•FAILURE
•CAUSES OF FAILURE
•RELIABILITY THEORY
•RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT
RELIABILITY
CAUSES OF FAILURE
MAIN TYPES –
• BAD LUCK?
• FINANCIAL PRESSURES
- CUTTING CORNERS TO SAVE MONEY
- TIME PRESSURES
- FAILURE TO INVEST IN ADEQUATE
RESOURCES
- FAILURE TO INVEST IN TRAINING
AVOIDED BY :-
• GOOD MANUFACTURING QC
• FACTORY TESTING
• WELL DEFINED INSTALLATION PROCEDUTES
The probability that a device will perform its intended function during
a specified period of time under stated conditions.
Mathematically, this may be expressed as,
where
Series Configuration
Parallel Configuration
INTUITIVE - BRAINSTORMING
- MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS
Event trees can be used to analyze systems in which all components are
continuously operating, or for systems in which some or all of the
components are in standby mode - those that involve sequential operation
logic and switching. The starting point (referred to as the initiating event)
disrupts normal system operation. The event tree displays the sequences
of events involving success and/or failure of the system components.
Fault tree analyses are generally performed graphically using a logical structure of
AND and OR gates. Sometimes certain elements, or basic events, may need to
occur together in order for that top event to occur. In this case, these events would
be arranged under an AND gate, meaning that all of the basic events would need
to occur to trigger the top event. If the basic events alone would trigger the top
event, then they would be grouped under an OR gate. The entire system as well as
human interactions would be analyzed when performing a fault tree analysis.
FAULT TREES
FAULT TREE FOR MAJOR LEAK
FROM SUBSEA X’MAS TREE
FAULT TREE FOR MAJOR LEAK FROM SUBSEA X’MAS TREE
Case Studies of Uncertainty Analysis in Reliability and Risk Assessment;
Dr. Michael V. Frank; Safety Factor Associates, Inc
Event Trees;
Pat L. Clemens; Jacobs Sverdrup, Inc.
MTBF for an existing product can be found by studying field failure data.
For a new product however, or if significant changes are made to the
design, it may be required to estimate or calculate MTBF before any field
data is available. In some cases failure rates for previous products can be
used if changes to a design are unlikely to affect reliability. In the case of a
new or significantly changed design, an accepted technique is to estimate
reliability using a recognized model.
RELIABILITY - BATH TUB CURVE
What is RAM Analysis?