Penelitian-penelitian yang menerapkan psikoterapi ≥4 minggu:

Franke et al (2005) melakukan penelitian menggunakan psikoterapi psikodinamik selama

4 minggu dengan hasil subyek mengalami perbaikan gejala yaitu berkurangnya distress psikologi
pasien, selain itu efek terapi dapat bertahan untuk jangka 1 tahun. Psikoterapi psikodinamik
merupakan pendekatan terapeutik yang membantu subyek untuk mengeksplor konflik-konflik
intrapersonal dan intrafisik. Elemen-elemen utama dari psikoterapi ini adalah konfrontasi,
klarifikasi, dan intrepretasi, dengan tujuan untuk mencapai resolusi konflik dan self-awareness.
The improvement of symptoms four weeks after the beginning of psychodynamic
inpatient psychotherapy is equivalent with long term outcome. The Global Severity Index of
SCL-90-R demonstrated a statistically significant change from markedly psychological distress
to lack of distress after four weeks psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy (effect-size d(GSI) =
0.82). At the end of psychotherapy, three weeks later, the effect-size was d = 1.11, and one year
after discharge the effect-size decreased again to d = 0.85. It was demonstrated that the first four
weeks initiated changes which improved at the end of psychotherapy until one year after
discharge.
McEvoy et al (2015) melakukan psikoterapi menggunakan metode group Meta Cognitive
Therapy (MCT) selama 2 jam/sesi dengan total 6 sesi (6 minggu). MCT adalah suatu metode di
mana subyek menghadapi atau men-challenge kepercayaan metakognitif mereka terkait ruminasi
(kecenderungan untuk berulang kali memikirkan pengalaman emosional yang negatif) dengan
tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan koping subyek. Frekuensi rata-rata terapi adalah 5
minggu dan menghasilkan perubahan positif dari keadaan psikologis subyek (distress, ansietas,
depresi berkurang, dan kualitas hidup meningkat).
Patients (N=52) with primary and non-primary generalized anxiety disorder attended a
brief, six-week group metacognitive therapy program and completed measures of metacognitive
beliefs, RNT, and symptoms at the first and final treatment sessions, and at a one-month follow-
up. Prospective indirect effects models found that negative metacognitive beliefs (but not
positive metacognitive beliefs) had a significant indirect effect on psychological distress via
repetitive negative thinking (RNT). As predicted by metacognitive theory, targeting negative
metacognitions in treatment appears to reduce RNT and, in turn, emotional distress.
 Psikoterapi dengan Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) setelah 6 minggu atau
6 sesi terapi didapatkan hasil didapatkan progress yang signifikan pada kondisi subyek terkait
stress, ansietas, depresi, dan kualitas hidup yang meningkat. Selain itu, subyek juga melaporkan
berkurangnya gejala gelisah setelah diberikan terapi, dan manfaat dari terapi tersebut dapat
bertahan atau bahkan meningkat setelah dilakukan follow up 3 bulan (Avdagic et al, 2014).
Fokus dari intervensi ACT adalah konteks atau fungsi dari pengalaman psikologis subyek
(pikiran, perasaan, sensasi, dll) daripada gejala dan frekuensi terjadinya gejala yang dialami
subyek. Dengan ACT, subyek diharapkan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan mereka terhadap
perasaan dan pikiran yang mengakibatkan distress agar subyek dapat mengubah
perilaku/beradaptasi terhadap distress tsb dan kemudian diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas
hidup (Linde et al, 2018).
The study examined the relative efficacy of group acceptance and commitment therapy
(ACT) for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Individuals with GAD were allocated to a 6-
week intervention of ACT. Participants were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-
month follow-up on symptom measures, quality of life, and process measures. Data from 38
participants were available at post-assessment, indicating significant improvements on all
measures for ACT treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at follow-up, with significant
further improvements in anxiety, depression and stress symptoms.

Avdagic, E., Morrissey, S., & Boschen, M. (2014). A Randomised Controlled Trial of
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy for Generalised
Anxiety Disorder. Behaviour Change, 31(2), 110-130. doi:10.1017/bec.2014.5
Franke GH, Hoffmann T, Frommer J. Entspricht die Symptombesserung vier Wochen nach
Behandlungsbeginn dem Erfolg in der Ein-Jahres-Katamnese? [Does improvement of
symptoms four weeks after the begin of psychodynamic inpatient psychotherapy correspond
to long term outcome?]. Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2005;51(4):360-72.

Linde, K., Rücker, G., Sigterman, K., Jamil, S., Meissner, K., Schneider, A., & Kriston, L.
(2018). Evidence-based psychological interventions in the Treatment of Mental Disorders.
Australian Psychological Society, 25(12), 921.
McEvoy PM, Erceg-Hurn DM, Anderson RA, Campbell BN, Nathan PR. Mechanisms of change
during group metacognitive therapy for repetitive negative thinking in primary and non-
primary generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Oct;35:19-26. doi:
10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Aug 8. PMID: 26311192.