LAMPIRAN B

PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS

Basis perhitungan : 1 jam

Satuan operasi : kiloJoule/jam (kJ/jam)
Temperatur Basis : 25oC (298,15 K)

Tabel LB.1 Kapasitas Panas Gas

Komponen a B c d e
H2 6,64782 2,47265 E-03 -4,55763 E-06 3,11770 E-09 -6,64368 E-13
HCl 6,96900 -2,23600 E-04 7,33300 E-07 -1,77600 E-10 0
H2O 7,98574 4,633190 E-04 1,40284 E-06 -6,57839 E-10 9,79529 E-14
(Reklaitis, 1983)
Cpg = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4 [J/mol K]
T2

∫
T1
Cpg dT = [a(T2–T1) + b/2(T22–T12) + c/3(T23–T13) + d/4(T24–T14) + e/5(T25–T15)]

Tabel LB.2 Kapasitas Panas Cairan

Komponen a B c d
H2 5,88663 E+01 -2,30694 E-01 -8,04213 E-02 1,37776 E-03
HCl 1,77227 E+01 9,04261 E-01 -5,64496 E-03 1,13383 E-05
H2O 1,82964 E+01 4,72118 E-01 -1,33878 E-03 1,31424 E-06
(Reklaitis, 1983)
Cpl = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 [J/mol K]
T2

∫
T1
Cpl dT = [a(T2 – T1) + b/2(T22 – T12) + c/3(T23 – T13) + d/4(T24 – T14)]

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Perhitungan Cpl (kal/gmol.°C) dengan menggunakan metode Chueh dan Swanson,
dimana kontribusi gugusnya :
Gugus Nilai

20,92

30,38

35,15
44,77
Maka nilai kapasitas panas cairan dapat dihitung sebagai berikut :
Xylan
Cpl = 4(20,92) + 30,38 + 2(35,15) + 2(44,77) = 273,90 kJ/mol.K
Xylosa
Cpl = 4(20,92) + 30,38 + 2(35,15) + 2(44,77) = 273,90 kJ/mol.K
Xylitol
Cpl = 4(20,92) + 30,38 + 2(35,15) + 2(44,77) = 273,90 kJ/mol.K

Harga panas pembentukan

Gugus Nilai (kJ/mol)

29,89

-20,64

-138,16
-208,04

Maka dapat dihitung nilai panas pembentukan pada 298,15 K :

1. Xylan
ΔH o f = 4(29,89) + (−20,64) + 2(−138,16) + 2(−208,04) = −593,48 kJ/mol
2. Xylosa

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 ΔH o f = 4(29,89) + (−20,64) + (−138,16) + 4(−208,04) = −871,4 kJ/mol
3. Xylitol
ΔH o f = 3(29,89) + 2(−20,64) + 5(−208,04) = −991,81 kJ/mol
Neraca panas pada masing-masing peralatan proses yaitu

L.B.1 Reaktor Hidrolisis (R-101)

HCl (l)
H2O(l)
2
F F3

Xylan (l) F121

F HCl (l)
F Reaktor Hidrolisis F4
H2O (l) H2O(l)
Ampas (R-101) Xylosa (l)
T = 120oC , P = 1atm Ampas

Reaksi : C5H8O4 + H2O → C5H10O5

Xylan air xylitol

Neraca panas masuk (T = 25oC)

Q in = n.∫ cp.dT

kmol kJ
QC 5 H 8O 4 = 8,3068 × 273,90 × (298,15 − 298,15) K = 0
jam kmol.K
Karena suhu sama dengan temperatur basis maka Qin total = 0

Neraca panas keluar reaktor (T = 120oC)

kmol kJ
QC5H10O5 = 8,3068 × 328,29 × (393,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 259068,7403 kJ/jam
393,15
kmol
QHCl = 10,0137 × ∫ (17,72 +9,04.10 −1 T − 5,65.10 −3 T 2 + 1,13.10 −5 T 3 )dT
jam 298,15

= 120348,0583 kJ/jam

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QH2O =
393,15
kmol
143,9845 × ∫ (18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 )dT
jam 298,15

= 1066682,706 kJ/jam
Qout total = 1446099,505 kJ/jam

r = X C 5 H 8O 4. N C 5 H 8O 4 = 8,3068 kmol/jam

Panas reaksi pada keadaan standar :

∆Hr = (∑ ΔH f(produk) − ∑ ΔH f(reaktan))
o 0

= (ΔH f
0
− (ΔΔ f
C5H10O5 + ΔH f ) )
0
C5H8O4
0
H2O

= -898,3048 – (-622,1608 + (-285,840))

= 9,6960 kJ/jam

Panas reaksi pada 120oC (393,15 K)

∆Hr = ∆Hr (25oC) + (-1)(HC5H8O4(120oC)) + (-1)(HH2O(120oC)) +
(1)(HC5H10O5(120oC))
= 9,6960 kJ/kmol – (-26020,5 kJ/kmol) – (-7203,0924 kJ/kmol) + 31187,55
kJ/kmol
= 64420,8384 kJ/kmol (endotermis)

Qr = 64420,8384 x 8,3068 kmol/jam = 535131,0204 kJ/jam

dQ
= Qout − Qin + Qr
dT
= 1981230,525 kJ/jam

Saturated pada 15,35 atm (16 bar), 200oC = 2790,9 kJ/kg (Smith,
1996)

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 Q 1981230,525
m= = = 689,0278 kg/jam
λ 2790,9
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 0 1066682,706
Xylan 0 -
HCl 0 120348,0583
Xylosa - 259068,7403
Qr - 535131,0204
dQ/dT 1981230,525 -
Total 1981230,525 1981230,525

L.B.2 Sub Cooler (HE-101)

Air pendingin (T = 25oC)

H2O (l) F4F2 Sub Cooler (HE-101) F5 H2O (l)

HCl (g) HCl (l)
C5H10O5 (l) T = 45oC C5H10O5 (l)
T = 90oC P = 1 atm T = 45oC

Air pendingin (T = 50oC)

Neraca panas masuk Sub Cooler

QH2O(l) =
363,15
kmol
143,9846 × ∫ (18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 )dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 143,9846 × 4.888,475
jam kmol
= 703865,1175 kJ/jam

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QHCl(g) =
363,15
kmol
10,0137 × ∫ (6,969 − 2,24.10 − 4 T + 7,33.10 −7 T 2 + 1,78.10 −10 T 3 )dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 10,0137 × 453,8286
jam kmol
= 4544,5034 kJ/jam
kmol kJ
QC5H10O5(l) = 8,3068 × 328,29 × (363,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 177257,5592 kJ/jam

Panas yang dilepaskan pengembunan asam klorida (HCl)

Q = m.λ
kmol kJ
= 10,0137 × 16.212
jam kmol

= 162342,1044 kJ/jam

Qin = 1048009,285 kJ/jam

Neraca panas keluar Sub Cooler

QH2O(l) =

( )
318,15
kmol
143,9846 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 143,9846 × 1.496,651
jam kmol
= 215494,6956 kJ/jam

( )
318,15
kmol
QHCl(l) = 10,0137 × ∫ 17,72 + 9,04.10 −1 T − 5,64.10 −3 T 2 + 1,13.10 −5 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 10,0137 × 1.845,494
jam kmol
= 18480,2233 kJ/jam

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 kmol kJ
QC5H10O5(l) = 8,3068 × 328,29 × (318,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 54540,7874 kJ/jam

Qout = 288515,7063 kJ/jam

dQ
= Qout – Qin = 288515,7063 – 1048009,285 = -759493,5787 kJ/jam
dT

Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :

( )
323,15
dQ m
= × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
dT BM H2O 298,15

m
759493,5787 = × 1871,956
18,015
m = 7309,0803 kg/jam
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 703865,1175 215494,6956
HCl 166886,6078 18480,2233
Xylosa 177257,5592 54540,7874
dQ/dT -759493,5787 -
Total 201055,0273 288515,7063

L.B.3 Heater (H-101)

F9 HCl (g)
H2O (g)
T = 100oC
HCl (l) Heater
H2O (l) F7
xylosa (l) T = 100oC
T = 45oC P = 1 atm
F8 xylosa (l)
H2O (l)
T = 100oC

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Neraca panas masuk heater (T = 45oC)
kmol kJ
QC5H10O5 = 8,3068 × 328,29 × (318,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 54540,7874 kJ/jam
QH2O =

( )
318,15
kmol
143,9846 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 215494,6956 kJ/jam
QHCl =

( )
318,15
kmol
10,0137 × ∫ 58,87 − 2,31.10 −1 T − 8,04.10 − 2 T 2 + 1,38.10 −3 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 18480,1803 kJ/jam
Qin total = 288515,6633 kJ/jam

Neraca panas keluar heater (T = 100oC)

kmol kJ
QC5H10O5 = 8,3068 × 328,29 × (373,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 204508,2555 kJ/jam
QH2O(l) =

( )
373,15
kmol
67,4474 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 380851,2542 kJ/jam
QH2O(g) =

( )
373,15
kmol
76,5371 × ∫ 7,986 + 4,63.10 − 4 T + 1,40.10 −6 T 2 − 6,58.10 −10 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 46499,5136 kJ/jam
QHCl(g) =

( )
373,15
kmol
10,0137 × ∫ 6,969 − 2,24.10 − 4 T + 7,33.10 −7 T 2 + 1,78.10 −10 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

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 = 5244,9558 kJ/jam
Panas penguapan :

kg kJ
QH2O = 1377,6682 × 2251,9
jam kg

= 3102371,02 kJ/jam

kmol kJ
QHCl = 10,0137 × 926,4
jam kmol

= 9276,6917 kJ/jam

Qout total = 3748751,691 kJ/jam

dQ
= Q out − Q in = 3748751,691 - 288515,6633 = 3460176,028 kJ/kg
dT

Saturated pada 15,35 atm (16 bar) , 200oC = 2790,9 kJ/kg (Smith,
1996)
Q 3460176,028
m= = = 1239,8065 kg/jam
λ 2790,9
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 215494,6956 3529721,788
HCl 18480,1803 14512,6475
Xylosa 54540,7874 204508,2555
dQ/dT 3460176,028 -
Total 3748751,691 3748751,691

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L.B.4 Reaktor Hidrogenasi (R-201)
H2 (l)

F13

H2O (l) F8F2 Reaktor Hidrogenasi F14 Xylitol (l)

Xylosa (l) H2 (l)
(R-201) H2O (l)
T = 150oC , P = 30atm

Reaksi : C5H10O5 + H2 → C5H12O5

xylosa hidrogen xylitol
Neraca panas masuk reaktor (T = 100oC)
kmol kJ
QC5H10O5 = 8,3068 × 328,29 × (373,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 204527,9529 kJ
QH2O =

( )
373,15
kmol
78,5132 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 443335,6659 kJ/jam

( )
373,15
kmol
QH2 = 9,9682 × ∫ 58,87 − 2,31.10 −1 T − 8,04.10 − 2 T 2 + 1,38.10 −3 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 2656961,899 kJ/jam
Qin total = 3304825,518 kJ/jam

Neraca panas keluar reaktor (T = 150oC)

kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (423,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 360691,6935 kJ/jam

( )
423,15
kmol
QH2O = 78,5131 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

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 = 743083,2571 kJ/jam

( )
423,15
kmol
QH2 = 1,6614 × ∫ 58,87 − 2,31.10 −1 T − 8,04.10 − 2 T 2 + 1,38.10 −3 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 11648940,16 kJ/jam
Qout total = 12752715,11 kJ/jam
Panas reaksi pada keadaan standar
∆Hr = (∑ ΔH f(produk) − ∑ ΔH f(reaktan))
o 0

= (ΔH f 0
− (ΔΔ f
C5H12O5 + ΔH f ) )
0
C5H10O5
0
H2

= -1001,0220 – (-898,3048)
= -102,7172 kJ/kmol

Panas reaksi pada 150oC (423,15 K)

∆Hr = ∆Hr (25oC) + (-1)(HC5H10O5(150oC)) + (-1)(HH2 (150oC)) +
(1)(HC5H12O5(150oC))
= -102,7172 – (-32829) – (-7587,6470) + 34737
= 75050,9298 kJ/kmol

dQ
= Qproduk – Qreaktan + Qr
dT
= 9983020,613 kJ/jam

Saturated pada 15,35 atm (16 bar) , 200oC = 2790,9 kJ/kg (Smith, 1996)
Q 9983020,613
m= = = 3471,8719kg/jam
λ 2790,9
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 443335,6659 743083,2571
Xylosa 204527,9529 -
H2 2656961,899 11648940,16
Xylitol - 360691,6935

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 Qr - 623433,0637
dQ/dT 9983020,613 -
Total 13376148,17 13376148,17

L.B.5 Cooler (HE-201)

Air pendingin (T = 25oC)

H2O (l) F14

F2 Cooler (HE-201) F17 Xylitol (l)
Xylitol (l) H2 (g)
H2 (g) T = 60oC H2O (l)
P = 2 atm

Air pendingin (T = 50oC)

Neraca panas masuk cooler (T = 150oC)

kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (423,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 360691,6395 kJ/jam
QH2O =

( )
423,15
kmol
78,5132 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 78,5132 × 6120
jam kmol
= 480500,784 kJ/jam

( )
423,15
kmol
QH2 = 1,6614 × ∫ 6,65 − 2,47.10 −3 T − 4,56.10 −6 T 2 + 3,12.10 −9 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

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 kmol kJ
= 1,6614 × 89300
jam kmol
= 148363,02 kJ/jam
Qin total = 989555,4435 kJ/jam

Neraca panas keluar cooler (T = 60oC)

kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (333,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 100993,6591 kJ/jam
QH2O =

( )
333,15
kmol
78,5132 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 78,5132 × 1260
jam kmol
= 98926,632 kJ/jam

( )
333,15
kmol
QH2 = 1,6614 × ∫ 6,65 − 2,47.10 −3 T − 4,56.10 −6 T 2 + 3,12.10 −9 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

kmol kJ
= 1,6614 × 683
jam kmol
= 1134,7362 kJ/jam
Qout total = 201055,0273 kJ/jam

dQ
= Qout – Qin = 201055,0273 - 989555,4435 = - 788500,4162 kJ/jam
dT

Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :

( )
323,15
dQ m
= × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
dT BM H2O 298,15

m
788500,4162 = × 1871,956
18,015

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m = 7588,2312 kg/jam
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 480500,784 98926,632
H2 148363,02 1134,7362
Xylitol 360691,6395 100993,6591
dQ/dT - 788500,4162 -
Total 201055,0273 201055,0273

L.B.6 Knock out Drum (K-201)

Steam (T = 200oC)
H2 (g)
H2O (g)
F18

H2O (l) F17

F2 KO Drum (K-201) F19 Xylitol (l)
Xylitol (l) H2O (l)
H2 (g) T = 110oC
T = 60oC P = 1 atm

Steam

Neraca panas masuk KO Drum (K-201) = 201055,0273 kJ/jam

Neraca panas keluar KO Drum (K-201)
kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (383,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 245270,3149 kJ/jam
QH2O (l) =

( )
373,15
kmol
78,5132 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

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 = 44335,8541 kJ/jam
QH2O (g) =

( )
383,15
kmol
70,6618 × ∫ 7,99 + 4,63.10 − 4 T + 1,40.10 −6 T 2 − 6,58.10 −10 T 3 .dT
jam 373,15

= 5885,92 kJ/jam

( )
383,15
kmol
QH2 = 1,6614 × ∫ 6,65 − 2,47.10 −3 T − 4,56.10 −6 T 2 + 3,12.10 −9 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 1000,5027 kJ/jam
Quap H2O = m × λ H2O

kg kJ
= 1271,9133 × 2251,9
jam kg
= 2864221,56 kJ/jam
Qout = 3160714,152 kJ/jam

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam pada suhu 200oC

Hsl = 852,4 kJ/kg
Hsv = 2790,9 kJ/kg (Smith, 1996)
Q in + H s = Q out + H s
201055,0273 kJ/jam + (2790,9 kJ/kg) s = 3160714,152 kJ/jam + (852,4 kJ/kg) s
Jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = 1526,7779 kg/jam

Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)

H2O 98926,632 44335,8541
H2 1134,7362 1000,5027
Xylitol 100993,6591 245270,3149
dQ/dT 543025,2125 -
Total 744080,2398 744080,2398

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L.B.7 Sub Cooler (HE-202)

Air pendingin (T = 25oC)

H2O (g) F2
F18 Sub Cooler (HE-202) F12 H2O (l)
H2 (g) H2 (g)
T = 110oC T = 80oC T = 80oC
P = 1 atm

Air pendingin (T = 50oC)

Neraca panas masuk Cooler

( )
383,15
kmol
QH2(g) = 1,6614 × ∫ 6,65 − 2,47.10 −3 T − 4,56.10 −6 T 2 + 3,12.10 −9 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 1000,3482 kJ/jam
QH2O (g) =

( )
383,15
kmol
70,6618 × ∫ 7,986 + 4,66.10 − 4 T + 1,40.10 −6 T 2 − 6,58.10 −10 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 49736,5445 kJ/jam
Panas yang dilepas pengembunan uap air
Q = m.λ
kmol kJ
= 70,6618 × 40.861,8
jam kmol
= 2887368,339 kJ/jam

Qin = 2938105,232 kJ/jam

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Neraca panas keluar Cooler

( )
353,15
kmol
QH2(g) = 1,6614 × ∫ 6,65 − 2,47.10 −3 T − 4,56.10 −6 T 2 + 3,12.10 −9 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 646,6749 kJ/jam
QH2O (l) =

( )
353,15
kmol
70,6618 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 291975,9002 kJ/jam
Qout = 292622,5751 kJ/jam

dQ
= Qout – Qin = 292622,5751 – 2938105,232 = -2645482,657 kJ/jam
dT

Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :

( )
323,15
dQ m
= × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
dT BM H2O 298,15

m
2645482,657 = × 1871,956
18,015
m = 25459,1294 kg/jam
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 2937104,884 291975,9002
H2 1000,3482 646,6749
dQ/dT -2645482,657 -
Total 292622,5751 292622,5751

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L.B.8 Evaporator (C-301)
Steam (T = 200oC)
H2O (g)

F21

H2O (l) F19

F2 Evaporator (C-301) F20 Xylitol (l)
Xylitol (l) H2O (l)
T = 110oC T = 120oC T = 120oC
P = 1 atm

Steam (T = 180oC)

Neraca panas masuk evaporator = 245270,3149 kJ/jam + 44335,8541 kJ/jam

= 289606,169 kJ/jam
Neraca panas keluar evaporator
kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (393,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 274125,646 kJ/jam

( )
373,15
kmol
QH2O (l) = 1,5703 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 8866,9203 kJ/jam
Panas penguapan air
Q = m.cp.dT + m.λ + m.cp.dT
= 6,2811 × 5646,641 + 113,0590 × 2251,9 + 6,2811 × 166,7187
= 291111,8557 kJ/jam
Qout = 574104,422 kJ/jam

Sebagai pemanas digunakan steam pada suhu 200oC

Hsl = 852,4 kJ/kg

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Hsv = 2790,9 kJ/kg (Smith, 1996)

Q in + H s = Q out + H s
289606,169 kJ/jam + (2790,9 kJ/kg) s = 574104,422 kJ/jam + (852,4 kJ/kg) s
Jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = 146,7621
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 44335,8541 299978,776
Xylitol 245270,3149 274125,646
dQ/dT 284498,253 -
Total 574104,422 574104,422

L.B.9 Cooler (HE-301)

Air pendingin (T = 25oC)

H2O (l) F20

F2 Cooler (HE-301) F22 Xylitol (l)
Xylitol (l) H2O (l)
T = 120oC T = 60oC T = 100oC
P = 2 atm

Air pendingin (T = 50oC)

Neraca panas masuk Cooler = 274125,646 kJ/jam + 8866,9203 kJ/jam

= 282992,5663 kJ/jam
Neraca panas keluar Cooler
kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (373,15 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 216414,9837 kJ/jam

Universitas Sumatera Utara

 ( )
373,15
kmol
QH2O (l) = 1,5703 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 8866,9203 kJ/jam
Qout = 225281,904 kJ/jam

dQ
= Qout – Qin = 225281,904 – 282992,5663 = - 57710,6623 kJ/jam
dT

Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :

( )
323,15
dQ m
= × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
dT BM H2O 298,15

m
57710,6623 = × 1871,956
18,015
m = 555,3857 kg/jam
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 8866,9203 8866,9203
Xylitol 274125,646 216414,9837
dQ/dT - 57710,6623 -
Total 225281,904 225281,904

Universitas Sumatera Utara

L.B.10 Prilling Tower (PT-301)

H2O (g) F24 Udara basah (g)

F22
Xylitol(l) Prilling Tower
H2O (l)
T = 100oC

F23 Udara kering

Xylitol (s)
pendingin (g)
T = 80oC
T = 20oC

Neraca panas masuk prilling tower = 225281,904 kJ/jam

Metode perhitungan neraca energi proses pengeringan air dari padatannya dapat dipakai
juga untuk menghitung neraca energi pada proses pengeringan cairan organik
(Geankoplis, 1997)

Temperatur basis To = 0oC

Panas laten air (0oC) λo = 2501,6 kJ/kg (Reklaitis, 1983)
Panas humiditas air-udara cs = 1,005 + 1,88 H
Humiditas udara (T udara-masuk (20oC)) Hin = 0,0021 kg H2O / kg udara kering
(Pisecky, 1990)
Kapasitas panas udara Cpudara = 1,007 kJ/kg K
(Geankoplis, 1997)
H’udara = cs (Ti – To) + Hi . λo
20oC, H’udara-masuk = (1,005 + 1,88 . 0,0021) (20 – 0) + 0,0021 . 2501,6
H’udara-masuk = 25,3548
40oC, H’udara-keluar = (1,005 + 1,88 .0,0082) (40 – 0) + 0,0082 . 2501,6
H’udara-keluar = 61,3298

Panas kristalisasi dari xylitol = -37,40 kJ/mol ( Barone, 1990)

Titik beku xylitol = 365,7 K (Barone, 1990)

Universitas Sumatera Utara

 kmol kJ
QC5H12O5 = 8,3068 × 347,37 × (365,7 − 298,15)K
jam kmol.K
= 194917,762 kJ/jam
kmol kJ
Qkristalisasi = 8,3068 × −37400
jam kmol
= -310674,32 kJ/jam

( )
323,15
kmol
QH2O (l) = 1,5703 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 2939,5317 kJ/jam
Asumsi kondisi adiabatis sehingga berlaku : Qin = Qout
225281,904+ Fu .25,3548 = 194917,762 - 310674,32 + 2939,5317 + Fu .61,3298
Jadi udara dingin yang dibutuhkan = 9398,1633 kg/jam
Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)
H2O 8866,9203 2939,5317
Xylitol 216414,9837 194917,762
Qr - -310674,32
dQ/dT -112464,8777 -
Total -112817,0263 -112817,0263

Universitas Sumatera Utara

L.B.11 Sub Cooler (HE-102)
Air pendingin (T = 25oC)

H2O (g) F9F2 Sub Cooler (HE-102) F15 H2O (l)

HCl (g) H2 (g)
T = 100oC T = 45oC T = 45oC
P = 1 atm

Air pendingin (T = 50oC)

Neraca panas masuk Sub Cooler

QH2O(g) =

( )
373,15
kmol
70,6619 × ∫ 7,986 + 4,63.10 − 4 T + 1,40.10 −6 T 2 − 6,58.10 −10 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 43853,2882 kJ/jam

( )
373,15
kmol
QH2(g) = 1,9932 × ∫ 6,969 − 2,24.10 − 4 T + 7,33.10 −7 T 2 + 1,78.10 −10 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 8553,1266 kJ/jam
Panas yang dilepaskan pengembunan air (H2O)
Q = m.λ
kmol kJ
= 70,6619 × 40.861,8
jam kmol
= 2887372,425 kJ/jam

Panas yang dilepaskan pengembunan (H2)

Q = m.λ
kmol kJ
= 1,9932 × 16.212
jam kmol
= 32313,7584 kJ/jam

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Qin = 2971911,213 kJ/jam
Neraca panas keluar Sub Cooler

( )
318,15
kmol
QH2O(l) = 70,6619 × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
jam 298,15

= 105756,2033 kJ/jam

( )
318,15
kmol
QH2(g) = 1,9932 × ∫ 17,72 + 9,04.10 −1 T − 5,64.10 −3 T 2 + 1,13.10 −5 T 3 dT
jam 298,15

= 3678,4386 kJ/jam

Qout = 109434,6419 kJ/jam

dQ
= Qout – Qin = 109434,6419 – 2971911,213 = -2862476,571 kJ/jam
dT

Jumlah air pendingin yang dibutuhkan :

( )
323,15
dQ m
= × ∫ 18,30 + 4,72.10 −1 T − 1,34.10 −3 T 2 + 1,31.10 −6 T 3 .dT
dT BM H2O 298,15

m
2862476,571 = × 1871,956
18,015
m = 27547,3972 kg/jam

Komponen Alur masuk (kJ/jam) Alur keluar (kJ/jam)

H2O 2931225,713 105756,2033
H2 3678,4386 3678,4386
dQ/dT -2862476,571 -
Total 109434,6419 109434,6419

Universitas Sumatera Utara