SJ-5112 Perancangan Geometrik Jalan Semester I /2010-2011

Pendahuluan Sony Sulaksono Wibowo, Ph.D

Materi

o Prinsip Perancangan Geometrik Jalan Antar

Kota
o Geometrik Persimpangan dan Jalan Dalam Kota
Daftar Pustaka Wajib

o American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (2001) A Policy on
Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,
Washington DC, ISBN 1-56051-156-7
Waktu dan Tempat
Penilaian

o Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)

o Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS)

o Tugas Besar

o Kuis dan tugas-tugas kuliah

o Tidak ada ujian perbaikan, ujian khusus, atau tugas

tambahan yang bersifat menaikan nilai secara sepihak
Peraturan Perkuliahan dan Ujian

o Tidak merokok di dalam kelas

o Tidak melakukan kegiatan yang
mengganggu orang lain
o Selama di dalam kelas (kuliah dan ujian),
tidak diperkenankan menggunakan
telepon gengam dan alat komunikasi lain
o Perkuliahan adalah bentuk diskusi aktif
Kontak dan Diskusi

o Dapat dilakukan setiap saat dalam kuliah atau

dapat dilakukan secara terbatas selama jam kerja
yang ditetapkan oleh ITB.
o Alamat kontak:
KK Rekayasa Transportasi
Lantai 2 Labtek 1
Telp./Fax.: 022 2502350/2512395
Email: sonyssw@si.itb.ac.id
YM id: sonyssw
Facebook: Sony S Wibowo
Geometrik Jalan
Table of Contents

o Introduction
 History of Road
 Standards and Regulations
 Highway Function

o Design Control and Criteria

 Highway Design Components
 Design Vehicle, Driver Characteristics, and Speed
 Traffic Characteristics, Highway Capacity, and Level of
Service
 Environmental Issues and Energy Concern
 Safety and Cost Consideration
Table of Contents

o Element of Design
 Sight Distance
 Horizontal Alignment
 Vertical Alignment
 Cross Section
o Safety Issues on Geometric Design
o Road Location
o Urban Road and Interchange
Introduction:
History of Road
History of Road

o 4000 BC defined pathways used to travel and

transport goods
 Already using higher ground for transport to reduce
flooding of track
o 3000 BC wheel invented
 Using carts and wagons
 Vehicle widths of 2 m and gauge of 1.4m
o 2000 BC road builders began
 Considering width, grades, materials, curves
 Rock proved a durable road surface
History of Road

o 312 BC Appian Way was built

 The most important ancient Roman road
 Called as "the queen road“
 It connected Rome to Brindisi, Apulia in southeast Italy -
50 km long, good materials and drainage
o 16th century the term of road began
 appear from verb “ride”
o 1585 Guido Toglietta, an Italian engineer published
ideas on the use of small broken stone to construct
new roads
Via Appian Map
Via Appian Road
 Pompeii Street

Pompeii City was vanished on 79 AD

History of Road

o Modern’ road construction began in the late

Eighteenth Century
 1764  paving rocks and small stones (France)
 1820  Telford made improvements in design with
drainage
 1822 McAdam  better compaction of subgrade and
binded surface
 1854 Hooley adapted McAdams technique to use tar
as sealant (hence be named as Tarmac)
History of Road
History of Road

o 1908 Long Island Motor Parkway – 10 km long

and used superelevation
o Dual carriage way terminology originated from
the use of horse drawn carriages
 Driving on left hand side of road – vehicles with one
line of horses  driver used right hand for reins and
whip – favored passing on left (England)
 Driving on right hand side – more than one line of
horses driver  driver tended to sit to left – firearm
used favored moving to right – also gave forward
vision
History of Road

o Car speeds rarely exceeded 15 km/hr

 15-25 m of radius curves were ok
o By 1900 a minimum of 50 m radius required
o Native asphalt was naturally occuring
o Today’s Roads are design by
 Safety
 Cost
 Efficiency
 Driver behavior
 Environment impacts
Pantura
Road Planning in Indonesia

Jalan dan Jembatan Kelok Sembilan, Payakumbuh

Toll Road
Introduction:
Standards and Regulations
Regulations for Indonesia Roads

 UU No. 13/1980 tentang Jalan

o UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
o PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan
o PerMen PU tentang Persyaratan Teknis Jalan
(direncanakan terbit tahun 2009)
Norma, Standar, Pedoman, Manual
o Norma (N)  aturan normatif dan bersifat
kualitatif
o Standar (S)  aspek normatif yang dibuat secara
kuantitatif dan dispesifikasi besarannya
o Pedoman (P)  mengatur mekanisme
implementasi
o Manual (M)  step-by-step yang cukup detail
'Standar' Perencanaan

o Spesifikasi Standar untuk Perencanaan

Geometrik Jalan Luar Kota (Rancangan Akhir),
Desember 1990
o Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar
Kota, No. 038/TBM/1997, September 1997

Recently, no NSPM exist !!

American Standards
for Geometric Design
o 1940 - Policy on Highway Types (Geometric)
o 1941, 1945 - A Policy on Design Standards
o 1954 - A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural
Highways
o 1965 - A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural
Highways
o 1973 - A Policy on Design of Urban Highways
and Arterial Streets
o 1984 - A Policy on Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets
American Standards
for Geometric Design

o 1990 - A Policy on Geometric Design of

Highways and Streets
o 1994 - A Policy on Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets
o 2001 - A Policy on Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets
o 2004 - A Policy on Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets
Other Standards
(sometimes used in Indonesia)
o British Standard
 http://www.bsi-global.com/en/Standards-and-Publications/

o Japan Road Standard

 http://www.mlit.go.jp/road/road_e/contents.html
o Australian Standard (AUSTROADS)
 http://www.austroads.com.au/
 Queensland: http://www.mainroads.qld.gov.au
 New Zealand Standard:
http://www.transit.govt.nz/technical_information/index.js
p
Introduction:
Highway Function
 Highway Function
Hierarchy of Movements
Mobility & Accessibility
• Mobility: The ability to
move goods and passengers
to their destination (in a
reasonable time)
• Accessibility: the ability to
reach desired destination,
Highway Function

o The first step in the design process is to define the

function that the facility is to serve.
o The level of service required to fulfill this
function for the anticipated volume and
composition of traffic provides a rational and
cost-effective basis for the selection of design
speed and geometric criteria within the range of
values available to the designer (for the specified
functional classification).
Highway Function

Arterials • The use of

Higher degrees of
Mobility
functional
Low degree of classification as a
design type
access

Collectors should
Balance between
Arterials and
appropriately
Collectors integrate the
Locals highway planning
Lower degrees of
mobility
and design
High degree of
access
process.
Highway Function

Functional
Services Provided
System

Arterial Provides the highest level of service at the greatest

speed for the longest uninterrupted distance, with
some degree of access control.

Collector Provides a less highly developed level of service at a

lower speed for shorter distances by collecting traffic
from local roads and connecting them with arterials.

Local Consists of all roads not defined as arterials or

collectors; primarily provides access to land with
little or no through movement.
Highway Function – US System
Blue lines –Interstate Highway

Red lines – State Highway

National Highway System (United States)

 Highway Function – US System

Representative freeway Representative urban arterial

I476/U.S Rt. 1 Interchange, Montgomery County, PA) (Windsor, CT)
Highway Function – US System

Representative rural arterial Representative Collectors and Local

(Taconic State Parkway, NY) (Rt. 58, CT)
Highway Function – US System

Representative collector in a residential area Representative collector in a urban area

(Greenbelt, MD) (Lambertville, NJ)

Highway Function – US System

Representative collector in a rural area Representative local street

(Easton, CT) (Montgomery Co., MD)
Highway Function – why?

What will happen if

your design speed
is 50 km/hr
for this highway?

or 110 km/hr
for this?
Highway Function – Indonesia

o UU no. 38/2004:
 Jalan Khusus
 Jalan Umum
 Sistem Jaringan – Primer dan Sekunder
 Fungsi – Arteri, Kolektor, Lokal, dan Lingkungan
 Status – Nasional, Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota, dan Desa
 Kelas – Bebas Hambatan, Jalan Raya, Jalan Sedang, dan
Jalan Kecil
Pertimbangan Dalam Penetapan Fungsi dan Status
Jalan
Prinsip Klasifikasi Fungsi Jalan
PERAN MOBILITAS LALULINTAS
UTAMA

JALAN ARTERI
TRANSISI

DISTRIBUSI

JALAN KOLEKTOR
KOLEKSI

JALAN LOKAL

AKSES
PERAN AKSESIBILITAS
Pentingnya Penentuan Fungsi Jalan
o Keselamatan
 Pemanfaatan jalan sesuai dengan klasifikasi fungsi jalan,
memberikan kemudahan dalam pengelolaan keselamatan jalan
o Ekonomi
 Investasi prasarana jalan
 optimalkan investasi jalan secara tepat guna
 Lalu lintas
 kelancaran dalam distribusi barang yang mendukung pertumbuhan
ekonomi
o Stabilitas dan sosial
 Penyediaan mobilitas dan aksesibilitas jalan yang merata ke
seluruh wilayah akan memberikan dampak positif bagi stabilitas
dan pemerataan sosial
Payung Hukum Jalan

 UU No. 13/1980 tentang Jalan

 PP No.26/1985 tentang Jalan
o UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan
 PerMen PU tentang Persyaratan Teknis Jalan (direncanakan
terbit tahun 2009)
 PP No. 15/2005 tentang Jalan Tol
Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia
Pasal 6 - 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

o Jalan Umum
 Diperuntukkan bagi lalulintas umum (termasuk jalan tol)
o Jalan Khusus
 Tidak diperuntukkan bagi lalu lintas umum, dalam rangka
distribusi barang dan jasa yang dibutuhkan secara khusus
 jalan di dalam kawasan pelabuhan
 jalan kehutanan
 jalan perkebunan
 jalan inspeksi pengairan
 jalan di kawasan industri, dan
 jalan di kawasan permukiman yang belum diserahkan kepada
pemerintah
Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia
Pasal 6 - 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan

o Jalan umum dikelompokkan menurut:

 SISTEM JARINGAN, yang terdiri atas:
 Sistem jaringan jalan primer (antar kota)
 Sistem jaringan jalan sekunder (kawasan perkotaan)
 FUNGSI JALAN, yang dikelompokkan menjadi:
 Jalan arteri
 Jalan kolektor
 Jalan lokal
 Jalan lingkungan
Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia
Pasal 6 - 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
o Jalan umum dikelompokkan.. lanjutan:
 STATUS JALAN, yang dikelompokkan menjadi:
 Jalan Nasional
 Jalan Provinsi
 Jalan Kabupaten
 Jalan Kota
 Jalan Desa
 KELAS JALAN, yang dikelompokan menjadi:
 jalan bebas hambatan
 jalan raya
 jalan sedang
 jalan kecil
Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia
Pasal 7 dan 8 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
Klasifikasi Jalan di Indonesia
Pasal 9 dan 10 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
Kriteria Teknis Jalan Primer
Pasal 13 dan 16 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
Kriteria Teknis Jalan Sekunder
Pasal 17 dan 20 UU No. 38/2004 tentang Jalan
Hirarki Fungsi Jalan
Pada Sistem Jaringan Jalan Primer

Keterangan:
PKN : Pusat Kegiatan Nasional
PKW : Pusat Kegiatan Wilayah
PKL : Pusat Kegiatan Lokal
PKLing : Pusat Kegiatan Lingkungan
Pasal 10 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan
Sistem Jaringan Jalan Primer
UU 38/2004 dan PP 34/2006
Hirarki Fungsi Jalan
Pada Sistem Jaringan Jalan Sekunder

Pasal 11 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan

Sistem Jaringan Jalan Sekunder
UU 38/2004 dan PP 34/2006
Penampang Jalan
Penjelasan Pasal 33 PP No. 34/2006 tentang Jalan
Selesai