Blu ray technology

Mohankumarreddy.p N.Vishnumurthy
Csit 3rd year csit 3rd year

G.PULLAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

(AUTONOMOUS),
KURNOOL.
Abstract ray Discs to hold 25GB/50GB. This
Blu-Ray is a new extra capacity combined with the use
generation, high capacity and speed of advanced video and audio codecs
data storage technology. It is will offer consumers an unprecedented
supported by several industry leading HD experience.
companies and has a bright future Sony has
according to professionals. released 50GB recordable BDs and
The name Blu- will soon be releasing 50GB BD media
ray Disc (BD) is derived from the discs.
blue-violet laser it uses to read and
write to the disc. A Blu-ray. While What is Blu ray technology?
current optical disc technologies such
as DVD, DVD±R, DVD±RW, and Blu-ray, also
DVD-RAM rely on a red laser to read known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the
and write data, the new format uses a name of a next-generation optical disc
blue-violet laser instead, hence the format jointly developed by the Blu-
name Blu-ray. Despite the different ray Disc Association (BDA), a group
type of lasers used, Blu-ray products of the world's leading consumer
can easily be made backwards electronics, personal computer and
compatible with CDs and DVDs media manufacturers (including Apple,
through the use of a BD/DVD/CD Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG,
compatible optical pickup unit. Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer,
The benefit of Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK
using a blue-violet laser (405nm) is and Thomson).
that it has a shorter wavelength than a The format was
red laser (650nm), which makes it developed to enable recording,
possible to focus the laser spot with rewriting and playback of high-
even greater precision. This allows definition video (HD), as well as
data to be packed more tightly and storing large amounts of data. The
stored in less space, so it's possible to format offers more than five times the
fit more data on the disc even though storage capacity of traditional DVDs
it's the same size as a CD/DVD. This and can hold up to 25GB on a single-
together with the change of numerical layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer
aperture to 0.85 is what enables Blu- disc
Why the name Blu-ray?

The name Blu-ray is derived from the

underlying technology, which utilizes
a blue-violet laser to read and write
data. The name is a combination of
"Blue" (blue-violet laser) and "Ray"
(optical ray). According to the Blu-ray
Disc Association the spelling of "Blu-
ray" is not a mistake; the character "e"
was intentionally left out so the term
could be registered as a trademark.
Media type: High-density optical
disc A
blank rewritable Blu-ray disc (a BD-
Encoding: MPEG-2, MPEG-4
RE)
AVC (H.264), and
VC-1
Mechanism of blu ray tech
Capacity: 25 GB (single
layer), 50 GB (dual
 Building of blu ray disc
layer)

Read 1x@36 Mbit/s &

mechanism: 2x@72 Mbit/s

Developed Blu-ray Disc

by: Association

Usage: Data storage, High-

definition video and
PlayStation 3 Games
 Blu-ray discs are
better armed than current DVDs.
They come equipped with a secure
encryption system -- a unique ID
that protects against video piracy
and copyright infringement. Blu-
ray discs are better armed than
current DVDs. They come
equipped with a secure encryption
system -- a unique ID that protects
against video piracy and copyright
infringement.

Each Blu-ray disc is

about the same thickness (1.2
millimeters) as a DVD. But the two
types of discs store data differently. In
a DVD, the data is sandwiched
between two polycarbonate layers, The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-
each 0.6-mm thick. Having a reading issues by placing the data on
polycarbonate layer on top of the data top of a 1.1-mm-thick polycarbonate
can cause a problem called layer. Having the data on top prevents
birefringence, in which the substrate birefringence and therefore prevents
layer refracts the laser light into two readability problems. And, with the
separate beams. If the beam is split too recording layer sitting closer to the
widely, the disc cannot be read. Also, objective lens of the reading
if the DVD surface is not exactly flat, mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is
and is therefore not exactly virtually eliminated. Because the data
perpendicular to the beam, it can lead is closer to the surface, a hard coating
to a problem known as disc tilt, in is placed on the outside of the disc to
which the laser beam is distorted. All protect it from scratches and
of these issues lead to a very involved fingerprints.
manufacturing process.
 The design of the  Phase change implies that the
Blu-ray discs saves on manufacturing disc section is either an
costs. Traditional DVDs are built by amorphous or crystalline state.
injection molding the two 0.6-mm The reflectivity changes
discs between which the recording accordingly thus representing a
layer is sandwiched. The process must binary bit.
be done very carefully to prevent  Diagram
birefringence.

1. The two discs are

molded.
2. The recording layer
is added to one of the
discs.
3. The two discs are
glued together.

Blu-ray discs only do the injection-

molding process on a single 1.1-mm
disc, which reduces cost. That savings
balances out the cost of adding the
protective layer, so the end price is no
more than the price of a regular
DVD.

Dual layer

 The power conservation allows

the development of multi-layer
platforms and high-speed
recording
 BD-ROM: read-only format
BD-R and BD-RE: recordable
formats (RE: rewritable; R:
 How Blu-ray Reads Data
recordable once)
 Discs store
digitally encoded video and audio
information in pits -- spiral grooves
that run from the center of the disc to
its edges. A laser reads the other side
of these pits -- the bumps -- to play the
movie or program that is stored on the
DVD. The more data that is contained
on a disc, the smaller and more closely
packed the pits must be. The smaller
the pits (and therefore the bumps), the
more precise the reading laser must be.
Unlike
current DVDs, which use a red laser
to read and write data, Blu-ray uses a
blue laser (which is where the format
gets its name). A blue laser has a
shorter wavelength (405
nanometers) than a red laser (650
nanometers). The smaller beam
focuses more precisely, enabling it to
read information recorded in pits that
are only 0.15 microns (µm) (1 micron
= 10-6 meters) long -- this is more than
twice as small as the pits on a DVD.
Plus, Blu-ray has reduced the track
pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32
microns.Numerical aperature
measures the ability of a lens to gather
and focus light. As the numerical
aperture increases, the focusing power
increases and the beam size decreases.
The smaller pits, smaller beam and
shorter track pitch together enable a
single-layer Blu-ray disc to hold more
than 25 GB of information -- about
five times the amount of information
that can be stored on a DVD.
 What Blu-ray formats are
planned?
As with conventional
CDs and DVDs, Blu-ray plans to
provide a wide range of formats
including ROM/R/RW. The following
formats are part of the Blu-ray Disc
specification:
BD-ROM - read-only format for
distribution of HD movies, games,
software, etc.
BD-R - recordable format for HD
video recording and PC data storage.
BD-RE - rewritable format for HD
video recording and PC data storage.
How much video can you fit on a
Blu-ray disc?
Over 9 hours of high-
definition (HD) video on a 50GB
disc.
About 23 hours of standard-
definition (SD) video on a 50GB
disc. Over two hours of HDTV can
be placed on a single layer BD,
which correlates to over 13 hours
for standard TV. At 1x speed, it
 takes approximately 1.5 hours to
record an entire single layer BD
How fast can you read/write data on
a Blu-ray disc?
Disc Association (BDA) already has
plans to raise the speed to 8x
(288Mbps) or more in the future.

Comparison between cd, DVD and

Blu-ray also has a higher
blu-ray
data transfer rate -- 36 Mbps
(megabits per second) -- than today's
DVDs, which transfer at 10 Mbps. A
Blu-ray disc can record 25 GB of
material in just over an hour and a half.

According to the Blu-ray

Disc specification, 1x speed is defined
as 36Mbps. However, as BD-ROM
movies will require a 54Mbps data
transfer rate the minimum speed we're
expecting to see is 2x (72Mbps). Blu-
ray also has the potential for much Just as DVD meant a five to 10 times

higher speeds, as a result of the larger increase in storage capacity compared

numerical aperture (NA) adopted by to CD, Blu-ray Disc represents an

Blu-ray Disc. The large NA value increase over DVD capacity by five to

effectively means that Blu-ray will 10 times. This is due, among other

require less recording power and lower reasons, to the usage of a blue instead

disc rotation speed than DVD and HD- of a red laser and improved lens a

DVD to achieve the same data transfer specification, allowing for a much

rate. While the media itself limited the smaller focus laser beam which

recording speed in the past, the only enables the recording of much smaller

limiting factor for Blu-ray is the and higher density pits on the disc.

capacity of the hardware. If we assume

a maximum disc rotation speed of
10,000 RPM, then 12x at the outer
diameter should be possible (about
400Mbps). This is why the Blu-ray
 Java creator James
Gosling, at the conference, suggested
that the inclusion of a Java Virtual
Machine as well as network
connectivity in BD devices will allow
updates to Blu-ray Discs via the
Due to the fact that the data layer on a Internet, adding content such as
Blu-ray Disc is placed much “closer” additional subtitle languages and
to the laser lens than in DVD, there is promotional features that are not
less distortion resulting in significantly included on the disc at pressing time.
improved tolerances. Hence, more This Java Version will be called BD-J
precision and ultra-high storage and will be a subset of the Globally
densities are now possible. Executable MHP (GEM) standard.

What video codecs will Blu-ray

support?

MPEG-2 - enhanced for HD, also used

Software Standards
for playback of DVDs and HDTV

Java software support recordings.

It was announced that
Sun Microsystems' Java cross-platform
software environment would be
included in all Blu-ray Disc players as
a mandatory part of the standard. Java
will be used to implement interactive
menus on Blu-ray Discs, as opposed to
MPEG-4 AVC - part of the MPEG-4
standard also known as H.264 (High
Profile and Main Profile).
SMPTE VC-1 - standard based on
Microsoft's Windows Media Video
(WMV) technology.
What audio codecs will Blu-ray

the method used on DVD video discs, support?

which uses pre-rendered MPEG

segments and selectable subtitle
pictures, which is considerably more Linear PCM (LPCM) - up to 8
primitive and less seamless. channels of uncompressed audio.
(Mandatory)
Dolby Digital (DD) - format used for for crystal-clear audio
DVDs, 5.1-channel surround sound. entertainment.
(Mandatory) • Enhanced interactivity. Enjoy
Dolby Digital Plus (DD+) - extension such capabilities as seamless
of Dolby Digital, 7.1-channel surround menu navigation, exciting, new
sound. (Optional) bonus features, and
Dolby TrueHD - lossless encoding of network/Internet connectivity.
up to 8 channels of audio. (Optional) • Broadest industry support
DTS Digital Surround - format used from brands you trust. More
for DVDs, 5.1-channel surround than 90% of major Hollywood
sound. (Mandatory) studios, virtually all leading
DTS-HD High Resolution Audio - consumer electronics
extension of DTS, 7.1-channel companies, four of the top
surround sound. (Optional) computer brands, the world’s
DTS-HD Master Audio - lossless two largest music companies,
encoding of up to 8 channels of audio. PLAYSTATION® 3 and the
(Optional) leading gaming companies, all
support Blu-ray Disc.
Advantages
• The largest selection of high-
def playback devices.Blu-ray
• Maximum picture resolution.
Disc is supported by many of
Blu-ray Disc delivers full
the leading consumer
1080p* video resolution to
electronics and computing
provide pristine picture quality.
manufacturers. That means you
• Largest capacity available
can maximize the use of your
anywhere (25 GB single
HDTV and your home
layer/50 GB dual layer). Blu-
entertainment system with the
ray Disc offers up to 5X the
widest selection of high-def
capacity of today’s DVDs.
playback devices—including
• Best audio possible. Blu-ray
players, recorders, computers,
Disc provides as many as 7.1
aftermarket drives and the
channels of native,
PLAYSTATION® 3 game
uncompressed surround sound
console.
 • Backward compatibility**.
Blu-ray Disc players enable
you to continue to view and
enjoy your existing DVD
libraries.
• Disc robustness.
Breakthroughs in hard-coating
technologies enable Blu-ray
Disc to offer the strongest
resistance to scratches and  Error rates increased in reading
fingerprints. and writing after the original
BD suffered scratches and
fingerprints

Protection System  For protection, the prototype

BD was enclosed in a case

 HDTV contains a copyright bit  The case increased the size of

that is detected by the BD the disc drive

recorder. If the broadcast has  A hard coat was derived of an

no copyright bit, then the BD ultraviolet-curable resin that

recorder is allowed to store the has a scratch resistance similar

information to the DVD

 Uses the Data Encryption  An artificial fingerprint reagent

Standard (DES) that has a key is placed on the disc surface to

length of 56 bits resist fingerprint oils

 A Key Block and Disc ID are

written into the ROM area to
prevent illegal copying

Enhancements
 other interactive movie
features. With Blu-ray,
you can:
• record high-definition
television (HDTV) without
any quality loss
Will Blu-ray discs require a • instantly skip to any spot on
cartridge? the disc
• record one program while
No, the development
watching another on the disc
of new low cost hard-coating
• create playlists
technologies has made the cartridge
• edit or reorder programs
obsolete. Blu-ray will instead rely on
recorded on the disc
hard-coating for protection, which
• automatically search for an
when applied will make the discs even
empty space on the disc to
more resistant to scratches and
avoid recording over a program
fingerprints than today's DVDs, while
• access the Web to download
still preserving the same look and feel.
subtitles and other extra
Blu-ray also adopts a new error
features
correction system which is more robust
and efficient than the one used for
DVDs.
 Compatibility: The Blu-
ray Disc Association
Applications
(BDA) expects every Blu-
ray Disc device to be
 Blu-ray discs not only
backward compatible with
have more storage
DVDs.
capacity than traditional
 Stand-alone players and
DVDs, but they also offer
the PlayStation 3: The
a new level of
home video game console
interactivity. Users will
system PlayStation 3
be able to connect to the
(Sony) is shipped with a
Internet and instantly
2x Blu-ray Disc drive. The
download subtitles and
 drive is read-only as is the announced the first media
case with most game center PC capable of playing
console optical drives. back both Blu-ray Disc and HD
According to Sony's press DVD. The VidaBox MAX and
releases, it supports DVD VidaBox LUX can have both
(8x), CD (24x), and drives upgraded to play both
SACD (2x) formats in high-definition formats up to
addition to BD-ROM, BD- their native 1080p resolutions
R, and BD-RE. Full HD at 24-bit color.
1080/60p and 24p True
Cinema Video Output.
AVCHD Media playback
with x.v.Color output.

1. Sony BDP-S1 Player 2. Philips

PlayStation 3 (Sony) recorder 3.philips Driver
VidaBox MAX Dual Blu-ray Disc+HD
Blu ray can be used in:
DVD System

Camcorders
Universal players (Blu-ray Disc and
Personal Computer and Notebook
HD DVD): VidaBox
PC Drives worlds two largest PC
Recordable PC drives manufacturers, HP and Dell,
Portable players it's very likely that the
technology will be adopted as
the next-generation optical
disc format for PC data
Future Scope
storage and replace

 Expect the BD to become technologies such as DVD±R,

more prevalent once the DVD±RW, and DVD-RAM.

HDTV market establishes its

presence
 Audio and video will reach
higher qualities with larger
storage space References:

 Look for BD with more than

1. http://www.blue-ray-
two layers as the technology
technology.com/what_is_blu_ray.
is further refined
php
 To ensure that the Blu-ray
Disc format is easily 2.
extendable (future-proof) it http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-
also includes support for ray_Disc
multi-layer discs, which
3.
should allow the storage
http://electronics.howstuffworks.
capacity to be increased to
com/blu-ray3.htm
100GB-200GB (25GB per
layer) in the future simply by
4. http://www.howstuffworks.co
adding more layers to the
m/framed.htm?parent=blu-
discs.
ray.htm&url=http://www.blu
 There are plans for BD-ROM
-raydisc.com
(read-only), BD-R
5. www.bluray.com
(recordable) and BD-RE
(rewritable) drives for PCs,
and with the support of the