OLEII:
PRIHADI, M.HUM.
OLEH:
PRIHADI, M,HUM,
rrir {ii ttiri..s ro rDi.xr,i ri_rrKr rdaih bi!ro! k.tixn rnjtr pe,Mndn$i
:: ::: rrrrs3 0e*erib s u iiulri ri !taii dibrn rtrsl,.i rnrut mcnlerair(iiingkar
.:!::!:1.i bahard bahasr rer$ebd Dj 3l.oing. ntr. daoar puJa
dig(nitan unruk
_:_:inrrf lhirh
Nrk$$dhn oerckx. bera.x umur bahrsa bdhasr rersebur, dan
..::trn nrctcli( bcrDis r 'tiLrurD
vdnr drrdl dicr,)ri sclrri re$cbtrldi dep$ ddrlah dapal
:.:emukan penaetompohh bihrsa drr penrebarai bahasa
safrrar han ini. BehDa
:::rinqnv! ilnu pcddrdlrlan n! sobg ddri lii darral dirundkrn
scbalai lantfan
.rrLembara.n pcmdabar marNji.
Drkl.r rni dGusun dcigrn rL.ruii ag.r nrahin$rrltoscn Nngfunpu
oala kutrah ai
q.mperoleh ped.nran vdrg $.nrdlls
utrruk m. li\rxr \1dr0ns$r N,teijp{ro ch dikot
pelr lnrg dlpit diglirkrr n.r-ll|llrjpds (rcrn !d g 1(rr d(cnmu sctdnru s01u
gdn
seleyer llldhxs$!x drp bc[ nrlcn,ri] rrj\enltd tctrgrnrrrr
doscndMdrrnn
H lA\4,^\"(D I
l^ A P.NG^NTAR
A. P(nJ!- .r l3
ts ic..nrp,.n Mro,j{ . l { 4
'rjNr-,r,rr(:i
L S6'eTar\o Verod. Noapam"l 5
D rlgkal-.:,ok.1Vcrodc<o1'p.mr,i l7
B48 IIi T1PE.TiPF 'FPI]BA \ BIJNV, I9
A. Pen$ntr.... .. .. .. l9
I lelemlhan Bunyi . .. 20
a. ReduksiOugus Lorsonan. .
b AFo(orc
2 PJ{hhrlJr Blivi 17
a. Adop l . 8
b Epentesis ... 9
c Pnne{s
3 M(tar:{ir ...
fisi..
5. Ito"{ r'enUeid nr . . .. J.J
A. ilamr Pctrucllfl. .....3,
a. Asur,rs Dirir t,ckslkosdhnit ..
C lcknrk l.![NkosrxtisLk
D. Klasifikisi Aahasn
E. Nihi i4kskoshlisrik ..
tr Tabel Log irna. .. ...
G.DaftarKosaKaraDasar..... .......,......,.,.?9
Bt-B Vi SEJARAH PERBANDNCAN BATJASA .. ...,.....,...._.............. .. . 85
A. PerbandinganBahasaAba.tXtX.,......... ,.... .....,.....,,..
,......85
B.PerbandiuanBah.saScbctumAbddXVII................................35
C. Pedaidinean Baha$AbadXytx... ... ... ... ........ ........... . 36
D (egia(an Pedsndhgsn s0hJsa
AbJd XIX
RAB I
DASAR T'ERBANOINCAN RAIIASi
l. Potrdekrtrr Si,rkrdiir
2. Pend€l in Dirtro it
Lain halnyE denFn pendct.iin Sinkonis, p€rdekarld
meBbandiigkai bah6a dcdsaa mgmperh3rikn p€rb€d&n $sti!
:, :::; iftemruil akao beGitut lenicat Dtri sini muncut rsrikh p.ndek.ai
_i-:! Ljai.oEt tinguinic,3trsdihasirtar rdarah
Litrg!,$ik Hi*ons Kompadia
Orai! da!d( mcftbudjtr!{rn su{u baljdsa ddi waklu ke sd1u, nisrt.yd
: :- Jrrllad bahas. tldonesa pidA wdtu tohirn\a irtalj pdda hhu 1128,
dEdsdn
:i:!rJi\todesjtrlrla(trhtrnt,i.lJ,iteDru\lhJugabands.hdoneshpJNlln!,tr6a.
:i 11ir0s{ irdo6*jd trj.$ knri irirh mhr( t98Z Cdd kd.lr seftdcdn rdi <iin{fisk{d
::-riri 0efdrkar4 Drrkrodis trjren.i, irtrf tr,c(bd dirg[dn saru irdhdsd dari *(l:ro
\:itiiruP.rtii6Jrrs!ryiBAiiiJniihp.rbindrtrgdrdttl0lorb0his0iruscodiri.
Dl sa rping rto d.ngji iuju knenu or:ng juga dapar medbandjng_
:.ii'nskan dua baha* arau icbih p:,ja .nar e(cfliu rcnud,an dad sini moenlol
ke
ftsa lrlu bah.sa-bahrsa r.c.bu( rhn lnr d(.mrtan ,f,,1u[ bah.sa v.ng mcnurunlan
sadasa-bahasb Nsrlrjta SrLi, scnrcrnj nn Jtnhnrukdn studi s{!rs Or0krdn$
'L!
Ekslchal l,eidekdldr Djrrrons rdr t. nLdnn nreh|rksi coot llnsrhro
td_tcntu
r!Jdlr Ltr gurstrl ln5turs (!trjpdtrtrt:
3, Pe etd$n pdtrt.odid
P.ndekara0 inj metupakn dla pend.kdrli di al!s, ialah pcnitekdan
Sidkro.is
dai Didk.onk M!ia-mula dital!!3o prtrde\aran Sinkonis, misatnya bahaa
indonesis
dan bahasa Jdv! pad! ahui t920, k.mudian batusa t.donesia
d2i bah.s Jawa Fd!
tzhhl9J0,danbahasatndoi€siaserrabahasaJ.{"rahmtg3o.screrdhitudilatutan
DendekotdnDirrronis. Keaddan ketuo bdrhsa lcadbul pldd ratrutr t920 dibdndinekn
{€Jcan prJd Gr l I lsu a"n t< fitr u<1dr,\rsdbJn mJr iahun t!30. De
sn,
kcDUdaD ck0i di[chnur peiteLnbdnga kdt$ b{tjrsd paid (b]rur.tdnu
krsebut.
C.Aid.nglertrrdingsn
Asp€k bllNsa yerg pdlirg cMr utL*
triaditdj bdlH srudi plrbetllitrg& s.hldh
bcnluk. DalM tenyu{$M. st'lklu ionrdj btrtuss_balusa 0d& bbyd}
meninbltkdn
nlasslah ddlafi
Frbandngdi bita drladrngkan denean srlktur rralid. KsidarF(stddn
fieneenai to(erabll[n anrd b4t'ds6 dlpal dirumrstd Ksd merakintsn
denedn
mrnrerL.rmlan kesarnad-[esamjd n.dtur r"ng r.lan JielnLkr du djFekjrj sccea
shtemdrik. Trbpi .ji Fihal Iain lJrn, n licsamanfl b.druk rnng drmrlikr iru ;lad
lsbjl metalinlian la!i, iaiau bcnr*-i1en.trk :k mcmp€rrrh4ian pdra ksamM
Deneor den LDn bahrja ana pr di brir jd, jdjra tconrrs daFut rcnladi ol,j-€t
p..bnrdnlgdn Ti.t b.lgs dr duo'6 menlJjk'cin4iri (senesidfd (u,rne rt) e(eitu
Keserrsrdan bdhosd iru fiercdkup:
(l) (esmur dalam bed(k Jan m.lna rj.p bahs. njen'i&i benrutr,benr!( lenedu
yangdikinlm deiSan maIianra i"ng kh4 dor0i m€m(dahtan r€fee,si.
(2) liap b{hasa nDrnrl[' |rB gkrt 0 jungsro rl y$g terkdil !ri(u tt'ncm (lln
'1
rorlern lvdra0pui rrrdrj r'dNr nu (!r'ts ri. ddl blrbcda Lldribdhrsr kc tlt]rdsu
lcrdAprl l0 lrhur Jr u tric ar i hrlr\ r dr, [!lDs! orcdi'r'tr plrd Btlr yuiA {orkgrit
N ufru( nrdirbeJrlan nr{lLrr Ldrr, da birrM sxt)u gdrdrrbu yFbliyiysngsel86r
rerb.(rs rni 0idn4h 01.(ghALlLd'i IE.tMrhnd! (iixril ytrtr! riiL trdaus junndl.r!.
Fo eft pidn ir. as&tirlusatudrirtrdv,ber[Ndr afraE lJ sadlp.iJlr (,(h rb e r, rellpi
juololr nri s0gg|a qrgh$il(ntr .jbu(n do.tsB (!!ra),
liiru slrutu tlng fe.,i*il
Y.rg nlengdndsng r'.knr
(l) Tiap hhdsa di dunia frcmili[i l.la$fet,s ka6 rcnenru, Firu rab btrd.. taft
kcq., kak siriq tak ganri u6ng, dln k.6bitansan.
iri td(yr rrelip(r reb.gi{ ld il din titic rirtG i3 g reid.par d.l oJn sebuah b6fi6s.
Sehubcngan den$n k€mkipln-lt.diripnn sbagdi ting dit€ftlle*.n di sras.
Fql! Li6ryi dilegr.kan bahwa ponalian tsnetis saja b.r{ft rcntu nogandug
k€ni.ipan mxltu; aFu k mnipln rn@6 dan frlke bcl@ edu fteftbuhi&an banm
hnrd brr',I rL or€.i drn L,r brlrlq r.aru ),ntsqra
KenlrjpM lirneas dan sstunik d!lu( rcnldi t&end liLkar *!ber!le, Mts4lnyd
kora Ymar,i (rderen n{r yafg iEm(r - ara s$aG rnde{is toirfi ditara(ad flir4J
d€d!!n r1n di1a 1 bihdsd triddrsid Orirts !k! ffergm bdlwi di siii {e.&$l
ke6ore0. ineris di *fiturnr.ladi s.lrror y0 kedua kara itu berrstrl dad 3Gr{ l?l!
p..r. tflg ssnla. Iitapi setah diseiidiki d.ngn'! enn.r t€ftFt. bats p.fi4li4d
trmd@ itu hsy. &nifir kebetuiso (by chsc) k ..0a ffii &tsli ridak t<raspnr
hqbuis<n *j.6t .nr!6 k€d& km iff. Kdra yunaf,i /dstl/ metup3liii tBlil
psk€mtargin tsskhir &d tir! Yunani r,uno {mnrri.n ygng be€di .6$s k4.it,.
Bedlk dsti wbe&ftya msdlslad s@t! bc.tlk ,lerivs.iadz.i kri daR. oftR. y.dg
borni ftaIi. S€baliknya knti mai! ddtft blhN InJo@si. ndplf,yni belltse yary
srma dcnein benrut p.oro dxl.trr 0risa srhelu ratr S.biiil,nt. lara mati Y(mii
moncren )ang U:nfli m.E iru nanra mempln\?iprdnlian lon€tk saia deng.n kara
matl dalam hhasa lddoflrsircipa ala l.sammn scmrnrit 8.ha$ Diding: asudlnl
mcfillki k!(a bldh rins brrarti i!h!r'. tara iii scrnFunyai ksdn,an b€.ruk ds
rnAtid tlengri ldra brd d.dn bdh$n Jnslris. rr r lLaln KoM 6an nemprDya'
kosa id ttrh !d dal.D bAlFsd lnUgns tsg N6Mc-
berlLrt !trtr nnrlior ns0gtrr
sann bcrlxr orr! osi scnn,u,,-i hr !d io$lilnn rl[ffkebeluldi
Adrj(si kenriFin tukls din ses rk lang riiidi kaen pnUMHi iit.nt
(bo(oreingi Kaia Iddodesia s.!.r1i aijrlEr,.lrha0ak, .lkohol. b!kr. b.ngku, bah6sa,
ignmn. din seb3ganla. nirip Jetrg.'n iik-kd! dalnm bahas! Arab, !elsdd.,
sansl:ena. b(k3n ksruii trr3nl &n liri pdn ,?ng sima. rsapi tcdidr krcna
\ur"..r-. .r'- irr:ln !-, ..:,1 ..r" :. ., J,r.'.r.' ld.i b.'.", Lmbsr.l, ds n
sa(u hilu I'l0 Urliasd{!$qkAN ldillvl
Jadl daF({ dci$pulkan lall(d lc(rrip3 l* (!t-dr(&do ya(g GrdaF(r ddl.(
bal!64{,0hsi, dit(r I.dddi k reni (igi ftko.,yiiro:
( I ) lde € w.d*n lsissqqs (i.herik@l .rer d@ !ah.s! 6,idu l,.tih d.ii &!u &tc
(21 llnto yang$nra tsen1st dngslirra {g:cbu{ dnras'dka bi.(tr l@0dt
dnn Rsri&km &nns Yln nii t k na$ dalas tihsa l€mn d.q nrs &l& lalra$
Zuf,i Fag sni-sfta beart 'bdRh i ii6 ladt dilqn 6shas Di?idga {Ssdi.} }qf,g
!*.ti ,araf dft ras lf,ggd6 &d dedir.d frnl@ yang sftr; tat! ftan !4ala( &lq
Korea dan ndn 6dhas. lns$i3 yans b.nr{i "o ang. t]llds tar€csa ini dinass*ta!
Bisara
Ked6,
-LL
pgtubahad foncis dalsm ser!fth bahisr bahasr rcncnru memperldn(ke
plla silar t"ng teGtu! KeremMrr idr oleh d.imnr ditunoskan *b&i Itutqd Blnyi,
ure dd hus mls
od dou liou3e tudrse
Pe(bahii sebas t"ng dinrdksd di dtos iidat bna dicliat dstsm
fon€tis
balFslnahas. A(sronelid kren! kedld&i naskdh ft6 ylng nencshr kea&dn bahlsd
t.dB €hrp ysng l€tifi l!a, kdFti brtsa tasa. Anti a bahEa Java korteBpo.q dnn
bEhasd Jswa kln , dapar ditutonkanpcdranad &najr ksr€M 6da dld menssmi
IinBkrlrn tlns lebrh (u! u m/slnyJ:
i:eri{a, r.nraraan lerrlja iJ,tah biJi s.m.krn d.l.m
krh menslusun e{arih
rhda-bahasa kem6ar. se lkrr iran\d ...,lap^r kesan&n
anEm por.ok,potok van*
:ibrndinrrknn Anrac s$u k.lo,rpot Jcion kclompok
faf,fi ta,n, rcrd2par la.ai
isrmun kesahian (en.n{u. Mlsrlnr.,a 6!ta. haq,a ierdaDal k$um4n
sds bahss*
lxtlas drn Jetuln lel|or nrlr redrtur kesJ,nrrtr anlan b.hrsr
rng,qris Kuno dan
bahNa LutiI mLsdh,v{. L,!!ris nro!s., inlsrisKho
ut
4,.;r
f,lelisi tnflg pctum, ftcijaiti b.gii dii ,astun ddri Lingrisik Bsndi.gBn
Hiimns, sediigk.d chsi
,!dg kedu. m. ldi blgiln d.i s.situn ds.i Lingdsrik
ll
Fcdandinsan klisik, njelode rcko.irukst bahaa, imolrkasi dari delode €kon5tnrlrsi,
da pft€patr perbatrd'ngan dalam bahrsa Aunro.sia Aadr. Batstab *lanjulf,ya
ikrn nenrat'ur m.od! &nrenmmlJl D.ha.r. tckntosahsrl lcoanfi didtek,
dilr6i bahasa. dan nr5as bahasa,bahasa Ausrrohesia
s.snnn dasai Frba0dinqun dm pen(elornpotar adAtdtr !uhd$-bahd36
Sebdqdr
N8dnr06. Co'rrah+or oh ddn t'rhrstr,b(h.si rci-Ausro{esid dipak{i s€keds
llflflrk
meij€lNkd' orlmro. (iori. flau nlerode lJetullldnudr itu seidin. se&luff itdju k€
pe6t di'{1doF oL qe oqr'$r.,d binnsr bil., Ausrorcri
t2
8.\01I
iltIToDE k{i!tt]\R.\.t rF
_,",..,.,."
i i !,,,i.Jd,n.rd.i,d,a
aLtrsu^liit iii5luji. tj!!, Lei&i, i,!i!ta$!tr raj! tr,enuc,!u$kan
$clode (oDpd,lrjf
,l,r.b!i Linrrjstit Korlprriif
ll
nnR t
Kendnno$ brlnn hdl vil! i.nit[ ne.{a{r 0!an Mtu! dlklrah0i 6ahn
scnnt b.his beqrbah din sR$ k. dR;n. ,inc i.hinffH n1e6in!
finr
i,lianiji ti'lr$i hi ri +iitsnnrs h.nLtah Jcnnn bernaki ce !, i!
mrno dnf,
D .r d(.li,rh S.[i]inr .ni(nh. naiLdr Jirliitr * i$tr Lt t ioi b;h$r
iit t
lMlnh $h 6*,in ni Kcorht d riikrnR.sir. tanar.{ik.hh!i
rrbsn SKvi ii$
(.lnl, trBaurti$ se(b $n drtrn iilnr.
titi" t"lodrrn /1t.nr!.li tt$\i tet
n$, srtr mrh! lrn\tr
!.in$NN,u !t.!nrsenirrl,i v NJ$nitL nrj.i,niD;ininriii
t9
1r I totrt Pt\t;tt_.li\rPoKAN
Salah strr nrhir htrr dM Lrurin L Hrnons {lrrh $dra htuk menrudxkai
nt !t/.r,ptt& t\!h qtur \:) n'jh}.r siljrsr. kh,nur b&atr hrnrd dikc hu:
6ahwo ritrE liili.$-balrxs. ridom' MdoDd tuii kckcmbdm. rcidd, iura d6Dlr
d,larah$ lcbLl, htrN lnqitrr r ri'rckal kc[erbdm .iim Mh.sr.bd.e itu
rrenq.n nrekditrr(k( kct.mtlran (u bsntu a*.n diteralrui o0ia
'ncnNr.hur
k.lonnrok \clonroh. bnik te.il nrrDtrtr bcs .. drtru surtu kcsiom bah.sr
orcio Unn'! nr0$drksn @tr{ststrrDokin (cncbu. diltun ab.d XIX sudan
Dutrcul dm reon v ! rerklirl vtr\ trnn tjatdn, I,aha tthtn nbdrnthentb
ahu ?'!r/rrclr? /r!!rL, d$ A schrn.li* 3.:l 1363)ds.rtrrrnt str ohh I
SchLnidr ll34J- 9(,lt drl(ni rrlnnr $?t. durNr tr ni /r/r (rrr,rr.ro
ltt'.|ha ht. t N,,h. //kr,rr KrRnr tr {,[ Ddrq.ldnrlokao Mt$so
bcno d!; kunu {cori Lnxkl ti5rhrvrliih.mbrm(airqtlblldrhLLtu
'i'.
keduaron $isco. hhihroto(n oL
Wnliuprr A !i!it
tjxtaD lsahxnyr mr* m.nsadlkm
Schlojchcr
Ekon$akn sebuah cenra puba. [a]nutr ia .etah ,n€qei.kd keoad! ki6 sed
mdo.l. yd! lsns0r bcrsni bisi p.ns.jompok,a bd@d,btrhaa di dmia.
Mc.odc o.is.lo'npok btrhasa iu d'disarkad pddn €orinya y.ns erlqEl yens
dintn&Mnyd \taMbtu" h.ik 1rs66l ahu kcnrdiii diketrat dstrlatr uJia
ltdhlt /ie. a6! llrleh. fe.ti id $bemnryi dikc!$anskla d.ri htrkur bunyi
yans dlai( p{da watr Argle sclrl.rcher sendiri adtrtah scdnrs biotog,
'hr
ydrs dipongaruhi olcll rcori Drsil. Sebab itu nodct Slnnnbar yaw
dhrsu iy! rtunuglkud ptrl! griruip skjJsh kctunoa rs oE.gcrntrtdk&,uto
omdrfJ' Jans reh !rdns hdrsor'd. mt. ds bdr.s proK JdJ
b.rk.nbd,grunrdr crbarg.ibdns batrssa, sert pc ge,rbmsu! $tanj[try! ddi
..6dl13-cdl,tu,N !r fl stunt)lr l. ori[n!-.rb
s latrs 6bih ke.il yeS el.p
dri,pdnihrdrd ltuLl$s r bd,( ddtmr wdktu nopu! n,Mg. Scbdsru, *ddh
dhii$+u$ di *.s, dNtu di'i (!ori .M',/,6d,,1 dnlin [d.esp,trdciri li)etrft.
i
BAII V
L4KSIl<OSTiITISTIK
l, Ilr.$rn Penscnhn
B, pERa,\NniAG..\N.
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batsa,&lns dacElr sen6 distck
p*bodjisai ian kck*abdu Muncdt ,\
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