LAPORAN PENELITIAN

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING BEAM CONSTRUCTION OF THE

PELITA BANGSA SCHOOL IN THE CIREBON CITY

Oleh :

ARIEF FIRMANTO ST., MT.

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNSWAGATI CIREBON
TAHUN 2017
 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Judul Penelitian : Analysis and Design Using Beam Construction of the
Pelita Bangsa School in the Cirebon City

Ketua

1. Nama Lnegkap : Arief Firmanto ST., MT.

2. NIDN : 0423057101

3. Jabatan Fungsional : Lektor

4. Program Studi : Teknik Sipil

5. Pusat Penelitian : Lembaga Penelitian Unswagati

6.Alamat Institusi : Jl. Pemuda No. 32 Kota Cirebon

Biaya yang Diusulkan : Rp. 3.500.000

Biaya yang Direkomendasikan : Rp. 3.000.000

Menyetujui, Cirebon, Oktober 2017

Kepala Lemlit Unswagati Cirebon Ketua Penelitian

Dr. H. Amran Jaenudin, Ir., M.S. Arief Firmanto ST., MT.

Mengetahui,
Dekan Fakultas Teknik Unswagatu Cirebon

Fathur Rahman R., ST., MT

 KATA PENGANTAR
Puji Syukur kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, karena atas perkenannya Penelitian
yang berjudul : “Analysis and Design Using Beam Construction of The Pelita
Bangsa School in The Cirebon City” dapat diselesaikan tepat pada waktunya.
Melalui laporan Penelitian ini kami mengucapkan banyak terimakasih atas segala
bantuan dan kesempatan kepada:

• Dekan Fakultas Teknik Unswagati Cirebon

• Kaprodi Teknik Sipil

• Mahasiswa/i Prodi Teknik Sipil

• Semua pihak yeng telah memberikan bantuan dan sumbangan pemikiran

hingga Penelitian ini dapat diselesaikann.
Kami menyadari hasil Penelitian ini masih jauh dari sempurna dan masih
banyak kekurangannya, oleh karena itu kami mohon saran dan kritikannya untuk
pengembangan Penelitian selanjutnya. Dengan segala kerendahan hati kami juga
berharap semoga hasil Penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai pemikiran bagi
pengembangan masyarakat, ilmu , serta praktisi.

Cirebon, Oktober 2017

Penyusun
 CONTENTS

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................ i
CONTENTS ............................................................................................. ii
CONTENTS OF FIGURE ......................................................................... iii
CONTENTS OF TABLE ......................................................................... iv
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY .................................................................... 1
7. BACKGROUND ............................................................... 1
8. FOCUS PROBLEM.......................................................... 2
9. BOUNDARY THE PROBLEM .......................................... 2
10. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM ..............................2
11. RESEARCH PURPOSE .................................................. 3
12. THE USE OF REASEARCH ............................................ 3

CHAPTER II LITERATURE AND BASIC THEORY ................................ 4

B. STATE OF THE ART................................................... 5

C. BASIS OF ESTIMATION AND LOADING DESIGN 7
CHAPTER III METHOD AND OBJECT RESEARCH ............................ 13
A. RESEARCH METHOD ...................................................13

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH RESULT ADN DISCUSSION ..................... 19

A. RESEARCH RESULT.....................................................19
B. DISCUSSION. ............................................................... 20

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................... 22

A. CONCLUSION .............................................................. 22
B. RECOMMENDATION. .................................................. 23

REFERENCES
ATTACHMENT

ii
 CONTENTS OF FIGURE

1. Figure 3.1. Frame of thought ...................................................15

iii
 CONTENTS OF TABLE

1. Table 4.1 Profil structure is used ...................................... 19

2. Table 4.2 Building configuration ....................................... 20

iv
 ABSTRACT

The success of the development from an area, which can be seen

from the education level of the population. Increasingly developed
education level of the population, it will be bring to the level of welfare for
the population. Pelita Bangsa School Cirebon is a private school which
has a ladder Play Group, Kindergarten, Elementary School, Junior High
School and Senior High School, which is located in the city of Cirebon at
the address on Terusan Laut Arafuru Street Blok A1 kavling . 6-7 Cirebon
45131 West Java.
The additional building facilities of Pelita Bangsa School will be
investigated in this thesis which is about structural analysis and design
using steel material with LRFD (Load Resistance Factor Design) system.
Analyze and design the construction of Pelita Bangsa School building with
design code SNI-1729-2015 for building steel structures, SNI-1727-2013,
PPPURG 1987 for loads and then SNI-1726-2012 for earthquake analysis.
Analyze the structure with the help of SAP2000 (Structure Analysis
Program 2000) software and design the building of Sekolah Pelita Bangsa
using steel material.

Keywords: Analysis and design structure, LRFD, steel material, SAP2000

i
 CHAPTER I

PLERIMINARY

A. BACKGROUND
The success of the development from an area, which can be
seen from the education level of the population. Increasingly
developed education level of the population, it will be bring to the
level of welfare for the population.
Improving the quality of human resources (HR) of them
pursued through development in the field of education, especially
through formal education. In the meantime, to improve education
efforts made including increased the infrastructure and facilities in
order to expand the range of services and opportunities to the
community in education.
Pelita Bangsa School Cirebon is a private school which has
a ladder Play Group, Kindergarten, Elementary School, Junior High
School and Senior High School, which is located in the city of

Cirebon at the address on Terusan Laut Arafuru Street Blok A1

kavling . 6-7 Cirebon 45131 West Java.
From that case, the additional building facilities of Pelita
Bangsa School will be investigated in this thesis which is about
structural analysis and design using steel material with LRFD (Load
Resistance Factor Design) system.

1
 2

B. FOCUS THE PROBLEM

Analyze the structure with the help of SAP2000 (Structure
Analysis Program 2000) software and design the building of
Sekolah Pelita Bangsa using steel material.

C. BOUNDARY THE PROBLEM

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING BEAM CONSTRUCTION
OF THE PELITA BANGSA SCHOOL IN THE CIREBON CITY" will
explain to the area of study, so find the solution to the problem.
Therefore, the boundary issues raised as follows:
1. Just analyze and design the construction of Pelita Bangsa
School building with design code SNI-1729-2015 for building
steel structures, SNI-1727-2013, PPPURG 1987 for loads and
then SNI-1726-2012 for earthquake analysis;
2. Designing structure only the building area of the addition of
facilities Pelita Bangsa School;
3. Not designing plumbing and electrical installations;
4. Not calculate load and structure of shear wall and stairs
5. Analyze the earthquakes, just calculate the static equivalent.
6. Just calculate the Cost Plan (RAB) structure;
D. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
1. How to analyze the building of Pelita Bangsa School with the
help of SAP2000 (Structure Analysis Program 2000)
software?
2. How to design the building of Pelita Bangsa School using
steel material with LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor
Design) system?
 3

E. RESEARCH PURPOSE
1. Knowing the results of building analysis of Pelita Bangsa
School with the help of SAP2000 software;
2. Designing the building of Sekolah Pelita Bangsa using steel
material with LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design)
system.

F. THE USE OF RESEARCH

1. Theoretical Usefulness
a) As reference materials research on the analysis and
planning on buildings, especially materials for steel
materials;
b) Increase the mindset of students in studying, observing and
understanding issues related to civil engineering science.

2. Practical Usefulness
a) Knowing how to analyze the structure of the building with the
help of SAP2000 software especially for steel material;
b) Adding to the understanding of structural analysis of the
building in the building especially for steel material;
c) Designing the building especially by using steel material.
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE AND BASIC THEORY

A. PREVIOUSLY RESEARCH
Previously research with a case study that have problems,
with the analysis and discussion of similarities which can later
become a reference in civil engineering community.

The first research is by Rey Abriansyah (2010) doing the

research design the building structure. The title of research is
Analisis Portal Baja Sistem LRFD Pada Perencanaan
Supermarket di Linggarjati Kabupaten Kuningan. Design
building structure of supermarket using the AISC-LRFD method
(Load and Resistance Factor Design) and applied principal of
design steel structure for building according to SNI – 1729 – 2015.
Second research by Yusuf (2016) that was about design of
bulding. The title of research is Analisis Perencanaan Gedung
Aula dan Rektorat Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon
dengan Menggunakan Struktur Beton SNI 2013. The problems is
overload capacity of a building for students.
The third research by Subhan Manthofani (2017) was
analysis structure the building. The title is Analysis Structure the
PT. Tempo Land Building. This research is more leads at the
problems about how to analyzing a building with SAP2000 software
by detail and adding the cost of the plan just for part of the
structure.

4
 5

B. sTATE OF THE ART

1. The Building
According to Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 28
tahun 2002 tentang bangunan gedung. The building is product
physically of the construction to merger with the placed, part or all
of is available above or in the ground has function as the placed for
people doing activity, for dwelling or residence, religion activity,
business activity, cultural and social activity as well special activity.
Available 3 article to setting building with the purpose to:
a. Manifest the building has function and suitable with layout of
building elegant and consistent with environment.
b. Realize the orderly implementation of buildings that ensure the
technical reliability of buildings in terms of safety, health, comfort
and convenience.
c. Realizing the legal capacity in organizing the building.
2. Basic Design
1. Principal of Design LRFD Method
SNI 1729 – 2015 combines the ultimate strength calculation
with the serviceability and the likelihood theory for security
called the Load and Resistance Factor Design - LRFD method.
In the LRFD method there are several design procedures and
commonly referred to as the design of boundary strength, plastic
design, limit design, or collapse design.
LRFD is based on the philosophy of limit state. The term limit
state is used to explain the condition of a structure or part of a
structure no longer perform its function. There are two
categories in the limit state, namely the limit of strength and
serviceability.
 6

The strength limit state is based on the security or load

carrying capacity of the structure including plastic strength,
buckling, crushing, fatigue, bolsters, etc. Serviceability limit state
relate to performance under normal load and are associated
with structural occupancy of excessive deflection, slippage,
vibration, cracking, and deterioration.
In the LRFD, the workload or service load (Qi) multiplied by
the load factor or safety factor (λi) is almost always greater than
1.0 and in the design is used 'loaded load'. The number of
factors varies by type and combination of loading.
The design structure has enough ultimate strength to support
the rated load. The strength is considered equal to the nominal
strength or theoretical strength of the structural element (Rn)
multiplied by a resistance factor or overcapacity factor (φ) which
is generally smaller than 1.0. This resistance factor is used to
account for uncertainties in material strength, dimensions, and
execution. Resistance factors have also been adjusted to
ensure uniformity of reliability in design. In general the concept
of LRFD planning can be described in the following equation

Σ λi Qi ≤ φRn
 7

C. BASIS OF ESTIMATION AND LOADING DESIGN

1. Upper Structure
The upper structure is a building element that is above
ground level. In the planning process include: roof, floor plate,
column, beam, portal.

a) Roof
Roof is a structural element that serves to protect the
building and what is inside of the influence of heat and rain. The
shape of the roof depends on several factors, such as climate,
architecture, building model and so on and harmonize it with the
framework of the building or the shape of the area in order to
add beautiful and graceful and add value from the price of the
building.

b) Slab
Slab is a strucutural element which is has to types, that one
way slab and two way slab. The following is an explaination of
the design of slab, one way slab and two way slab :
 One way slab
One way slab is the slab suppoted on two opposite
edges only, so that the deflection only in one direction, is
on perpendicular direction of the edge supported. In
other words, if the value of Ly / Lx > 2 than the slab is
considered as a one way slab.

 Two way slab

Two way slab is slab that supported on four side with
a deflection which will be occur in two direction
perpendicular. In other words, if the value of Ly / Lx ≤ 2,
than the slab considered as a two way slab
 8

c) Beam
A beam is a part of a structure that serves as a vertical and
horizontal load support. The vertical loads are dead loads and
live loads received by floor plates, the weight of the beams and
the weight of the above insulating wall. While the horizontal load
of wind and earthquake load.
A beam is an important part of the building structure and
aims to carry a transversal load that can be either flexural, shear
or torque. Therefore efficient, economical and safe beam
planning is essential for a building structure especially high-rise
structures or large-scale structures.
The beam calculation can be done using the following
formulation:
Qu = 1,2 DL + 1,6 LL

Mu = 1 𝑥𝑞𝑥𝐿2
8

Metode LRFD 𝞥bMn> Mu

Cheek Kelangsingan Balok
y
t

d
x
t

𝑑 2
zx = b . tf . (d - tf) + tw ( - tf)
2
zy = ½ tf . b2 + ¼ (d - 2tf) + tw2

h w = d - 2 . ( ro + t f )

Mp= Fy xZx
𝑀𝑢
Mp>
∅𝑏
 9

d) Column
A column definition is a component of a building structure
whose main task is to support a vertical axial load with a high,
unsupported height at least three times the smallest lateral
dimension. Columns are vertical composite rods of frame frames
that carry the load from the master beam and the child's block.
The column continues the load from the upper elevation to the
lower elevation until it reaches the ground through the
foundation. The collapse of a column is a critical condition that
can lead to collapse of the floor and the total collapse of the
entire structure.
Columns are structures that support the load from the roof,
the beam and the weight itself that is passed to the foundation.
The structure of the column receives a large vertical load,
otherwise it must be able to withstand horizontal loads even
torque or torque due to the influence of the eccentricity of
loading.
Calculation of columns can be done using the following
formula:
A = 2(bf .tf) + h . tw

2. 𝑡𝑓 . 𝑏𝑓 3 ℎ . 𝑡𝑤 3
Ly = +
12 12
𝑑−𝑡𝑓 2
Lx = 2. 1 . bf . tf 3 + 1 . tw . h3 + 2 . 𝑏𝑓 . 𝑡𝑓 .
12 12 2

𝑙𝑦
ry =
𝐴

- Slimness Control
Kly = 1,0 . L
Klz = 1,0 . L
𝐾𝑙𝑦
𝑟𝑦
 10

- Buckling Tension
Calculates critical buckling tension, Fe
𝜋2 .𝐸
Fey = 𝐾𝑙𝑦
𝑟𝑦

- Elastic Critical Torsed Tension

h0 = d – tf
𝑙𝑦 x h02
Cw =
4
𝑏.𝑡 2 2 . 𝑡𝑓 . 𝑏𝑓 3 + ℎ . 𝑡𝑤 2
J = =
3 3

𝜋 2 . 𝐸 . 𝐶𝑤
Fet = + G .J . 1
(𝐾𝑙𝑧 )2 𝑙𝑥 +𝑙𝑦

- Slimness
Check wings slimness using Table B4. 1a SNI, then
calculates Qs, the wing element reduction factor without
stiffening using Article E7. 1 SNI 1729 - 2015 Specifications
for structural steel structures.
 Kc = 4
ℎ
𝑡𝑤

 For wings : b = 𝑏𝑓
2

 t = tf . b λ = b/f = 4
 Calculate the slimness ratio for wings, λr, from SNI 1729,
Specifications for structural steel building building Table
B4, 1a case 2

λr = 0,64 . 𝐾𝑐 . 𝐸
𝐹𝑦

 Check Slimness on the profile body, then calculate Qs,

the element factor of the entrenched body (body), using
SNI 1729, Specification for the building structure on the
structural steel of Article E7. 2.
λ= ℎ
𝑡𝑤
 11

 Calculate the slim limit for the body in accordance with

SNI 1729 table B4.1a k.5

λr = 1,49 . 𝐸
𝐹𝑦

 Use E7-17, take F as the Fcr calculated by

Q = 1 Calculates bending bending stress, Fcr

4,71 . 𝐸
𝐹𝑦

𝑓𝑦
𝑥
Fcr = 0,658 𝑓𝑒𝑦 x fy
𝐸 0,34 𝐸
be = min ℎ . 1,92 . 𝑡𝑤 . . 1− .
𝑓 ℎ
𝑓
𝑡𝑤

Ae = be .tw + 2 . bf .tf
𝐴𝑒
Qa=
𝐴
Q = Qs .Qa
- Tension Bending
 Calculating bending bending stress, Fcr

4,71 . 𝐸
𝑄 . 𝐹𝑦

𝑄 . 𝑓𝑦
Fcr = 0,658 𝑓𝑒𝑦 x fy

 Nominal Press Strength Pn = Fcr . A

 From SNI 1729, Specifications for structural steel
building building Article E1, Available Pressure Strengths
are:
DFBK
Øc = 0,9 ØcPn
Pu = 0,0007
ØcPn

ØcPn> Pu
 12

e) Portal
Portal is a framework of structures in buildings that must be
able to withstand workloads, either dead loads, live loads, or
temporary loads.
 Portal tak bergoyang ( braced frame )
Braced frames are as portals where buckling wobble is
prevented by stretch elements of the structure and not by the
portal itself. The portal does not sway have properties:
 The portal is symmetrical and works load symmetrically
 Portal that has links to other constructions that do not
wobble.
 Portal bergoyang ( weak frame )
A portal is said to be weak, if:
 Unsymmetrical loads that work on symmetrical or
asymmetric portals
 Symmetrical loads acting on symmetrical or asymmetric
portals.
 CHAPTER III

METHOD AND RESEARCH OBJECT

A. RESEARCH METHOD
1. Research Design
The research design begins with collecting data and study
literature, related to the planning. The data used in this research
are, as follows :
a. The existing data in the form of land and building area, as well
as the function of the building to be planned.
b. Study literature by collecting references from books and the
internet, which is intended as preparation of the thesis.
c. SNI – 1729 – 2015 (Spesifikasi Bangunan Gedung Baja
Struktural)
d. SNI – 1726 – 2012 (Tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa
untuk struktur bangunan gedung dan Non-gedung)
e. SNI – 1727 – 2013 (Beban minimum untuk perancangan
bangunan gedung dan struktur lain)
f. PPPURG 1987 (Pedoman Perencanaan Pembebanan Untuk
Rumah dan Gedung)
g. Taking the conclusions and suggestions of the research result.

13
 14

2. Research Method Used

The research method used are quantitative method and
qualitative methods, the explanation are, as follows :
a. Quantitative method is a method performed by learning the
references and study literature for the preparation of the thesis.
b. Qualitative method is a method performed by collecting data to
be used as a preparation of the thesis. The data obtained are
data from the object research.

3. Types and Source of Data

Based on the origin, the data are grouped to be two data, as
follows :
a. Primary Data
Primary data are the data obtained from survey and direct
observation to the location or object research.
b. Secondary Data
Secondary data is data obtained from references, books and
the internet related to the building design.

4. Collecting Data Method

Collection data method used are the literature method and
observation method, the explanation as follows :
a. The literature method are the method performed by collecting,
learning, and identifying from literature, that comes from books
and the Internet, which is related to the building design.
b. The observation method are the method obtained from the
survey directly, to the location or object research. With the
survey to location of research, it can be seen and obtained data
on the structural design of buildings Pelita Bangsa School
building.
 15

 The research of methodology consist of, several stages in the

flowchart as follows :

Start

Problem

Study Literature and

Collection data

Design Structure

Slab Beam Column Foundation

Analysis Structure

No
Checks Result
Analysis

Yes

Budget The Structure

Finish

Figur 3.1 Frame of thought

 16

 The explanation from several stages into the research

methodology, as follows :
a. Preparation stage
The preparation stage is the stage preliminary, before doing
the survey to research location, Pelita Bangsa School on Jl.
Terusan Laut Arafuru Blok A1 Kavling 6-7 Cirebon.
The survey which doing, is to review the location and capture
of documentation in Pelita Bangsa School building, the goal is for
material research.
b. Problem stage
At this stage, the author will identify the problems obtained
from the survey to research locations. Identification of the problem
are, as follows :
1. How is the capacity of the Pelita Bangsa School?
2. What impact are gained when student additions always occur?
3. How the solution from that problem?
c. Study literature stage
The study literature conducted by collecting a variety of
theory, related to the design of building, the study literature as
follows :
1. Thesis literature from civil engineering students are :
 Rey Abriansyah, 2010 (Analisis Portal Baja Sistem LRFD
Pada Perencanaan Supermarket di Linggar jati Kabupaten
Kuningan)
 Yusuf, 2016 (Analisis Perencanaan Gedung Aula Rektorat
Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon dengan
menggunakan Struktur Beton)
 Subhan Manthofani, 2017 (Analysis Structure the PT Tempo
Land).
 17

2. The rules of SNI and PPPURG 1987 :

 SNI – 1729 – 2015 (Spesifikasi Bangunan Gedung Baja
Struktural)
 SNI – 1726 – 2012 (Tata cara perencanaan gempa untuk
struktur gedung dan non-gedung)
 SNI – 1727 – 2013 (Beban minimum untuk perancangan
bangunan gedung dan struktur lain)
 PPPURG 1987 (Pedoman Perencanaan Pemebabanan
Untuk Rumah dan Gedung).
3. Media Internet.

d. Collection data stage

The collection data stage is discussed in chapter III.

e. Design stage
At this stage, the stage of design the elements of the
structure with manual, as follows :
1. Slab design
2. Beam design
3. Column design
4. Foundation design.

f. Analysis stage
At this stage, the structure has been planned manual, the
analysis using SAP2000 and result from analysis will be compared
with the analysis manual. Stages of the analysis as follows :
1. Modeling the structure
2. Design the frame section structure, (slab, beam, column) without
stairs
 18

3. Calculate the loading system.

4. Calculate the dimension from structure
5. Not calculate load and structure of shear wall and stairs
6. Calculate the earthquake.
 CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. RESEARCH RESULT
By the analysis result that construction of adding the classroom is
very important to support academic activity at the Pelita Bangsa
School. So, there are not need the afternoon classroom and all the
activity could be going fluent.
In the design construction of adding the classroom using steel
structure, and be found used structure profile at the construction
adding the classroom, there are as follows:

Table 4.1 Profile structure is used

Type Floors Material Dimension

Sloof Based floor Concrete 300x600 mm
Pedestal Based floor Concrete 400x400 mm
Beam A Balok Induk Steel WF 350.175.7.11 mm
Beam B Balok Anak 1 Steel WF 300.150.6,5.9 mm
Beam C Balok Anak 2 Steel WF 250.125.6.9 mm
Column A 1st floor Steel HB 350.350.12.19 mm
Column B 2nd and 3rd Steel HB 250.250.9.14 mm
floor
Column C 4th floor Steel HB 200.200.8.12 mm

The structures profile above is capable to serving the loads

happened in the building is appropriate the function.

19
 20

B. DISCUSSION
1. Building Specification
a. Building function : Classroom
b. Building area : 526,832 m2
c. Building height : 12,24 m (including dak roof)
d. Building Configuration :
Table 4.2 Building configuration
No. Building Elevation (m)
1 1st floor +0,00
2 2nd floor +3,06
3 3rd floor +6,12
4 4th floor +9,18
5 Dak roof +12,24

2. Matrial Specification
a. Steel : BJ37, fy = 240 Mpa, fu = 370 Mpa
b. Concrete : K-350, f’c = 29,05 Mpa
c. Rebar : D ≥ 13 mm (fy = 400 Mpa), BJTD-40
Ø ≤ 12 mm (fy = 240 Mpa), BJTD-24

3. Structure Design
a. Slab
The slab is planned from concrete, with the loads based into
using of the floor and appropriate with SNI-1727-2013. The
design of slab is view of two directions are x and y, from lx/ly
will got the coeficient moment so can doing calculations to get
the frame needed. For the calculation of slab in the attachment.
 21

b. Beam and Column

In the design of beam and column, the loads is same witth
slab, it is based on into using of the floor and appropriate with
SNI-1729-2015. The process calculation of beam and column is
view in the attachment and for beam and column profile is view
on the table as follows:
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. CONCLUSION
Based on the result of analysis and discussion, it can be
concluded as follows :
1. In analyzing the structure with SAP2000, the steps that must be
done consists of modeling the structure, define material, define and
design frame section, define the load patterns and run analysis
model of the structure.
2. The results from the analysis are internal forces (moment, axial and
shear) that will be used in the design phase of the structure.
3. The result from analysis lateral force (earthquake), it can concluded
the lateral force greatest is 26,2699 kN.
4. The result of analysis structure using SAP2000 for the design of the
project data there are several frames that are repleced as follows:

Frame Saat Analisis Frame Desain Baru

Jenis Jenis
Lantai Ke- Jumlah Lantai Ke- Jumlah
Frame Frame
2 14 2 14
Kolom B Kolom A
3 4 3 4
Total - 18 Total - 18

5. After replacing multiple results frame of the new design analysis

there is no inadequate steel frame. So for this new design can be
used as a structure for the school function at the building of Sekolah
Pelita Bangsa.
6. The vertical load of pile group is 70,074 kN, less then more from the
maximum load permitted is 1128,704 kN, it can be concluded
that the foundation in Sekolah Pelita Bangsa is safe.

22
 23

7. From the result budget of the structures, it can be total budget

Rp
structures is 6,253,768,965.98,-
B. RECOMMENDATION
The recommendation submitted as
follows :
1. In conducting analysis using SAP2000 needed preliminary design
and accurate when inputted the data (material, section properties
and loads).
2. Regarding the design of the structure, to be note the design code
(standar perencanaan).
 REFERENCES

Fakultas Teknik. 2015, Buku Penyusunan Skripsi Program Studi Teknik Sipil,
Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon

Abriansyah, Rey. 2010, Analisis Portal Baja Sistem LRFD Pada Perencanaan
Supermarket di Linggarjati Kabupaten Kuningan. Universitas Swadaya
Gunung Jati, Cirebon

Yusuf. 2016. Analisis Perencanaan Gedung Aula dan Rektorat Universitas

Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon dengan Menggunakan Struktur Beton SNI
2013. Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon

Manthofani, Subhan. 2017, Analysis Structure the PT. Tempo Land Building.
Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon

Phiegianto, Fendy, dkk. 2015, Perencanaan Elemen Struktur Baja Berdasarkan

SNI 1729:2015, Universitas Kristen Petra,
http://studentjournal.petra.ac.id/index.php/teknik-sipil/article/view/3891

Buku Struktur Baja Dasar, Politeknik Bandung

(https://esabudi.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/struktur-baja-dasar.pdf) akses 6
juni 2017, 08:00

Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Metode LRFD Dengan Contoh Batang Tarik
Dan Tekan http://ced.petra.ac.id/index.php/civ/article/viewFile/15523/15515
akses 6 juni 2017, 9:53

Khafis, Muhammad. 2009, Perencanaan Struktur Baja Pada Bangunan Tujuh

Lantai Sebagai Hotel. Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
https://eprints.uns.ac.id/3467/1/161712608201008091.pdf akses 8 juni 2017
9:50

Setiawan, Agus. Perencanaan Struktur Baja dengan Metode LRFD (Berdasarkan

SNI 03-1729-2002)
 https://ebooktekniksipil.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/92_struktur-baja-metode-
lrfd.pdf

Pengenalan SNI 1729:2015 Bambang Suryoatmono Pelatihan Kompetensi MSTB –

JTSL – FT ‐ UGM Magelang– 18 November 2015
http://adminbeta.undiknas.ac.id/assets/sipil_bahan_ajar/Struktur_baja_1/Prof.%
20Ir.%20Bambang%20Suryoatmo,%20Ph.D.%20-
%20Pengenalan%20SNI%201729-2015.pdf
Perhitungan kolom menggunakan data beban lantai 1

Data yang digunakan :

Tegangan leleh baja (yield stress ), fy = 240

Modulus elastik baja (modulus of elasticity ), E = 200000
Angka Poisson (Poisson's ratio ), u= 0,3

1. Properti Geometri
Profil yang digunakan pada perencanaan ini menggunakan Profil Baja H
Faktor Perencanaan beban :
Jumlah lantai yang dipikul Koefisien reduksi
1 1
2 1
3 0,9
4 0,8
5 0,7
(factor reduksi untuk menentukan perlantai dan untuk mengetahui beban perlantai )
dalam tabel peraturan SNI terbaru tentang perencanaan struktur.
 Beban hidup ( L ) yang bekerja pada masing masing lantai

LT 4 = 1 KN/m² x 1 x 1 = 1
LT 3 = 1,92 KN/m² x 1 x 2 = 3,84
LT 2 = 1,92 KN/m² x 0,9 x 3 = 5,184
LT 1 = 1,92 KN/m² x 0,8 x 4 = 6,144

Beban Mati ( D ) yang bekerja pada masing masing lantai

LT 4 = 2,82 KN/m² x 1 x 1 = 2,82

LT 3 = 4,8 KN/m² x 1 x 2 = 9,6
LT 2 = 4,8 KN/m² x 0,9 x 3 = 12,96
LT 1 = 4,8 KN/m² x 0,8 x 4 = 15,36

Untuk beban kolom per lantai :

DL LL Penambahan sebab Penambahan sebab

DL LL
LT 4 2,82 1 2,82 1
LT 3 9,6 3,84 12,42 4,84
LT 2 12,96 5,184 25,38 10,024
LT 1 15,36 6,144 40,74 16,168
(*Penambahan Beban yang terjadi dikarenakan beban kolom paling dasar menerima
beban kolom yang I atas di karenakan beban selalu turun ke bawah , setiap kolom
menerima beban kolom di atasnya )

Maka perhitungan kolom menggunakan data pembebanan LT 1

pd = 40,74 KN
pl = 16,168 KN
L = 3,06 m
G = 9,791 x105 = 979100
Fy = 240 Mpa
E = 200000 Mpa
v = 0,3
Profil WF 350 350 12 19

Properti geometri
kolom tersusun h= d - ( 2 x tf ) = 312
d= 350
bf = 350
tw = 12
tf= 19
ro= 15,22

Properti Penampang
A = 2 ( bf . tf ) + h . tw
A= 17044
1,7044 x 104

Ly =

Ly = 136309969,3
136,3099693 x 106
Lx=2
Lx = 32972586,33
32,97258633 x106
ry = 89,42893263 mm

Tegangan tekuk lentur elastis

>Kontrol kelangsingan
Untuk kontrol pin pin, k= 1
Kly = 3,06 m = Klz = 3060 mm

Kly
= 34,2171
ry
>Tegangan kritis
Menghitung tegangan tekuk kritis, Fe
Fey =

Fey = 1684,2344

>Tegangan tekuk torsional kritis elastis

h0 = d – tf
H0 = 331

cw =

cw = 3733564137532
3,733564138 x1012

j =

j = 543098309,3
5,430983093 x108

Fet =

Fet = 3145828,107 Mpa > 554,43 Mpa

>Kelangsingan

Kc =

Kc = 0,784464541
Untuk sayap
b =

b = 175
t = 3325
Hitung ratio kelangsingan
λr =

λr = 16,3634928

Cek kelangsingan pada badan profil

λ =

λ = 26

Hitug batas kelangsingan

λr =

λr = 43,01259505

gunakan E7-17 ambil f sebagai Fcr yang dihitung berdasarkan Q = 1

Menghitung tegangan tekuk lentur, Fcr

4,71 .
= 135,9659884

Karena Kly
= 34,217 < 135,9659884
ry

Maka Fcr = X Fy

Maka Fcr = 226,104288

be =

be = 130644,7578
130,6447578 mm

Ae = be . tw + 2 . bf . tf
Ae = 14867,73709
1,486773709 x 104 mm2

Qa =
Qa = 0,872315014 Qs = 1
Q = Qs . Qa
Q= 0,872315014

>Tegangan tekuk lentur, Fcr

4,71

= 145,58

karena Kly
= 34,217 < 145,5772833
ry
Maka x fy

Fcr = 227,8327498 Mpa

Kekuatan Tekan Normal

Pn = Fcr . A
Pn = 3883181,387
38,83181387 x 105

Dari SNI 1729, spesifikasi untuk bangunan gedung baja struktur pasal E1,
Kekuatan Tekanan Yang Tersedia adalah:
DFBK
Øc = 0,9
Øc*Pn = 3494863,248
3494,86 kN

Pu = 74,7568 kN

Pu Øc*Pn > Pu .......... OK

= 0,02139048
Øc*Pn
 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

PERHITUNGAN TUMPUAN (BEARING )

BASE PLATE DAN ANGKUR
[C]2011 : M. Noer Ilham

ht
h
a 0.95 ht a
Pu
f f
Mu
B I
f f

Vu
L
J

1. DATA TUMPUAN

BEBAN KOLOM DATA BEBAN KOLOM

Gaya aksial akibat beban terfaktor, Pu = 1121178 N
Momen akibat beban terfaktor, Mu = 98746271 Nmm
Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vu = 63095,92 N
PLAT TUMPUAN (BASE PLATE) DATA PLAT TUMPUAN
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 240 MPa
Tegangan tarik putus plat, fp= 370 MPa
u
Lebar plat tumpuan, B= 400 mm
Panjang plat tumpuan, L= 540 mm
Tebal plat tumpuan, t= 50 mm
KOLOM PEDESTRAL DATA KOLOM BETON
Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 29,05 MPa
Lebar penampang kolom, I= 600 mm
Panjang penampang kolom, J= 600 mm

[C]2011 : MNI Tumpuan (Bearing) 1

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

DIMENSI KOLOM BAJA DATA KOLOM BAJA

Profil baja : HB 300.300.10.15
Tinggi total, ht = 300 mm
Lebar sayap, bf = 300 mm
Tebal badan, tw = 10 mm
Tebal sayap, tf = 15 mm
ANGKUR BAUT DATA ANGKUR BAUT
Jenis angkur baut, Tipe : A-325
Tegangan tarik putus angkur baut, fb= 825 MPa
u
Tegangan leleh angkur baut, fy = 400 MPa
Diameter angkur baut, d= 19 mm
Jumlah angkur baut pada sisi tarik, nt = 3 bh
Jumlah angkur baut pada sisi tekan, nc = 3 bh
Jarak baut terhadap pusat penampang kolom, f= 220 mm
Panjang angkur baut yang tertanam di beton, La = 500 mm

2. EKSENTRISITAS BEBAN
Eksentrisitas beban,
ht e = Mu / Pu = 88,07 mm
h
L/6= 90,00 mm
Pu
e<L/6
f e
ec h = ht - tf = 285 mm
et = f + h / 2 = 363 mm
ec = f - h / 2 = 77,5 mm
t

Jumlah angkur baut total,

fcu
n = nt + nc = 6 bh

et Y/3
Pu + P t
Y
Pt
L

[C]2011 : MNI Tumpuan (Bearing) 2

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

3. TAHANAN TUMPU BETON

Gaya tarik pada angkur baut, Pt = Pu * ec / et = 239700 N

Gaya tekan total pada plat tumpuan, Puc = Pu + Pt = 1360878 N
Panjang bidang tegangan tekan beton, Y = 3 * ( L - h ) / 2 = 382,50 mm
Luas plat tumpuan baja, A1 = B * L = 216000 mm2
Luas penampang kolom pedestral, A =I*J = mm2
2 360000
Tegangan tumpu nominal, fcn = 0.85 * fc' * √ ( A2 / A1 ) = 31,878 MPa
fcn = 1.70 * fc' = 49,385 MPa
Tegangan tumpu nominal beton yg digunakan, fcn = 31,878 MPa
Faktor reduksi kekuatan tekan beton, = 0,65
Tegangan tumpu beton yg diijinkan,  * fcn = 20,721 MPa
Tegangan tumpu maksimum yang terjadi pada beton,
fcu = 2 * Puc / ( Y * B ) = 17,789 MPa
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
fcu ≤  * fcn
17,789 < 20,721  AMAN (OK)

a 0.95 ht a

B I
f f

L
J

[C]2011 : MNI Tumpuan (Bearing) 3

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

4. KONTROL DIMENSI PLAT TUMPUAN

Lebar minimum plat tumpuan yang diperlukan,

Bp min = Puc / ( 0.5 *  * fcn * Y ) = 343 mm
Lebar plat yang digunakan, B= 400 mm
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Bp min  B
343 < 400  AMAN (OK)
Panjang bagian plat tumpuan jepit bebas,
a = ( L - 0.95 * ht ) / 2 = 127,5 mm
fcu1 = ( 1 - a / Y ) * fcu = 11,860 MPa
Modulus penampang plastis plat, Z = 1/4 * B * t2 = 250000 mm3
Momen yang terjadi pada plat akibat beban terfaktor,
Mup = 1/2 * B * fcu1 * a2 + 1/3 * B * ( fcu - fcu1 ) * a2 = 51410951 Nmm
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur, b = 0,90
Tahanan momen nominal plat, Mn = fy * Z = 60000000 Nmm
Tahanan momen plat, b * Mn = 54000000 Nmm
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Mup  b * Mn
51410951 < 54000000  AMAN (OK)

5. GAYA TARIK PADA ANGKUR BAUT

Gaya tarik pada angkur baut, Tu1 = Pt / nbt = 79900 N

Tegangan tarik putus angkur baut, fu = 825 MPa
Luas penampang angkur baut, Ab=  / 4 * d2 = 284 mm2
Faktor reduksi kekuatan tarik, bt = 0,90
Tahanan tarik nominal angkur baut, Tn = 0.75 * Ab * fu = 175433 N
Tahanan tarik angkur baut, t * Tn = 157890 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Tu1  t * Tn
79900 < 157890  AMAN (OK)

[C]2011 : MNI Tumpuan (Bearing) 4

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

6. GAYA GESER PADA ANGKUR BAUT

Gaya geser pada angkur baut, Vu1 = Vu / nb = 10516 N

Tegangan tarik putus baut, fu = 825 MPa
Jumlah penampang geser, m= 1
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r12 = 0,4
2
Luas penampang baut, Ab =  / 4 * d = 284 mm
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, f = 0,75
b
Tahanan geser nominal, Vn = r1 * m * Ab * fu = 93564 N
Tahanan geser angkur baut, f * Vn = 70173 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Vu1  f * Vn
10516 < 70173  AMAN (OK)

7. GAYA TUMPU PADA ANGKUR BAUT

Gaya tumpu pada angkur baut, Ru1 = Vu1 = 10516 N

Diameter baut, d= 19 mm
Tebal plat tumpu, t=
p 50 mm
Tegangan tarik putus plat, fu = 370 MPa
Tahanan tumpu nominal, Rn = 2.4 * d * t * f p = 843600 N
Tahanan tumpu, f * Rn = 632700 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Ru1  f * Rn
10516 < 632700  AMAN (OK)

8. KOMBINASI GESER DAN TARIK

Konstanta tegangan untuk baut mutu tinggi, f1 = 807 MPa

f2 = 621 MPa
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r2 = 1,9
Tegangan geser akibat beban terfaktor, fuv = Vu / ( n * Ab )b = 37,09 MPa
Kuat geser angkur baut, f * r1 * m * fu = 247,50 MPa

[C]2011 : MNI Tumpuan (Bearing) 5

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

Syarat yang harus dipenuhi : b

fuv = Vu / ( n * Ab )  f * r1 * m * fu
37,09 < 247,50  AMAN (OK)
Gaya tarik akibat beban terfaktor, Tu1 = 79900 N
Tahanan tarik angkur baut, f * Tn = f * f1 * Ab = 171606 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Tu1  f * f1 * Ab
79900 < 171606  b AMAN (OK)
Kuat tarik angkur baut, ft = 0.75 * fu = 618,75 MPa
Batas tegangan kombinasi, f1 - r2 * fuv = 736,53 MPa
f2 = 621,00 MPa
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
ft  f1 - r2 * fuv
618,75 < 736,53  AMAN (OK)
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
ft  f2
618,75 < 621,00  AMAN (OK)

9. KONTROL PANJANG ANGKUR BAUT

Panjang angkur tanam yang digunakan, La = 500 mm

Kuat tekan beton, fc' = 29
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 400
Diameter angkur baut, d= 19
Panjang angkur tanam minimum yang diperlukan,
Lmin = fy / ( 4 *  fc' ) * d = 353 mm
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Lmin  La
353 < 500  AMAN (OK)

[C]2011 : MNI Tumpuan (Bearing) 6

1. PERHITUNGAN BALOK A (IWF 350x175x7x11)

PERHITUNGAN BALOK DENGAN PENGAKU BADAN

[C]2011 : M. Noer Ilham

A. DATA BAHAN

Tegangan leleh baja (yield stress ), fy = 240 MPa

Tegangan sisa (residual stress ), fr = 70 MPa
Modulus elastik baja (modulus of elasticity ), E= 200000 MPa
Angka Poisson (Poisson's ratio ), = 0,3

B. DATA PROFIL BAJA

Profil : WF 350.175.7.11
ht = 350 mm
bf = 175 mm
tf tw = 7 mm
tf = 11 mm
tw r= 14 mm

h h2 ht A= 6314 mm2
Ix = 136000000 mm4
Iy = 9840000 mm4
rx = 146,8 mm
r
h1 ry = 39,5 mm
Sx = 777000 mm3
bf mm3
Sy = 112000
Berat : w= 495,6 N/m

BALOK DENGAN PENGAKU BADAN

C. DATA BALOK

Panjang elemen thd.sb. x, Lx = 7600 mm

Panjang elemen thd.sb. y ( jarak dukungan lateral ), Ly = 1900 mm
Jarak antara pengaku vertikal pada badan, a= 1000 mm
Tebal plat pengaku vertikal pada badan, ts = 13 mm
Momen maksimum akibat beban terfaktor, Mu = 98746270,9 Nmm
Momen pada 1/4 bentang, MA = 13812328,2 Nmm
Momen di tengah bentang, MB = 23983707,3 Nmm
Momen pada 3/4 bentang, MC = 6885304 Nmm
Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vu = 63095,92 N
Faktor reduksi kekuatan untuk lentur, b = 0,90
Faktor reduksi kekuatan untuk geser, f = 0,75

D. SECTION PROPERTIES
G=E/[2*(1+)] = 76923 MPa
h 1 = tf + r = 25,00 mm
h2 = h t - 2 * h1 = 300,00 mm
h = h t - tf = 339,00 mm
J =  [ b * t3/3 ] = 2 * 1/3 * b * t 3 + 1/3 * (h - 2 * t ) * t 3 = mm4
f f t f 2 w 192784,7 6
Iw = Iy * h / 4 = 2,827E+11 mm
X1 =  / Sx * √ [ E * G * J * 2A / 2 ] = 12372,2 MPa
2 2
X2 =2 4 * [ Sx / (G * J) ] * Iw / Iy = 0,0003155 mm /N
3
Zx = tw * ht 2/ 4 + ( bf - tw ) * ( ht - 2tf ) * tf = 840847,0 mm
Z=t*b /2+(h-2*t)*t /4= mm3
y f f t f w 172455,5

G = modulus geser, Zx = modulus penampang plastis thd. sb. x,

J = Konstanta puntir torsi, Zy = modulus penampang plastis thd. sb. y,
Iw = konstanta putir lengkung, X1 = koefisien momen tekuk torsi lateral - 1,
h = tinggi bersih badan, X2 = koefisien momen tekuk torsi lateral - 2,
E. PERHITUNGAN KEKUATAN

Syarat yg harus dipenuhi untuk balok dengan pengaku, maka nilai : a / h ≤ 3.0
a/h= 2,950 < 3,00
 berlaku rumus balok dengan pengaku (OK)
Ketebalan plat badan dengan pengaku vertikal tanpa pengaku memanjang harus meme-
nuhi : h / tw  7.07 * √ ( E / fy )
48,429 < 204,09  tebal plat badan memenuhi (OK)

1. MOMEN NOMINAL PENGARUH LOCAL BUCKLING

1.1. Pengaruh tekuk lokal (local buckling) pada sayap

Kelangsingan penampang sayap,  = bf / tf = 15,909

Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang compact ,
p = 500 / √ fy = 32,275
Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang non-compact ,
r = 625 / √ fy = 40,344
Momen plastis, Mp = fy * Zx = 201803280 Nmm
Momen batas tekuk, Mr = Sx * ( fy - fr ) = 132090000 Nmm
Momen nominal penampang untuk :
a. Penampang compact ,   p
→ Mn = Mp
b. Penampang non-compact , p <   r
→ Mn = Mp - (Mp - Mr) * (  - p) / ( r - p)
c. Penampang langsing ,  > r
→ M = M (  /  )2

 < p dan  < r

Berdasarkan nilai kelangsingan sayap, maka termasuk penampang compact
Momen nominal penampang dihitung sebagai berikut :
compact : Mn = Mp = 201803280 Nmm
non-compact : Mn = Mp - (Mp - Mr) * (  - p) / ( r - p) = - Nmm
langsing : M =M r * (  /  ) =2
- Nmm
n r
Momen nominal untuk penampang : compact Mn = 201803280 Nmm
1.2. Pengaruh tekuk lokal (local buckling) pada badan

Kelangsingan penampang badan,  = h / tw = 48,429

Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang compact ,
p = 1680 / √ fy = 108,444
Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang non-compact ,
r = 2550 / √ fy = 164,602
 < p dan  < r
Berdasarkan nilai kelangsingan badan, maka termasuk penampang compact
Momen nominal penampang dihitung sebagai berikut :
compact : Mn = Mp = 201803280 Nmm
non-compact : Mn = Mp - (Mp - Mr) * (  - p) / ( r - p) = - Nmm
langsing : M = M r * (  /  )2 = - Nmm
n r
Momen nominal untuk penampang : compact Mn = 201803280 Nmm

2. MOMEN NOMINAL BALOK PLAT BERDINDING PENUH

Kelangsingan penampang badan,  = h / tw = 48,429

Untuk penampang yang mempunyai ukuran : h / tw > r
48,429 > 40,344
maka momen nominal komponen struktur, harus dihitung dengan rumus :
Mn = Kg * S * fcr
dengan, Kg = 1 - [ ar / (1200 + 300 * ar) ] * [ h / tw - 2550 / fcr ]
a. Untuk kelangsingan : G ≤ p → fcr = fy
b. Untuk kelangsingan :  p <  G ≤ r
→ fcr = Cb * fy * [ 1 - ( G - p ) / ( 2 * ( r - p ) ) ] ≤ fy
c. Untuk kelangsingan : G >  r → fcr = fc* (  /r  G )2 ≤f y
Untuk tekuk torsi lateral : → f c = Cb * f y / 2 ≤ fy
Untuk tekuk lokal : → fc = f y / 2
Koefisien momen tekuk torsi lateral,
Cb = 12.5 * Mu / ( 2.5*Mu + 3*MA + 4*MB + 3*MC ) = 3,05 > 2.3
 diambil, Cb = 2,30
Perbandingan luas plat badan terhadap luas plat sayap,
ar = h * tw3 / ( bf * tf ) = 1,233
4
Momen inersia, I1 = Iy / 2 - 1/12 * tw * 1/3 * h2 = 4917142 mm
Luas penampang, A1 = A / 2 - 1/3 * tw * h2 = 2457 mm2
Jari-jari girasi daerah plat sayap ditambah sepertiga bagian plat badan yang mengalami
tekan, r1 =  ( I1 / A1 ) = 45 mm

2.1. Momen nominal berdasarkan tekuk torsi lateral

Jarak antara pengekang lateral, L = Ly = 1900 mm

Angka kelangsingan,  G = L / r1 = 42,472
Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang compact ,
p = 1.76 * √ ( E / fy ) = 50,807
Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang non-compact ,
r = 4.40 * √ ( E / fy ) = 127,017
Tegangan acuan untuk momen kritis tekuk torsi lateral,
fc = Cb * f y / 2 = 276,00 MPa
fc > fy maka diambil, fc = 240,00 MPa
G < p dan G < r
Tegangan kritis penampang dihitung sebagai berikut :
G ≤ p fcr = fy = 240,00 MPa
p ≤ G ≤ r fcr = Cb* fy* [ 1 - ( G - p) / ( 2*( r - p) ) ] = - MPa
G > r f = f * (  /  )2 = - MPa
cr c r G
fcr = 240,00 MPa
fcr < fy maka diambil, fcr = 240,00 MPa
Modulus penam pang elastis, S = Sx = 777000 mm3

Koefisien balok plat berdinding penuh,

Kg = 1 - [ ar / (1200 + 300 * ar) ] * [ h / tw - 2550 /  fcr ] = 1,091
Momen nominal penampang, Mn = Kg * S * fcr = 203492022 Nmm

2.2. Momen nominal berdasarkan local buckling pada sayap

Kelangsingan penampang sayap,  G = bf / ( 2 * t f ) = 7,95

Faktor kelangsingan plat badan, ke = 4 /  ( h / tw ) = 0,575 < 0.763
diambil, ke = 0,575
Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang compact ,
p = 0.38 * √ ( E / fy ) = 10,97
Batas kelangsingan maksimum untuk penampang non-compact ,
r = 1.35 * √ ( ke * E / fy ) = 29,55
Tegangan acuan untuk momen kritis tekuk lokal, fc = f y / 2 = 120,00 MPa
G < p dan G < r
Tegangan kritis penampang dihitung sebagai berikut :
G ≤ p fcr = fy = 240,00 MPa
p ≤ G ≤ r fcr = Cb* fy* [ 1 - ( G - p) / ( 2*( r - p) ) ] = - MPa
G > r f = f * (  /  )2 = - MPa
cr c r G
Tegangan kritis penampang, fcr = 240,00 MPa
fcr < fy maka diambil, fcr = 240,00 MPa
Modulus penampang elastis, S = Sx = 777000 mm3
Koefisien balok plat berdinding penuh,
Kg = 1 - [ ar / (1200 + 300 * ar) ] * [ h / tw - 2550 /  fcr ] = 1,091
Momen nominal penampang, Mn = Kg * S * fcr = 203492022 Nmm

3. MOMEN NOMINAL PENGARUH LATERAL BUCKLING

Momen nominal komponen struktur dengan pengaruh tekuk lateral, untuk :

a. Bentang pendek : L  Lp
→ Mn = Mp = fy * Zx
b. Bentang sedang : Lp < L  L r
→ Mn = Cb * [ Mr + ( Mp - Mr ) * ( Lr - L ) / ( Lr - Lp ) ]  Mp
c. Bentang panjang : L > Lr
→ M n = Cb *  / L*√ [ E * Iy * G * J + (  * E / L )2 * I y * Iw ]  Mp
Panjang bentang maksimum balok yang mampu menahan momen plastis,
Lp = 1.76 * ry * √ ( E / fy ) = 2007 mm
Tegangan leleh dikurangi tegangan sisa, fL = fy - fr = 170 MPa
Panjang bentang minimum balok yang tahanannya ditentukan oleh momen kritis tekuk
2
torsi lateral, Lr = ry * X1 / fL * √ [ 1 + √ ( 1 + X2 * fL ) ] = 5878 mm
Koefisien momen tekuk torsi lateral,
Cb = 12.5 * Mu / ( 2.5*Mu + 3*MA + 4*MB + 3*MC ) = 2,30
Momen plastis, Mp = fy * Zx = 201803280 Nmm
Momen batas tekuk, Mr = Sx * ( fy - fr ) = 132090000 Nmm
Panjang bentang thd.sb. y (jarak dukungan lateral), L = Ly = 1900 mm
 L < Lp dan L < Lr
 Termasuk kategori : bentang pendek
Momen nominal dihitung sebagai berikut :
Mn = Mp = fy * Zx = 201803280 Nmm
Mn = Cb * [ Mr + ( Mp - Mr ) * ( Lr - L ) / ( Lr - Lp ) ] = - Nmm
M = C *  / L*√ [ E * I * G * J + (  * E / L )2 * I * I ] = - Nmm
n b y y w
Momen nominal balok untuk kategori : bentang pendek Mn = 201803280 Nmm
Mn > Mp
Momen nominal yang digunakan, Mn = 201803280 Nmm

4. TAHANAN MOMEN LENTUR

a. Momen nominal pengaruh local buckling :

Momen nominal pengaruh local buckling pada sayap, Mn = 201803280 Nmm
Momen nominal pengaruh local buckling pada badan, Mn = 201803280 Nmm
b. Momen nominal balok plat berdinding penuh :
Momen nominal berdasarkan tekuk torsi lateral, Mn = 203492022 Nmm
Momen nominal berdasarkan local buckling pd. sayap, Mn = 203492022 Nmm
c. Momen nominal berdasarkan pengaruh lateral buckling , Mn = 201803280 Nmm
Momen nominal (terkecil) yang menentukan,  Mn = 201803280 Nmm
Tahanan momen lentur, b * Mn = 181622952 Nmm
Momen akibat beban terfaktor, Mu = 98746270,9 Nmm
Syarat yg harus dipenuhi : Mu  b * Mn
98746271 < 181622952  AMAN (OK)

Mu / ( b * Mn ) = 0,5437 < 1.0 (OK)

5. TAHANAN GESER

Tahanan geser nominal plat badan dengan pengaku dihitung sebagai berikut :
Untuk nilai, h / tw ≤ 1.10 *  ( kn * E / fy )
Tahanan geser plastis :
→ Vn = 0.60 * fy * Aw
Untuk nilai, 1.10 *  ( kn * E / fy ) ≤ h / tw ≤ 1.37 *  ( kn * E / fy )
Tahanan geser elasto plastis :
→ Vn = 0.60 * fy * Aw * [ 1.10* ( kn * E / fy ) ] / ( h / tw )
Untuk nilai, h / tw > 1.37 *  ( kn * E / fy )
Tahanan geser elastis :
2
→ Vn = 0.90 * Aw * kn * E / ( h / tw )

Luas penampang badan, Aw = tw* h =

2t
2450 mm2
kn = 5 + 5 / ( a / h ) = 5,5746
Perbandingan tinggi terhadap tebal badan, h / tw = 48,429
1.10 *  ( kn * E / fy ) = 74,974
1.37 *  ( kn * E / fy ) = 93,376
h / tw < 1.10* ( kn*E / fy ) dan h / tw < 1.37* ( kn*E / fy )
 Tahanan geser plastis
Tahanan geser nominal dihitung sebagai berikut :
Vn = 0.60 * fy * Aw = 352800 N
Vn = 0.60 * fy * Aw * [ 1.10* ( kn * E / fy ) ] / ( h / tw ) = - N
V = 0.90 * A * k * E / ( h / t )2 = - N
n w n w

Tahana geser nominal untuk geser : plastis Vn = 352800 N

Tahanan gaya geser, f * Vn = 264600 N
Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vu = 63095,92 N
Syarat yg harus dipenuhi : Vu  f * Vn
63095,92 < 264600  AMAN (OK)

6. INTERAKSI GESER DAN LENTUR

Elemen yang memikul kombinasi geser dan lentur harus dilakukan kontrol sbb. :
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi untuk interakasi geser dan lentur :
Mu / ( b * Mn ) + 0.625 * Vu / ( f * Vn )  1,375
 Mu / ( b * Mn ) = 0,5437
Vu / ( f * Vn ) = 0,2385
Mu / ( b * Mn ) + 0.625 * Vu / ( f * Vn ) = 0,6927
0,6927 < 1.375 AMAN (OK)

7. DIMENSI PENGAKU VERTIKAL PADA BADAN

Luas penampang plat pengaku vertikal harus memenuhi,

A ≥ 0.5 * D * A * (1 + C ) * [ a / h - (a / h)2 /  (1 + (a / h)2 ) ]
s w v
Tebal plat pengaku vertikal pada badan (stiffner ), ts = 13 mm
Tinggi plat pengaku, hs = ht - 2 * tf = 328 mm
Luas penampang plat pengaku, As = hs * ts = 4264 mm2
Untuk sepasang pengaku, D= 1
2
Cv = 1.5 * kn * E / fy * 1 / ( h /tw ) = 2,9711
0.5 * D * Aw * (1 + Cv) * [ a / h - (a / h)2 /  (1 + (a / h)2 ) ] = 760 mm2
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
2 2
As ≥ 0.5 * D * Aw * (1 + Cv) * [ a / h - (a / h) /  (1 + (a / h) ) ]
4264 > 760  AMAN (OK)

Pengaku vertikal pada plat badan harus mempunyai momen inersia :

3
Is ≥ 0.75 * h * tw untuk a / h ≤ 2
Is ≥ 1.5 * h3 * t w 3 / a2 untuk a / h > 2

Momen inersia plat pengaku, Is = 2/3 * hs * ts3 = 480411 mm4

untuk, a/h= 2,950 > 2
Batasan momen inersia pengaku vertikal dihitung sebagai berikut :
0.75 * h * t w3 = - mm4
3 3 4
1.5 * h * t / a2 = 20044 mm
w

M omen inersia minimum = 20044 mm4

Kontrol momen inersia plat pengaku,
Is = 480411 > 20044  AMAN (OK)
 PERHITUNGAN PELAT LANTAI DAK TIPE A (1,9 x 6,850) m

A. DATA BAHAN STRUKTUR

Kuat tekan beton, fc ' = 29,05 MPa

Tegangan leleh baja untuk tulangan lentur, fy = 240 MPa

B. DATA PLAT LANTAI

Panjang bentang plat arah x, Lx = 1,90 m

Panjang bentang plat arah y, Ly = 6,850 m
Tebal plat lantai, h= 100 mm
Koefisien momen plat untuk : Ly / L x = 3,61 KOEFISIEN MOMEN PLAT

SATU ARAH karena Ly/Lx>2

Lapangan x Clx = 63
Lapangan y Cly = 13
Tumpuan x Ctx = 63
Tumpuan y Cty = 38
Tabel 1 dengan 4 sisi terjepit

Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, = 10 mm

Tebal bersih selimut beton, ts = 20 mm

C. BEBAN PLAT LANTAI

1. BEBAN MATI (DEAD LOAD )

No Jenis Beban Mati Berat satuan Tebal (m) Q (kN/m2)

1 Berat sendiri plat lantai (kN/m3) 24,0 0,1 2,400
2 Waterproffing (kN/m3) 22,0 0,01 0,220
3 Berat plafon dan rangka (kN/m2) 0,2 - 0,200

Total beban mati, QD = 2,820

2. BEBAN HIDUP (LIVE LOAD ) & BEBAN ANGIN (WIND LOAD)
Beban hidup = 100 kg/m22
 QLr = 1,00 kN/m

3. BEBAN RENCANA TERFAKTOR

Qu = 1.2 * Q D + 1.6 * Q L= 4,984 kN/m2

4. MOMEN PLAT AKIBAT BEBAN TERFAKTOR

Momen lapangan arah x, Mulx = Clx * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 1,134 kNm/m

Momen lapangan arah y, Muly = Cly * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 0,234 kNm/m
Momen tumpuan arah x, Mutx = Ctx * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 1,134 kNm/m
Momen tumpuan arah y, Muty = Cty * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 0,684 kNm/m
Momen rencana (maksimum) plat,  Mu = 1,134 kNm/m

D. PENULANGAN PLAT

Untuk : fc' ≤ 30 MPa, 1 =  0,85


Untuk : fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.05 * ( fc' - 30) / 7 = -

Faktor bentuk distribusi tegangan beton,  1 = 0,85
Rasio tulangan pada kondisi balance , 
b = 1* 0.85 * fc'/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) =  0,0625
Faktor tahanan momen maksimum, 
Rmax = 0.75 * b * fy * [ 1 – ½* 0.75 * b * fy / ( 0.85 * fc') ] =  8,6839

Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur,  = 0,80

Jarak tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, ds = ts +  / 2 = 25,0
 mm
Tebal efektif plat lantai, d = h - ds =  75,0 mm
Ditinjau plat lantai selebar 1 m,  b= 1000 mm
Momen nominal rencana, Mn = Mu /  =  1,417 kNm
Faktor tahanan momen, -6
Rn = Mn * 10 / ( b * d ) = 2  0,25189
Rn < Rmax  (OK)
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan :
 = 0.85 * fc' / fy * [ 1 -  [ 1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc' ) ] = 0,0011
Rasio tulangan minimum, min = 0,0050
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan,  min =
Luas tulangan yang diperluka 0,0050 mm2
Jarak tulangan yang diperluka , As =   b * d = mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, 375 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, n, s=/4* 2 * b / A s= mm
Jarak yang harus digunakan, 150 mm
Diambil jarak :
smax = 2 * h = 200 mm
smax =
Digunakan tulangan,
250 mm2
Luas tulangan terpakai,
s= 150
 s=
E. KONTROL LENDUTAN PLAT 150
Mpa = N/mm2
 10 - 150
Modulus elastis beton, E = 4700*√ f ' =
As =  / 4 *  * b / s = 25332,084
c 2 c MPa
524
Modulus elastis baja tulangan, Es = 2,10E+05 MPa
Beban merata (tak terfaktor) padaplat, Q = QD + QL = 3,820 N/mm
Panjang bentang plat, Lx = 1900 mm
Batas lendutan maksimum yang diijinkan, Lx / 240 = 7,917 mm
3 3
Momen inersia brutto penampang plat, Ig = 1/12 * b * h = 83333333 mm
Modulus keruntuhan lentur beton, fr = 0.7 * √ fc' = 3,772863634 MPa
Nilai perbandingan modulus elastis, n = Es / Ec = 8,29
Jarak garis netral terhadap sisi atas beton, c = n * As / b = 4,341 mm
Momen inersia penampang retak yang ditransformasikan ke beton dihitung sbb. :
Icr = 1/3 * b * c3 + n * As * ( d - c ) 2 = 21698672 mm4
yt = h / 2 = 50 mm
Momen retak : Mcr = fr * Ig / yt = 6288106 Nmm
Momen maksimum akibat beban (tanpa faktor beban) :
Ma = 1 / 8 * Q * Lx2 = 1723775 Nmm
Inersia efektif untuk perhitungan lend3utan, 3 4
Ie = ( Mcr / Ma ) * Ig + [ 1 - ( Mcr / Ma ) ] * Icr = 3013569591 mm
Lendutan elastis seketika akibat beban mati dan beban hidup :
4
e = 5 / 384 * Q * Lx / ( Ec * Ie ) = 0,008 mm
Rasio tulangan slab lantai :  = As / ( b * d ) = 0,0070
Faktor ketergantungan waktu untuk beban mati, nilai :
  2,0
 =  / ( 1 + 50 *  ) = 1,4825
Lendutan jangka panjang akibat rangkak dan susut :
g =  * 5 / 384 * Q * Lx4 / ( Ec * Ie ) = 0,013 mm
Lendutan total, tot = e + g = 0,021 mm
Syarat : tot ≤ Lx / 240 Lendutan ijin pelat
0,021 < 7,917  AMAN (OK)
 PERHITUNGAN PELAT LANTAI TIPE A (1,9x6,850) m

A. DATA BAHAN STRUKTUR

Kuat tekan beton, fc ' = 29,05 MPa

Tegangan leleh baja untuk tulangan lentur, fy = 240 MPa

B. DATA PELAT LANTAI

Panjang bentang plat arah x, Lx = 1,90 m

Panjang bentang plat arah y, Ly = 6,850 m
Tebal plat lantai, h= 125 mm
Koefisien momen plat untuk Ly / L x = 3,61 KOEFISIEN MOMEN PLAT

SATU ARAH karena Ly/Lx>2

Lapangan x Clx = 63
Lapangan y Cly = 13
Tumpuan x Ctx = 63
Tumpuan y Cty = 38
Tabel 1 dengan 4 sisi terjepit

Diameter tulangan yang digunakan, = 10 mm

Tebal bersih selimut beton, ts = 20 mm

C. BEBAN PELAT LANTAI

1. BEBAN MATI (DEAD LOAD )

No Jenis Beban Mati Berat satuan Tebal (m) Q (kN/m2)

1 Berat sendiri plat lantai (kN/m3) 24,0 0,125 3,000
2 Berat finishing lantai (kN/m3) 22,0 0,05 1,100
3 Berat plafon dan rangka (kN/m 2) 0,2 - 0,200
4 Berat instalasi ME (kN/m 2) 0,5 - 0,500
Total beban mati, QD = 4,800
2. BEBAN HIDUP (LIVE LOAD )

Beban hidup = 192 kg/m2

 QL = 1,92 kN/m2

3. BEBAN RENCANA TERFAKTOR

Beban rencana terfaktor, Qu = 1.2 * QD + 1.6 * QL = 8,832 kN/m2

4. MOMEN PLAT AKIBAT BEBAN TERFAKTOR

Momen lapangan arah x, Mulx = Clx * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 2,009 kNm/m

Momen lapangan arah y, Muly = Cly * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 0,414 kNm/m
Momen tumpuan arah x, Mutx = Ctx * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 2,009 kNm/m
Momen tumpuan arah y, Muty = Cty * 0.001 * Qu * Lx 2 = 1,212 kNm/m
Momen rencana (maksimum) plat,  Mu = 2,009 kNm/m

D. PENULANGAN PELAT

Untuk : fc' ≤ 30 MPa, 1 = 0,85

Untuk : fc' > 30 MPa, 1 = 0.85 - 0.05 * ( fc' - 30) / 7 = -
Faktor bentuk distribusi tegangan beton,  1 = 0,85
Rasio tulangan pada kondisi balance ,
b = 1* 0.85 * fc'/ fy * 600 / ( 600 + fy ) = 0,0625
Faktor tahanan momen maksimum,
Rmax = 0.75 * b * fy * [ 1 – ½* 0.75 * b * fy / ( 0.85 * fc') ] = 8,6839
Faktor reduksi kekuatan lentur,  = 0,80
Jarak tulangan terhadap sisi luar beton, ds = ts +  / 2 = 25,0 mm
Tebal efektif plat lantai, d = h - ds = 100,0 mm
Ditinjau plat lantai selebar 1 m,  b= 1000 mm
Momen nominal rencana, Mn = Mu /  = 2,511 kNm
2
Faktor tahanan momen, Rn = Mn * 10- / ( b * d ) = 0,25108
Rn < Rmax  (OK)
Rasio tulangan yang diperlukan :
 = 0.85 * fc' / fy * [ 1 -  [ 1 – 2 * Rn / ( 0.85 * fc' ) ] = 0,0011
Rasio tulangan minimum, min = 0,0050
Rasio tulangan yang digunakan,  = 0,0049
Luas tulangan yang diperlukan, As =   b * d = 490 mm2
Jarak tulangan yang diperlukan, s =  / 4 * 2 * b / A s = 150 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, smax = 2 * h = 250 mm
Jarak tulangan maksimum, smax = 250 mm
Jarak yang harus digunakan, s= 150 mm
Diambil jarak :  s= 150 mm
Digunakantulangan,  10 - 150
As =  / 4 *  2 * b / s =
2
Luas tulangan terpakai, 524 mm

E. KONTROL LENDUTAN PELAT

Mpa = N/mm2
Modulus elastis beton, Ec = 4700*√ fc' = 25332,084 MPa
Modulus elastis baja tulangan, Es = 2,10E+05 MPa
Beban merata (tak terfaktor) padaplat, Q = QD + Q L = 6,720 N/mm
Panjang bentang plat, Lx = 1900 mm
Batas lendutan maksimum yang diijinkan, Lx / 240 = 7,917 mm
3 3
Momen inersia brutto penampang plat, Ig = 1/12 * b * h = 162760417 mm
Modulus keruntuhan lentur beton, fr = 0.7 * √ fc' = 3,772863634 MPa
Nilai perbandingan modulus elastis, n = Es / Ec = 8,29
Jarak garis netral terhadap sisi atas beton, c = n * As / b = 4,341 mm
Momen inersia penampang retak yang ditransformasikan ke beton dihitung sbb. :
Icr = 1/3 * b * c3 + n * As * ( d - c )2 = 39746648 mm4
yt = h / 2 = 62,5 mm
Momen retak : Mcr = fr * Ig / yt = 9825166 Nmm
Momen maksimum akibat beban (tanpa faktor beban) :
Ma = 1 / 8 * Q * Lx2 = 3032400 Nmm
Inersia efektif untuk perhitungan le3ndutan, 3 4
Ie = ( Mcr / Ma ) * Ig + [ 1 - ( Mcr / Ma ) ] * Icr = 4223960891 mm
Lendutan elastis seketika akibat beban mati dan beban hidup :
4
e = 5 / 384 * Q * Lx / ( Ec * Ie ) = 0,011 mm
Rasio tulangan slab lantai :  = As / ( b * d ) = 0,0052
Faktor ketergantungan waktu untuk beban mati, nilai :
  2,0
 =  / ( 1 + 50 *  ) = 1,5850
Lendutan jangka panjang akibat rangkak dan susut : 4
g =  * 5 / 384 * Q * Lx / ( Ec * Ie ) = 0,017 mm
Lendutan total, tot = e + g = 0,028 mm
Syarat : tot ≤ Lx / 240 Lendutan ijin pelat
0,028 < 7,917  AMAN (OK)
 PERHITUNGAN PONDASI TIANG PANCANG

DATA ANALISIS PONDASI TIANG PANCANG :

Beban Struktur (Pult) Output SAP2000 = 1121,178 kN

D (kedalam sondir) = 12 m
Jenis Tanah (Lempung) ɣclay = 17,5 kN/m3
Ukuran tiang pancang (persegi 250x250) = 0,25 x 0,25 m2
Sudut gesek (tanah lempung) ɸ = 30
Ko = 1-sin ɸ = 0,5
σꞋ = 0,6*ɸ = 18
Safety Factor (SF) = 3

ANALISIS KEKUATAN & JUMLAH TP

● Menghitung Qp (metode Mayerhoff)

Ap (luas tiang pancang) 0,25 x 0,25 = 0,0625 m2

q(ɣ*D) = 210 kN/m2
Menentukan parameter N*q (tabel N*q) ɸ 30 = 56,7
Qp = Ap * q * N*q = 744,2 kN

● Menghitung daya dukung friction (Qf)

k (keliing tiang pancang) = 1,00 m2

σꞋv = ɣ * D * Ko/2 = 52,5 kN/m2
f = Ko *σꞋv * tan σꞋv = 8,529 kN/m2
Qf = k * D * f = 102,35 kN

● Menghitung daya dukung ijin (Qall)

Qult = Qp + Qf = 846,54 m2
Qall = Qult / SF = 282,2 kN/m2

● Menghitung Jumlah tiang pancang

np = Pult / Qall = 3,973

digunakan ~ 34 TP

● Menghitung Jumlah tiang pancang dalam 1 PC

1 PC = np / jumlah pedestal = 2,125

digunakan 4 TP dalam 1 PC ~ 4 TP
● Menentukan Jarak tiang pancang (as-as,as-tepi)

Jarak yang digunakan, sesuai data proyek

agar bisa diketahui hasil analisisnya.
dari data proyek gedung Sekolah Pelita Bangsa
1350
Jarak yang digunakan :
as - as
750 mm = 75 cm = 0.75 m
as - tepi
300 mm = 30 cm = 0.3 m 1350
Jadi, didapat ukuran PC : 1350 x 1350
Tebal pelat (kedalaman) PC yang digunakan yaitu :
t = 900 mm = 90 cm = 0.9 m

● Menhitung Efisiensi TP (converse labare)

m = 2
n = 2
ɸ = Arc tan Ap/s = 5
Eff = 1-ɸ/90 * ((n-1)*m+(m-1)*n)/m*n = 1

Check, Pult dengan Eff :

Untuk 1 PC diharuskan menahan beban min (Pult/16) = 70,074 kN
Syarat, Pult effisiensi > Pult/16 pedestal
Pult Eff = (Eff * Qall)*np = 1128,714 kN

Didapat, Pult Eff > Pult/16 AMAN

Kesimpulan, :
Dalam 1 PC terdapat 4 TP
mampu menahan beban sebesar 1128.714 kN
 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

PERHITUNGAN SAMBUNGAN AKSIAL LENTUR DAN GESER

[C]2011 : M. Noer Ilham

1. DATA SAMBUNGAN

DATA KOORDINAT BAUT Profil baja : WF 350.175.7.11

No xi yi ht = 350 mm
(mm) (mm) bf = 175 mm
1 -50 -90
tf tw = 7 mm
2 50 -90 tf = 11 mm
3 -50 -30 tw r= 14 mm
h h2 ht
4 50 -30 A= 6314 mm2
5 -50 30 Ix = 136000000 mm4
6 50 30 h1 r Iy = 9840000 mm4
7 -50 90 bf rx = 146,8 mm
8 50 90 ry = 39,5 mm
Sx = 777000 mm3
3
Sy = 112000 mm

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Aksial, Lentur dan Geser 1

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

BEBAN PADA SAMBUNGAN BEBAN SAMBUNGAN

Momen akibat beban terfaktor, Mu = 76500000 Nmm
Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vu = 82000 N
Gaya aksial akibat beban terfaktor, Nu = 39000 N
Eksentrisitas sambungan, e= 110 mm
PLAT SAMBUNG DATA PLAT SAMBUNG
Tegangan leleh baja, fy = 240 MPa
Tegangan tarik putus plat, fp= 370 MPa
u
Lebar plat sambung pada badan, hp = 330 mm
Tebal plat sambung pada badan, tpw = 8 mm
Lebar plat sambung pada sayap, lp = 220 mm
Tebal plat sambung pada sayap, tpf = 10 mm
Faktor reduksi kekuatan tarik atau lentur plat, = 0,9
BAUT DATA BAUT
Jenis sambungan baut, Tipe baut : A-325
Tegangan tarik putus baut, fb= 825 MPa
u

Diameter baut, d= 19 mm
Jumlah baut pada penampang kritis badan, n= 4 bh
Jumlah baut pada badan, nw = 8 bh
Jumlah baut pada penampang kritis sayap, n' = 3 bh
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser baut, f = 0,75

2. TAHANAN MOMEN DAN GESER

Modulus penampang plastis profil baja,

2 3
Zx = tw * ht / 4 + ( bf - tw ) * ( ht - tf ) * tf = 840847 mm
2
Luas penampang badan, Aw = ht * tw = 2450 mm
Tahanan momen penampang,  * Mn =  * fy * Zx = 181622952 Nmm
Tahanan geser penampang, f * Vn = f * 0.60 * fy * Aw = 264600 N

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Aksial, Lentur dan Geser 2

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

3. KONTROL JUMLAH BAUT PADA BADAN

Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vub = 82000 N

Tegangan tarik putus baut, fu = 825 MPa
Tegangan tarik putus plat, fu p = 370 MPa
Jumlah bidang geser (untuk kondisi samb. ganda), m= 2
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r1 = 0,4
Tebal plat badan, tw = 7 mm
Diameter baut, d= 19 mm
2 2
Luas penampang baut, Ab =  / 4 * db = 284 mm
Tahanan geser nominal baut, Vn = r1 * m * Ab * fu = 187129 N
Tahanan geser baut, f * Vnp = 140347 N
Tahanan tumpu nominal plat, Rn = 2.4 * d * tw * fu = 118104 N
Tahanan tumpu plat, f * Rn = 88578 N
Jumlah baut minimum yg diperlukan pada penampang kritis badan,
Terhadap geser, nmin = Vu / ( f * Vn ) = 0,58 bh
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
nmin  n
0,58 < 4  AMAN (OK)
Terhadap tumpu, nmin = Vu / ( f * Rn ) = 0,93 bh
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
nmin  n
0,93 < 4  AMAN (OK)

4. KONTROL TEBAL PLAT SAMBUNG PADA BADAN

Luas bidang geser, Anv = Vu / ( f * 0.60 * f )= p

492,49 mm2
Diameter baut, d= 19 mm
Diameter lubang baut, d1 = d + 2 = 21 mm
Tebal plat sambung minimum pada badan,
tpw min = Anv / [ 2 * ( hp - n * d1 ) ] = 1,00 mm
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
tpw min  tpw
1,00 < 8  AMAN (OK)

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Aksial, Lentur dan Geser 3

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

5. KONTROL JUMLAH BAUT PADA SAYAP

Gaya tarik akibat momen, Tu = Mu / ( ht + tpf ) = 212500 N

Kondisi sambungan baut geser tunggal, m= 1
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r1b = 0,4
Tahanan geser 1 baut, f * Vn = f * r1 * m * Ab * fu = 70173 N
Tahanan tumpu 1 baut,  * R = 2.4 *  * d * t * f p = 126540 N
f n f pf
Kekuatan 1 baut, f * Tn = 70173 N
Jumlah baut minimum yang diperlukan pada penampang kritis sayap,
n'min = Tu / ( 2 * f * Tn ) = 1,51 bh
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
n'min  n'
1,51 < 3  AMAN (OK)

6. KONTROL TEBAL PLAT SAMBUNG PADA SAYAP

Luas penampang tarik plat, Anf = Tu / (  * fup ) = 638,14 mm2

Tebal minimum plat sambung pada sayap,
tpf min = Anf / ( lp - n' * d1 ) = 4,06 mm
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
tpf min  tpf
4,06 < 10  AMAN (OK)

7. GAYA PADA BAUT BADAN

Kapasitas momen pada badan, 2

Muw = 1/6 *  * tpw * hp * fy * hp / ( ht + tpf ) = 28749600 Nmm
Momen tambahan akibat eksentrisitas, Mu = Vu * e = 9020000 Nmm
Momen total pada badan, Mu = Muw + Mu = 37769600 Nmm
Gaya pada masing-masing baut badan akibat momen dihitung sebagai berikut :
Gaya pada arah x, Ruxi = ( Mu) * y / ( x2 + y2 )
Gaya pada arah y, Ruyi = ( Mu ) * x / ( x2 + y2 )

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Aksial, Lentur dan Geser 4

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

GAYA-GAYA PADA MASING-MASING BAUT

No xi yi xi 2 yi 2 Ruyi Ruxi
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (N) (N)
1 -50 -90 2500 8100 -33723 -60701
2 50 -90 2500 8100 33723 -60701
3 -50 -30 2500 900 -33723 -20234
4 50 -30 2500 900 33723 -20234
5 -50 30 2500 900 -33723 20234
6 50 30 2500 900 33723 20234
7 -50 90 2500 8100 -33723 60701
8 50 90 2500 8100 33723 60701
= 20000 36000
Jumlah baut pada badan, nw = 8
Gaya tambahan pada baut badan akibat gaya geser dan gaya aksial,
Gaya tambahan akibat gaya geser arah vertikal (arah y),
Puvi = Puv / nw = 10250 N
Gaya tambahan akibat gaya aksial arah horisontal (arah x),
Puhi = Puh / nw = 4875 N
Resultan gaya pada baut badan,
Rui = √ [ ( Ruxi + Puhi )2 + ( Ruyi + Puvi )2 ]

No Ruyi+Puvi Ruxi+Puhi Rui

(N) (N) (N)
1 -23473 -55826 60560
2 43973 -55826 71065
3 -23473 -15359 28051
4 43973 -15359 46578
5 -23473 25109 34372
6 43973 25109 50637
7 -23473 65576 69651
8 43973 65576 78955
Ru max = 78955 N

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Aksial, Lentur dan Geser 5

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

8. KONTROL KEKUATAN BAUT PADA BADAN

8.1. TERHADAP GESER

Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vu = Ru max = 78955 N

Kondisi sambungan baut geser ganda, maka nilai m= 2
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r12 = 0,4
2
Luas penampang baut, Ab =  / 4 * d = 284 mm
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, bf = 0,75
Tahanan geser nominal 1 baut, Vn = r1 * m * Ab * fu = 187129 N
Tahanan geser 1 baut, f * Vn = 140347 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Vu  f * Vn
78955 < 140347  AMAN (OK)

8.2. TERHADAP TUMPU

Gaya tumpu akibat beban terfaktor, Rd = Ru max = 78955 N

Diameter baut, d= 19 mm
Tebal plat badan, tw = 7 mm
Tegangan tarik putus plat, fu = 370 MPa
Tahanan tumpu nominal plat, Rn = 2.4 * d * tw * fu = 118104 N
Tahanan tumpu plat, f * Rn = 88578 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Rd  f * Rn
78955 < 88578  AMAN (OK)

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Aksial, Lentur dan Geser 6

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

PERHITUNGAN SAMBUNGAN LENTUR DAN GESER

[C]2011 : M. Noer Ilham

1. DATA SAMBUNGAN

Gaya geser akibat beban terfaktor, Vu = 63096 N

Momen akibat beban terfaktor, Mu = 98746271 Nmm

1.1. BAUT

Jenis baut yang digunakan, Tipe baut : A-325

Tegangan tarik putus baut, fb= 825 MPa
u

Diameter baut d= 19 mm
Jarak antara baut, a= 63 mm
Jumlah baut dalam satu baris, nx = 2 bh
Jumlah baris baut, ny = 6 baris
Faktor reduksi kekuatan tarik baut, t = 0,75
Faktor reduksi kekuatan geser baut, f = 0,75

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Lentur dan Geser 1

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

1.2. PLAT SAMBUNG

Tegangan leleh plat, fy = 240 MPa

Tegangan tarik putus plat, fp= 370 MPa
u
Lebar plat sambung, b= 175 mm
Tebal plat sambung, t= 10 mm

2. LETAK GARIS NETRAL

 1
a/2 Tu 2
a

a x
h
a

a
a/2 h-x
b b' 3
Jumlah baut total, n = n x * ny = 12 bh
Tinggi plat sambung, h = ny * a = 378 mm
Lebar plat sambung ekivalen sebagai pengganti baut tarik,
 = n x * (  / 4 * D2 ) / a = 9,0009 mm
Lebar efektif plat sambung bagian tekan, b' = 0.75 * b = 131,25 mm
Misal garis netral terletak pada jarak x dari sisi atas plat sambung.
Momen statis luasan terhadap garis netral,
1/2 * b' * (h - x)2 = 1/2.  * x2
(b' - ) / 2 * x2 - b' * h * x + 1/2 * b' * h2 = 0
(b' - ) / 2 * x2 - b' * h * x + 1/2 * b' * h2 = 0 ( persamaan kuadrat dalam x )
Ax = (b' - )/2 = 61
Bx = - b' * h = -49613
2
C = 1/2 * b' * h = 9376763
2
D=B -4*A*C = 168798834
→ x = [ - Bx -  Dx ] / ( 2 * Ax ) = 299,55 mm

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Lentur dan Geser 2

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

3. TEGANGAN YANG TERJADI PADA BAUT

Persamaan hubungan tegangan, 3 = (h - x) / x * 1 ← pers. (1)

2 = ( x - a / 2 ) / x * 1 ← pers. (2)
Persamaan momen :
1/2 * (h - x) * b' * 3 * 2/3 * ( h - x ) + 1/2 * x *  * 1 * 2/3 * x = Mu
1/2 * (h - x) * b' * (h - x) / x * 1 * 2/3 * ( h - x ) + 1/2 * x *  * 1 * 2/3 * x = Mu
1 = 3 * Mu / [ ( h - x )3 / x * b' + x *  ]
2
maka diperoleh : ← pers. (3)

Tegangan pada masing-masing baris baut dihitung sebagai berikut :

Tegangan tarik pada sisi atas plat sambung,
Dari pers. (3) : 1 = 3 * Mu / [ ( h - x )3 / x * b' + x2 *  ] = 290,66 MPa
Tegangan tekan pada sisi bawah plat sambung,
Dari pers. (1) : 3 = ( h - x ) / x * 1 = 76,12 MPa
Tegangan tarik pada baut baris teratas,
Dari pers. (2) : 2 = ( x - a / 2 ) / x * 1 = 260,10 MPa
Tegangan tarik putus pada baut dan plat :
Tegangan tarik putus baut, f ub = 825 MPa
Tegangan tarik putus plat, f up = 370 MPa

4. GAYA TARIK PADA BAUT

Gaya tarik yang terjadi pada baut baris teratas, Tu = 2 * a *  = 147490 N

Gaya tarik yang ditahan satu baut, Tu1 = Tu / nx2 = 73745 N 2
Luas penampang baut, Ab =  / 4 * db = 284 mm
Tahanan tarik nominal satu baut, Tn = 0.75 * Ab * fu = 175433 N
Tahanan tarik satu baut, t * Tn = 131575 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Tu1  t * Tn
73745 < 131575  AMAN (OK)

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Lentur dan Geser 3

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

5. GAYA GESER PADA BAUT

Gaya geser yang ditahan oleh satu baut, Vs1 = Vu / n = 5258 N

Kondisi sambungan baut geser tunggal, maka nilai m= 1
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r12 = 0,4
2
Luas penampang baut, Ab =  / 4 * db = 284 mm
Tahanan geser nominal baut, Vn = r1 * m * Ab * fu = 93564 N
Tahanan geser baut, f * Vn = 70173 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Vs1  f * Vn
5258 < 70173  AMAN (OK)

6. GAYA TUMPU PADA BAUT

Gaya tumpu yang ditahan satu baut, Rs1 = Vs1 = 5258 N

Diameter baut, d= 19 mm
Tebal plat sambung, t=
p
10 mm
Tegangan tarik putus plat, fu = 370 MPa
Tahanan tumpu nominal, Rn= 2.4 * d * t * f p = 168720 N
Tahanan tumpu, f * Rn = 126540 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Rs1  f * Rn
5258 < 126540  AMAN (OK)

7. KOMBINASI GESER DAN TARIK

Konstanta tegangan (f1) untuk baut mutu tinggi, f1 = 807 MPa

Konstanta tegangan (f2) untuk baut mutu tinggi, f2 = 621 MPa
Faktor pengaruh ulir pada bidang geser, r2 = 1,9
Tegangan geser yang terjadi, fuv = Vu / ( n * Ab )b = 18,54 MPa
Tahanan geser baut, f * r1 * m * fu = 247,50 MPa
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
fuv = Vu / ( n * Ab )  f * r1 * m * fub
18,54 < 247,50  AMAN (OK)

[C]2011 : MNI Sambungan Lentur dan Geser 4

 Perhitungan Struktur Baja Dengan Microsoft Excel

Gaya tarik yang tejadi, Tu1 = 73745 N

Tahanan tarik baut, f * Tn = f * f1 * Ab = 171606 N
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
Tu1  f * Tn
73745 < 171606  AMAN (OK)

Tegangan tarik, ft = 0.75 * f b = 618,75 MPa

Nilai tegangan kombinasi, f1 - r2 * fuv = 771,76 MPa
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
ft  f1 - r2 * fuv
618,75 < 771,76  AMAN (OK)
Syarat yang harus dipenuhi :
ft  f2
618,75 < 621,00  AMAN (OK)
 LAPORAN PENELITIAN

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING BEAM CONSTRUTION OF THE

PELITA BANGSA SCHOOL IN THE CIREBON CITY

Oleh :
Arief Firmanto
NIDN. 0423057101

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNSWAGATI CIREBON
TAHUN 2017
 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Judul Penelitian : Analysis and Design Using Beam Constrution of The

Pelita Bangsa School in The Cirebon City
Ketua
a. Nama Lengkap : Arief Firmanto
b. NIDN 0423057101
c. Jabatan Fungsional : Lektor
d. Program Studi : Teknik Sipil
e. Pusat Penelitian : Lembaga Penelitian Unswagati
f. Alamat Institusi : Jl. Pemuda No. 32 Kota Cirebon

Biaya yang Diusulkan : Rp. 3.500.000

Biaya Yang Direkomendasikan : Rp. 3.000.000

Cirebon, 3 April 2018

Menyetujui,
Ketua Lemlit Unswagati Cirebon, Ketua Penelitian,

----------------------------.
Arief Firmanto

Mengetahui,
Dekan Fakultas Teknik Unswagati Cirebon

Fathur Rohman R., ST., MT

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 KATA PENGANTAR

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Cirebon, 3 April 2018

Tim Penyusun

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