-reaksi cepat
-reaksi intermediate
-reaksi lambat
1. Reaksi Cepat
- Terjadi dalam hitungan detik & menghilang ± 2 jam
- Berperan IgE, alergen
- Reaksi berupa anafilaksis sistemik/ lokal, bersin, pilek, asma, urtikaria,
eksim
2. reaksi intermediate
- Terjadi beberapa jam dan menghilang dalam 24 jam
- Berperan : IgG, aktivasi komplemen, sel NK
- Manifestasinya berupa reaksi transfusi, HDN, glomerulonefritis, RA, LES,
reaksi Arthus
3. Reaksi lambat
- Terlihat sekitar 48 jam setelah terpapar antigen
- Berperan : sel Th, CTL
- Reaksi lambat berupa dermatitis kontak, TBC
REAKSI HIPERSENSITIFITAS I, II, III, IV
BERDASARKAN MEKANISME IMUN REAKSI
HIPERSENSITIFITAS TERBAGI :
Alergi (hives)
Penyakit Hipersensitifitas tipe lambat
kompleks
imun
Cara Alergen Masuk Dalam Tubuh
Pajanan pertama dengan
alergen
Pejalanan ulang
dengan alergen
Mediator
Aktivasi sel mast
pelepasan
mediator Amin vasoaktif
mediator lipid sitokin
• Anafilatoksis sistemik
Antigen
Reaction of IgG or Erytrhrocyte Hemolytic
Antigen IgM antobody with hemolysis anemia
Transfusion
interacts antigen on cell
reaction
with body
cell i.e :
Erythroblastosis Agranulocytosis Susceptability
• Erythrocyte Activates
fetalis to infections
• Leucocyte complement
• Platelet
Drugs
• Vascular Thrombocytopenia Purpura
endothelium
Autoantibodies
Vasculitis Vesicular
Unknown purpura
Hemolytic Disease of
Newborn
REAKSI HIPERSENSITIFITAS TIPE III
Reaksi hipersensitivitas kompleks imun / reaksi Arthus
Diagnosis:
- Mantoux test dan patch test
Terapi:
- Kortikosteroid dan agen imunosupresif
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Late stage of an OF EOSINOPHIL
allergic response includes the
recruitment of eosinophils and Th2 cells contrast with
MEDIATORS
• PARASIT : LEISHMANIA sp
Clinical
Type Reaction time Histology Antigen and site
appearance
lymphocytes,
epidermal ( organic
followed by
chemicals, poison
contact 48-72 hr eczema macrophages;
ivy, heavy metals,
edema of
etc.)
epidermis
lymphocytes, intradermal
tuberculin 48-72 hr local induration monocytes, (tuberculin,
macrophages lepromin, etc.)
persistent antigen
macrophages, or foreign body
granuloma 21-28 days hardening epitheloid and giant presence
cells, fibrosis (tuberculosis,
leprosy, etc.)
CAUSES MECHANISM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CLINICAL
EXAMPLES
Antigen
Release of : Contact
Lymphokines dermatitis
Tuberculin Sensitized Injury and
Migration inhibition Graft vs host
Poison Ivy Lymphocyte destruction of
factor reactions
Chemical reacts with target organ
Interferon Viral infection
Fungi antigen
Killer cells Autoallergic
Transplanted
Transfer factor disease
organs
Virus