179 683.221 534.166
Total 1656.274 1292.631 1570.566 3197.979 1708.696 2100.411 2064.258 2038.467
VI. OTHERS
Principal 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.111 2.945 2.979 3.016 2.988 3.022
1 NBP's
Interest 0.000 0.000 0.870 0.866 0.981 1.118 1.077 0.804 0.335 0.142
Principal 5.130 3.195 9.585 6.245 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 Bank of Indosuez
Interest 2.262 0.975 1.012 0.213 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Principal 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.286 4.286 0.000 0.000 4.286 3.571
3 NBP Bahrain
Interest 0.000 8.500 1.410 0.621 0.983 0.469 0.000 0.474 0.111
Principal 2.500 2.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 4.286 4.286 0.000 0.021
4 ANZ Bank
Interest 1.392 1.535 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.552 0.856 6.657 4.048
Principal 16.280 16.280 17.280 16.280 66.28 116.279
5 Cash (ST)
Interest 7.416 10.370 11.370 9.105 5.766 2.849
Principal 0
6 IMF
Interest 13.379
Principal 7.6 5.7 9.6 15.5 23.7 23.5 24.5 23.6 72.9 119.3
TOTAL (VI)
Interest 3.7 11.0 3.3 1.7 9.4 12.5 13.3 17.0 10.3 16.4
Principal 1004.141 771.716 970.654 2513.476 1072.464 1424.391 1283.243 1129.870 2194.871 2007.974
Total (I+II+III+IV+V+VI)
Interest 663.417 537.620 612.789 701.734 669.289 712.040 818.863 949.219 693.481 550.536
Grand Total (P+I) 1667.558 1309.336 1583.443 3215.210 1741.753 2136.431 2102.106 2079.089 2888.352 2558.510
TABLE 8.6
III Multilateral
1. ADB 2.8 1.5 175.0 5.0
2. EEC / EU 5.4 68.7 21.2 1.2 58.1 25.2 66.5
3. Islamic Development Bank 0.4 0.3 0.3
4. IDA 75.2 0.8 0.3 51.7 1.5 9.1 0.1 5.5
5. IBRD 0.5 1.0 1.0 10.1 0.5
6. UN and Specialised Agencies - - - - - -
7. UNDP Special Grant 35.9 55.6 27.4 11.4 20.8 3.9 1.9 2.5 1.4
8. World Food Programme 26.6 111.0
9. UNFPA 3.2 5.9
Sub-Total (III) 114.8 67.0 130.3 43.3 73.7 116.4 177.4 74.7 1.5 30.7 66.5
C. Multilateral:
1. IBRD - - - - 53.0 340.0 319.0 100.0 173.4
2. IDA 88.5 347.6 833.5 268.0 691.0 601.8 1166.4 912.0 259.1 1529.0 508.4
3. ADB 51.8 409.0 860.0 878.0 879.0 725.2 835.0 1443.3 1436.4 1760.0 151.7
4. IFAD 17.4 14.2 22.2 54.0 - 36.4 18.8
5. European Investment Bank 50.0 149.5
6. OPEC Fund 10.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 5.1 66.0
7. IDB 44.0 17.0 8.0 121.0 200.0 224.0 288.0 140.0
9. KPC 324.4
10. IDB (ST) 284.0 469.0 332.0 47.0 350.0 115.0 425.0 353.0 597.0
Sub-Total (C) 424.2 1,297.0 2,066.7 1,208.0 2,045.2 1,790.0 2,495.4 3,090.3 2,314.0 4,413.4 1,292.8
Grand-Total (A+B+C) 1,008.1 1,389.4 2,679.2 1,352.2 2,070.2 2,281.9 3,079.6 3,515.7 3,174.5 5,779.4 3,481.5
Source : Economic Affairs Division