Implementation

IEC
Time

GOOSE
61850 OSE
GO OSE GOOSE GOOSE

GO

GOOSE GOOSE GOO

E SE GO
OS OS
GO E
GO O SE GOOSE GOOSE
GOO
OOSE SE
G
 by Hachidai Ito and Kenichiro Ohashi , Toshiba Corporation, Japan

40 41

protection
of High Performance

and Protection
Relay Testing
EAF
Transformers

IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging is applied for Substation Automation

Systems and for status interactions between IEDs by replacing the conventional
method of using binary inputs/outputs and wires with communication over
Ethernet cables/fibres. With its fast transfer characteristics, it is also applied for
GOO protection testing purposes.
SE In
IEC 61850, the new communication standard for power
order to confirm the basic substations, is now being widely used in practical applications. In particular,
GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Events) messaging has
functionality of IEC 61850 and been applied not only for SAS (Substation Automation System) control
and monitoring of primary equipment and IED status, but also for status
GOOSE messaging, conformance interactions between IEDs including protection relays by replacing the
conventional method of using binary inputs/outputs and wires with
tests are mandatory for basic communication by GOOSE messages over Ethernet cables/fibres. This is
achieved through much simpler engineering based on the multi vendor
multi-vendor interoperability. interoperability described in the IEC 61850 standard, which enables the
easy connection of different IEDs, including relays supplied by different
vendors.

PAC.WINTER.2008

42protection
IEC 61850
Hachidai Ito
was born in Osaka,
Japan, in September
15, 1956. He joined
Toshiba in 1981,
and worked as a
development engi-
neer and a manager
of Protection and
Control Develop-
ment Department.
He is now a Chief
Specialist in Power
System Protection &
Control and is princi-
pally responsible
for technology and
overseas marketing
of protection and
control products
11
in Toshiba Corpora-
tion. He is a senior
member of IEEE, and
a member of CIGRE,
IEEJ and IEICE. Also
he is a secretary of
Japanese National
Committee of IEC/
TC95, a convenor
of its MT1 (Main-
tenance Team 1)
and a member of
its other 3 working
groups, and also a
member of several
working groups in
IEEE/PSRC...
PAC.WINTER.2008
by Hachidai Ito and Kenichiro Ohashi , Toshiba Corporation, Japan
In order to confirm the basic functionality of GOOSE
messaging in protection relays, functional conformance
testing at an independent test laboratory is mandatory for
multi vendor interoperability. However, an IEC 61850
device certificate does not fully ensure conformity to the
IEC 61850 standard. Furthermore, in some cases, the
correct behaviour of an IED is not clearly described in the
standard. Hence, performance testing for GOOSE messaging
must be considered as an important item in the product
type test and/or the routine test because this is critical for
practical substation applications. It should be noticed that
performance testing for GOOSE messaging is not covered
by conformance tests at present.
In order to replace the conventional method of using
contacts and wires, the performance of the GOOSE
messaging, i.e. transfer time should be less than 3ms for
a Trip GOOSE command and 20ms for a Block GOOSE
command as specified in IEC 61850-5 'Communication
requirements for functions and device models’. It is clear
that new methods for testing GOOSE messaging including
performance and interoperability must be carefully
considered, not only by vendors but also by the end users
who evaluate system performance in the field.
GOOSE APPLICATIONS FOR PROTECTION
Advantages of GOOSE for protection devices
GOOSE messaging is a very important function in
achieving multi-vendor interoperability as described in
IEC 61850. The purposes and associated advantages are
considered as follows:
Instead of connecting conventional metallic wiring and
other ancillary equipment between protection devices, or
between protection devices and primary equipment, only a
single LAN cable/fibre is required. This results in a reduced
total cost of building a system in a substation.
Connections between Relay
and CB by conventional methods
Protection Relay
Binary output
Trip/Autoreclose
Binary
input
Primary CB
CB Condition
Dedicated metalic cable (s)
Connection between IEDs provided by different
vendors is much easier to achieve.
Modification or addition of data communications
between IEDs can be easily achieved by the simple
re-configuration of the IEDs’ GOOSE settings, rather than
by complex metallic wiring.
Figures 1 and 2 show an example of the differences
between the conventional method and that utilising GOOSE
messages where communication between a protection
relay and a primary CB (Circuit Breaker) is required for an
Autoreclose function.
Possible GOOSE application for protection and
related ongoing activities
GOOSE messaging in IEC 61850 can also be utilised in
the following protection functions:
Autoreclose (between relay and CB)
Intertripping (between relay and relay)
Interlocking (between bay control unit and relay)
Some utilities consider and plan contingencies in
the case of a protection failure in a system. In order to
minimize the damage caused in the case of a primary fault
to the zone protected by the equipment that has failed,
messaging between protection relays is very important.
This subject is being discussed in CIGRE/SCB5/WG16:
Busbar protection. There is a possibility to use GOOSE
messages for information communication between
the various items of equipment contained within the
substation
ACHIEVING INTEROPERABILITY
Functional conformance test See Figure 3.
UCAIUG (http://www.ucausersgroup.org) defines
the conformance test procedure which is detailed in IEC
61850 part 10 (Conformance testing). The test procedure
contains two types of test;
22 Connections between Relay
and CB by GOOSE
GOOSE for Trip/Autoreclose
100 BASE/10 BASE HUB
GOOSE for CB Condition
A LAN cable
 by Hachidai Ito and Kenichiro Ohashi , Toshiba Corporation, Japan

43

protection
Conformance with Importance of performance testing for GOOSE
messaging
the performance criteria In order to achieve multi vendor interoperability in
defined in IEC 61850-5 GOOSE messaging in consideration of an actual practical
situation within a substation, it is important that not only
should be tested. the functional conformity to IEC 61850 be tested, but also
performance conformity to IEC 61850 must be tested, by
vendors, as a type test of the IED.
Performance criteria examples of GOOSE messaging
Positive test: Checks with correct parameters. defined in IEC 61850-5 'Communication requirements for

IEC 61850
Negative test: Checks with incorrect parameters. functions and device models’ are given as follows:
However, there are some points that we must be 3ms: ‘TRIP’ GOOSE information (class P2/P3)
cognizant of with regard to conformance testing; 20ms: ‘BLOCK’ GOOSE information (class P2/P3)
‘Conformance’ does not mean ‘Interoperability’. The transfer time definition is described in IEC 61850-5 Kenichiro
Only basic functional tests are undertaken, no (see Figure 4). IEC 61850-5 states that the transfer time Ohashi
performance tests are carried out at present. of GOOSE messaging for a Trip command shall be such was born in Miyagi-
IEC 61850 communication interfaces in the IED form that the command should arrive at the destination IED Pref., Japan, on
the main part of the test, but the connections between within 3ms. For a single IED, by assuming the time for March 5, 1973. He
prot ec t ion applic at ions and their IEC 61850 the publishing process and the subscribing process are joined Toshiba in
communication interfaces are too complex and varied to be approximately equal and if ‘tb’ can practically be ignored, 1995. He is cur-
comprehensively tested. then at least half of the defined time is needed for the IEDs rently responsible
Regarding standardisation and guidance on testing, to process the message (i.e. 1.5ms for ‘TRIP’ GOOSE). See for product devel-
functional testing of IEC 61850 based systems is now Figure 4. opment of protec-
being discussed in CIGRE Subcommittee B5 Task Force PROTECTION RELAY TESTING USING GOOSE tion and control
92. The technical brochure will define the functional Comparison with the conventional method systems as a quality
aspects of testing which are not defined in IEC 61850-10 Figures 5 and Figure 6 simply show the difference assurance/testing
(Communication networks and systems in substations between the conventional test method used to measure engineer in Toshiba.
-Part 10: Conformance testing). It deals with the functional tripping time and the method used to measure the ‘Trip’ He is a member
parts not covered by the IEC 61850 device certificate GOOSE transfer time using an IEC 61850 GOOSE of IEC/TC95/MT2
which is based only on IEC 61850-10. This will have an enabled test set. In order to simulate network traffic, (Maintenance Team
impact on the work of the protection engineer, and this possibly caused by other equipment connected to the same 2: EMC standards
kind of functional testing approach should naturally be network, a network traffic simulator running on a PC is for measuring relays
carried out for all existing IEC 61850 conformant devices used. It is considered very important for the product type and protection
and systems. test to have a similar environment to that found within the equipment).

23 An IEC 61850 device certificate 24 GOOSE transfer time

IEC 61850 -5

The UCA International

Transfer time t = ta + tb + tc
Users Group defines ta tb tc

the conformance test

procedures required for f1 Communi- Communi- f2

cation cation GOOSE
issuing IED conformance processor processor transfer time
is the time
certificates. between
Physical device PD1 Physical device PD2 fuctions in two
devices

PAC.WINTER.2008
 by Hachidai Ito and Kenichiro Ohashi , Toshiba Corporation, Japan

44protection
Implementation and test In the same way, GOOSE can be applied for testing
purposes. All signals, even those used internally in the
results satisfying the execution process of software for a numerical protection
relay, can be assigned to GOOSE. This results in reduced
performance criteria are wiring during testing and also facilitates the realisation of
described along with methods more detailed testing.
Figure 7 shows a practical example of the test result of
for evaluation. a switch-on-to-fault case utilizing GOOSE for a certified
IEC 61850 conformant numerical transformer protection
relay.
IEC 61850

In this case, the COMTRADE waveforms calculated

substation, and this is a key point in GOOSE testing. See
Figure 5/ Figure 6.
The advantages in testing with GOOSE messaging are
considered as follows:
Dedicated metallic cables in the connection between
the relay and test equipment and/or cables used for testing
can be reduced.
Performance evaluation is more accurately achieved
in GOOSE messaging since hardware overhead time on
conventional binary inputs/outputs can be ignored.
The limitation in the number of binary inputs/
outputs can be covered by GOOSE.
The timing of all GOOSE can be monitored by an
external IEC 61850 protocol analyzer connected to the
network.
Expanding flexibility in testing with GOOSE
IEC 61850 GOOSE, with its fast transfer characteristics
within a network environment (<3ms as defined by
the standard), is now being widely used for protection
purposes in place of conventional dedicated wiring. As
described, this brings great benefits to the user since
dedicated wiring can be reduced.
by RTDS with a simulation of both CT saturation and
transformer inrush under a switch-on-to-fault condition
were played on a test set. At the same time the relay’s
internal signals for 2nd harmonic inrush current detection
and CT saturation detection which are used to block
tripping were observed along with the trip signal, without
any wiring connection but by monitoring GOOSE
messages on the network.
The waveform can be seen to consist of fault current
and transformer inrush components. In response to
this unusual waveform, the relay firstly detects second
harmonic to temporarily block tripping and then
subsequently issues a trip, which is considered to be the
expected result.
In the past, there would have been many limitations in
the flexibility of this kind of test, e.g. resulting from the
delay time of mechanical contacts.
PERFORMANCE AND ITS EVALUATION
GOOSE messaging implementation to achieve
satisfactory performance
It is important to minimize the transmission time of
the GOOSE packet within the IED in order to achieve
the GOOSE performance of class P2/P3 which is defined

15 Example of physical 26 Example of physical

connections for a conventional test connections for GOOSE based test
Communi- Protection Relay Protection Relay Network Testing
traffic simulator Tool
cation Testing
Binary output Tool
messages Trip/Autoreclose

replace hard- Binary GOOSE for Trip/Autoreclose

input
Binary HUB
wired signals
input
GOOSE for CB condition
CB Condition
between a
Binary output
relay and
Voltage/Current Voltage/Current
test device. Test Device
Dedicated metalic cable (s) A LAN cable Test Device

PAC.WINTER.2008
 by Hachidai Ito and Kenichiro Ohashi , Toshiba Corporation, Japan

45

28
in the standard. One area in which we have been able to
make significant savings in processing time is in the way Simplified sequence model It is important
in which we process the sending and receipt of GOOSE of procedures in a time crucial proces
messages. Another opportunity was taken to reduce the to reduce the
time overheads incurred between the GOOSE packet
receiving process, the interpret/response/generate GOOSE GOOSE packet IED primary GOOSE packet time between
packet process and the sending process. Implementation receive process send
of the application software is designed such that the three the GOOSE
processes referred to above are executed in series in a task
activated in a very short period of time together with the receive and
primary protection/measurement etc. functions as shown. Table 1
See Figure 8. Test results for GOOSE transfer time response.
Methods for performance evaluation in GOOSE Network
communication Traffic Maximum response time Autoreclose by
of GOOSE (*2) GOOSE (*2)
Figure 9 and table 1 show a test result for the ‘Trip’ (*1) (*2)
GOOSE transfer time in a certified IEC 61850 conformant 50 Kb/S < 0.7 MS Successful
numerical distance protection relay as a performance 100 Kb/S < 0.7 MS Successful
type test. An IEC 61850 GOOSE enabled test set is used 200 Kb/S < 0.7 MS Successful
with 0.1ms resolution. During the performance type test *1 Simulated only by GOOSE which were all captured and processed by
of an IED, transmission traffic must also be considered. GRZ100 at the same time
*2 Test condition/hardware configuration is same as Figure 6
By calculating the maximum possible traffic on the LAN
to which the IED is intended to be connected, or stating
the maximum traffic value for which the IED can either
publish or subscribe to GOOSE within the specified time, Table 1 shows an example of the test result
the performance criteria must be stated by the vendor.
In practical situations, there are many kinds of GOOSE for GOOSE transfer time (‘ta’ in Figure 4) and
published by other IEDs and by primary equipment. All of
these frames and also frames of other protocols could be on of the result of Autoreclose utilizing GOOSE
the same LAN network simultaneously. This point must,
therefore, be considered when the possible maximum for all interaction signals in a certified IEC
network traffic is calculated. A performance calculation
example is also included in Appendix I of IEC 61850-5. 61850 conformant numerical distance pro-
Table 1: An example of the test result for GOOSE
transfer time. tection relay with simulated network traffic.

27 Example of utilizing GOOSE 29 Trip GOOSE transfer time

for protection testing purpose measurement results

PAC.WINTER.2008
 by Hachidai Ito and Kenichiro Ohashi , Toshiba Corporation, Japan

46protection
As another aspect of performance evaluation for a single
[ Time period ] / [ Number of GOOSE issued ] =
IED, the GOOSE response time shall be checked since it
[ Average response time ]
directly affects the system performance.
As part of system evaluation, an easy way to test the
response time of an IED could be by the ‘Ping-Pong’ Here is a test result captured by an IEC 61850 protocol
technique as described below. This method is very efficient analyzer, which was carried out between two certified IEC
because it can check the subscribing time (‘Tc’ of Figure 61850 conformant devices (Figure 11). Furthermore in
4) and publishing time (‘Ta’ of Figure 4) at the same time this case, once the ‘Ping-Pong’ is set, the IEDs start playing
without other external inputs or triggers. ‘Ping-Pong’ as soon as the IEDs are connected to the
Set the IED to publish GOOSE (A) when GOOSE (B) network. Therefore, it could be used also for the purpose
IEC 61850

is subscribed. of increasing the network traffic.

Arrange external equipment connected to the LAN to Note that cases utilizing GOOSE introduced here can be
publish GOOSE (B). basically also applied to all IEC 61850 conformant devices
Observe the behaviour of GOOSEs with external which support the service for GOOSE.
equipment connected to the LAN. In order to obtain the expected benefits of IEC 61850
Figure 10 shows the test result of an IED, a certified IEC it is of critical importance to apply IEDs which provide
61850 conformant numerical distance protection relay, sufficiently high performance of GOOSE messaging.
with an IEC 61850 GOOSE enabled test set.
As shown, the response time here is sufficiently fast
to adhere to the requirements defined in the standard
(Figure 10). However, as it is only a single test result then IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging is now widely used
to actually verify the performance, we must repeat the
same case at least e.g. 100 times and check the maximum in substation applications replacing methods using
response time under simulated network traffic.
As an extension of these procedures, this ‘Ping-Pong binary inputs/outputs and wires. GOOSE messaging
GOOSE’ can be played continuously between two or
more IEDs without any external equipment. In case of performance evaluation for certified IEC 61850 con-
two IEDs, the same settings as shown above are sufficient
with the exception of exchanging GOOSE (A)/GOOSE formant devices is one of the critical issues in achie-
(B) and inverting their logic at one IED. An IEC 61850
network analyzer could observe the continuous ‘Ping-Pong ving required substation functions such as sending
GOOSE’ rally, and as for evaluation, it is only necessary to
determine how many GOOSEs were issued to the network trip commands or exchanging interlock status.
in a certain time period, i.e.

To obtain
10 Single 'Ping-pong GOOSE' 11 Rally of 'Ping-pong GOOSE'
the expected for performance evalation of an IED between two IEDs
benefits of Protection Relay Test Device with IEC 61850 Protection Relay Protection Relay

IEC 61850,it 2. GOOSE (A) GOOSE (A)

1. GOOSE (B) GOOSE (B)
is critical to

apply IEDs with

sufficiently high

performance

of GOOSE

messaging.

PAC.WINTER.2008