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  • 4G Wireless Technology Overview

    Diunggah oleh

    Sanjay Yadav
    106 tayangan31 halaman
    0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology. 1G was an analog system and was developed in the seventies. 2G phones using global system for mobile communications (GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. 2.5G is an interim stage that is taken between 2G and 3G. It is basically an enhancement of two major technologies to provide increased capacity and to increase higher bit rates.

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    0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology. 1G was an analog system and was developed in the seventies. 2G phones using global system for mobile communications (GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. 2.5G is an interim stage that is taken between 2G and 3G. It is basically an enhancement of two major technologies to provide increased capacity and to increase higher bit rates.

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    106 tayangan31 halaman

    4G Wireless Technology Overview

    Diunggah oleh

    Sanjay Yadav
    0G refers to pre-cellular mobile telephony technology. 1G was an analog system and was developed in the seventies. 2G phones using global system for mobile communications (GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. 2.5G is an interim stage that is taken between 2G and 3G. It is basically an enhancement of two major technologies to provide increased capacity and to increase higher bit rates.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 31

    | 

    
      
    By:
    Arpit Aggarwal
    0271184408
      |
    ° x  trm 4G is us broaly to inclu sral
    typs of broaban wirlss accss
    communication systms, not only cllular
    tlp on systms.

    ° On of t  trms to scrib 4G is


    ° MAGIC²Mobil Multimia
    ²Anytim Anyw r
    ²Global Mobility Support
    ²Intgrat Wirlss Solution an
    ²Customiz Prsonal Sric
    @
    ° 0G rfrs to prcllular mobil tlp ony tc nology. x 
    systms wr call ´Cllularµ bcaus larg corag aras
    wr split into smallr aras or ´cllsµ, ac cll is sr by a
    low powr transmittr an rcir.

    ° At t  n of 1940·s, t  first raio tlp on sric was


    introuc, an was sign to usrs in cars to t  public
    lanlin bas tlp on ntwork.

    ° In t  sixtis, a systm launc  by Bll Systms, call


    IMxS, or, ´Impro Mobil xlp on Sricµ, boug t quit
    a fw impromnts suc as irct ialing an mor
    banwit .
        

    ° x  1G or First Gnration. 1G was an analog


    systm an was lop in t  sntis. 1G
    a two major impromnts, t is was t 
    inntion of t  microprocssor, an t  igital
    transform of control link btwn t  p on an
    t  cll sit. ¶AMPS· was first launc  by USA
    an is 1G Systm. It was bas on FDMA us
    to mak oic calls in on country.
    ·  
    ° 1G:
    ° Poor Voic Quality.

    ° Poor Battry Lif.

    ° Larg P on Siz.

    ° No Scurity.

    ° Frqunt Call Drops.

    ° Limit capacity an poor anoff rliability.


    ˜      

    ° 2G p ons using global systm for mobil


    communications (GSM) wr first us in t 
    arly 1990·s in Europ. GSM prois oic an
    limit ata srics an uss igital
    moulation for impro auio quality. Digital
    AMPS, CDMA wr som of t  2G Systms.
    ˜    
    ° An intrim stag t at is takn btwn 2G an 3G t at
    is 2.5G.

    ° It is basically an n ancmnt of two major


    tc nologis to proi incras capacity an to
    incras ig r bit rats.

    ° A ry important aspct of 2.5G is t  ata c annl ar


    optimiz for packt ata w ic inclu accss to
    intrnt t roug mobil ics.
    ·  ˜
    ° 2G:

    ° x  GSM is circuit switc , connction orint


    tc nology, w r t  n systms ar icat for t 
    ntir call sssion.

    ° x is causs infficincy in t  usag of banwit an


    rsourcs. x  GSMnabl systms o not support ig
    ata rats. x y ar unabl to anl complx ata suc
    as io.
    †    
    ° x  3G tc nology as multimia facilitis to
    2G p ons by allowing Auio, Vio, an
    Grap ics Applications.

    ° x  ia b in 3G is to a a singl ntwork


    stanar insta of t  iffrnt typs aopt
    in t  US, Europ, an Asia.
    xlcommunications Systm (UMxS) or IMx
    2000, will sustain ig r ata rats an opn t 
    oor to many Intrnt styl applications.
    ·  †
    ° 3G:

    ° Hig Banwit rquirmnt.

    ° Hig Spctrum Licnsing Fs.

    ° Hug Capital.
    X 
       


    G  kbp


    . G 8| kbp

    G  mbp

    dbnd  | mbp

    |G  mbp

    Speed - mbp
       †  |
       † |
    ·     3.1MB/Sc 100MB/Sc

        Broaban Ultra Broaban

    !
     Low Hig

    @  520 MHz 100+ MHz

    "
      1.62 GHz 28 GHz

    #$  
     Wi Ara Ntwork Hybri Ntwork

    ^  
        
    | 
       
    ° Som possibl stanars for 4G systm ar 802.20,
    WiMAX(802.16), HSDPA, xDD UMxS, UMxS an
    futur rsions of UMxS an propritary ntworks
    from ArrayComm Inc., Naini Ntworks, Flarion
    xc nologis, an 4G fforts in Inia, C ina an Japan.

    ° x  sign is t at 4G woul b bas on OFDM


    (Ort ogonal Frquncy Diision Multiplxing), w ic
    is a ky nablr of 4G xc nology. Ot r tc nical
    aspcts of 4G ar aapti procssing an smart
    antnnas, bot of w ic ar in 3G ntworks an
    n anc rats w n us wit OFDM.
     
    |

    ° Fastr an mor rliabl


    ° 100Mb/s (802.11=54Mb/s, 3G=2Mb/s)

    ° Lowr Cost t an prious gnrations


    ° MultiStanar Wirlss Systm
    ° Blutoot , Wir, Wirlss (802.11x)
    ° AHoc Ntworking
    ° IP6 Cor
    ° OFDM us insta of CDMA
    · $   
    ° FDMAFrquncy Diision Multipl Accss.
    ° It is a mt o w r t  spctrum is cut up into iffrnt frquncis an
    t n t is c unk gin to t  usrs. At on tim only on usr is assign to a
    frquncy. Bcaus of t is t  frquncy is clos, until t  call is n, or
    it is pass on to anot r frquncy

    ° xDMAxim Diision Multipl Accss.


    ° It maks us of t  w ol aailabl spctrum, unlik FDMA. Insta of
    splitting t  slots by frquncy, it splits t m by tim, or all of t 
    frquncy. Eac subscribr is gin a tim slot, as oppos to a frquncy.
    x rfor many uss can sit on on frquncy, an a iffrnt tim slots,
    bcaus t  tim slots ar switc  so rapily xDMA is us for 2G
    ntworks.

    ° CDMACo Diision Multipl Accss.


    ° It uss t  spra spctrum mt o, t  way it works mans its ig ly
    ncrypt, so its no surpris it was lop an us by t  military.
    Unlik FDMA, CDMA allows t  usr to sit on all of t  aailabl
    frquncis at t  sam tim, an op btwn t n. Eac call is intifi
    by its uniqu co, nc t  trm Co Diision.
    ·
    ° Ort ogonal Frquncy Diision Multiplxing
    ° Allows to transfr mor t an ot r forms of
    multiplxing (xim, Frquncy, Co, tc.)
    ° Simplifis t  sign of t  transmittr an t 
    rcir.
    ° Allows for almost t  ntir frquncy ban.
    ° No gaps to prnt intrfrnc n.

    ° Currntly us in WiMax (802.16) an WiFi


    (802.11a/g).
    ·% 

    ^  
     

    ° It uss signal multiplxing btwn multipl transmitting antnnas


    (spac multiplx) an tim or frquncy.

    ° It is wll suit to OFDM, as it is possibl to procss inpnnt


    tim symbols as soon as t  OFDM waform is corrctly sign
    for t  c annl.

    ° x is aspct of OFDM gratly simplifis procssing. t  signal


    transmitt by m antnnas is rci by n antnnas.

    ° In principl, MIMO is mor fficint w n many multipl pat


    signals ar rci.
    @ ·

    ° Main bnfit of OFDM is ig spctral


    fficincy, but wit OFDM you also gt; ig
    rsilincy to RF intrfrnc, an t  multi
    pat istortion is lowr. x is is any bcaus
    in a stanar trrstrial broacasting situation
    t r ar ig amounts of multi pat c annls
    (.g. t  signal t at was snt arris at t 
    rciing n using multipl pat s of iffrnt
    lngt s).
    |   
    ° Smart Antnnas

    ° AHoc Ntworks

    ° IP6

    ° Mobil VoIP
     $  
    ° Bam Raio signals at a usr to follow t  usr as t y
    mo.
    ° Allow t  sam frquncy to b us for ot r usrs
    wit out worry for intrfrnc.
    ° Can·t kp up wit t  transmission sps w il t 
    ic is moing fast (i.. in a car)
    ° Only 32Mb/s at 62mp (s. 100Mb/s)

    ° Samlss anoff btwn towrs/accss points.


    ° On transmit antnna, two rci antnnas
    ° Allows connction to two accss points at onc
    $& #
    ° Spontanous slf organizing of ntworks or
    ics.

    ° Not ncssarily connct to t  intrnt.

    ° 4G will crat ybri ntworks using A Hoc


    Ntworks.

    ° Form of Ms Ntworking


    ° Vry Rliabl
     % 
    ° Mor arsss t an t  currnt rsion of IP
    Protocol (IP4) ac ic can a its own IP
    ° Kp IP arss n if you c ang your accss
    point.
    ° Prsntly translat IP wit ac c ang bcaus of
    t  s ortag of IP arsss.

    ° IP Corryt ing can talk to ac ot r if


    t y spak t  sam ´languagµ (Protocol).
    ! %
    ° ´Voic Or Intrnt Protocolµ
    ° Allows only packts (IP) to b transfrr, liminating
    t  complxity of 2 protocols or t  sam circuit.
    ° All oic ata will b wrapp up in a packt
    ° Lowr latncy ata transmission (Fastr xransmission)
    ° Sampls oic btwn 8000 to 64000 tims pr scon
    an crats stram of bits w ic is t n comprss an
    put into a packt.
    ° Incrass battry lif u to gratr ata transmission.
    $  |

    ° Virtual Prsnc: 4G systm gis mobil usrs a "irtual prsnc"


    (for xampl, alwayson connctions to kp popl on nt). Vio
    Confrncing

    ° Virtual naigation: a rmot atabas contains t  grap ical


    rprsntation of strts, builings, an p ysical c aractristics of a
    larg mtropolis. Blocks of t is atabas ar transmitt in rapi
    squnc to a  icl

    ° xl go procssing: Quris pnnt on location information of


    sral usrs, in aition to tmporal aspcts a many
    applications. .g.: GIS, GPS.

    ° Crisismanagmnt applications.
     |
    ° Afforabl communication srics.

    ° On ic can communicat wit all s. many ics


    communicating wit som ics.

    ° xV, intrnt, p on, raio, om nironmnt snsors all


    rac abl t roug on ic, t  cll p on.
    ° Straming HD io.

    ° xoo connct
    ° Incras in social ntworking, inasion of priacy scurity concrns.
    ° Incras in rgulation likly (i.. no riing an using a cll p on).
    # 
    |

    ° First Stp xowars Full Rang of WiMax / 4G Applications


    ° x is succssful implmntation of t  OFDM waform is t  first stp in
    Military xc nologis plan to implmnt t  complt IEEE 802.16
    family of wirlss ata applications.

    ° WiFi/WiMax Gls Wit 4G

    ° Sprint 4G offrs a fastr wirlss xprinc t an any ot r


    U.S. national wirlss carrir, an Sprint is t  only
    national carrir offring wirlss 4G sric toay in 27
    markts. Sprint 4G lirs ownloa sps up to 10 tims
    fastr t an 3G, giing HxC EVO 4G t  fastst ata sps
    of any U.S. wirlss ic aailabl toay.
    @ |   
    ° Wll, rsarc rs ar working on ig ly aanc faturs lik
    ° Spaking wit out using ocal cors.
    ° x is coul b us in cas you ar in Library (or in Exam Hall) an you
    cannot spak out louly. You will b abl to communicat just by moing
    your mout .
    ° Communicating using our sns.
    ° Say if somon is cooking somt ing an  wants you to smll it,  will
    b abl to o t at.
    ° Knowing w ic irction t  call is coming from.
    ° How far your frins ar, tc.

    ° Plas not t at all t s faturs ar at initial stag of rsarc


    an is not iabl long tim to com. Most of t s faturs woul
    not b ray in tim for 4G, but will com as t y say, in tim for
    5G (Fift Gnration) tc nology.
     
    
    ° Migration to 4G ntworks nsurs conrgnc of ntworks,
    tc nologis, applications an srics.

    ° Low cost ig sp ata will ri forwar t  fourt gnration


    (4G) as s ortrang communication mrgs.

    ° It is probabl t at t  raio accss ntwork will ol from a


    cntraliz arc itctur to a istribut on.

    ° Wirlss carrirs a an opportunity to s ortn Instmnt


    rturn, impro oprating fficincy an incras rnus.

    ° Innoations in ntwork tc nology will proi an nironmnt


    in w ic irtually anyt ing is aailabl, anyw r, at any tim,
    ia any connct ic.
     
    ° Docomo: xowars 4G xc nology
    ° ttp://www.nttocomo.com/tc nologis/futur/towar/inx. tml

    ° Frquntly Ask Qustions on 4G By Za i G aialy


    ° ttp://www.3g4g.co.uk/4G/faq. tml

    ° 4G, Wikipia
    ° ttp://n.wikipia.org/wiki/4G

    ° xlnor: Mobility Aspcts in 4G Ntworks W it Papr


    ° ttp://www.tlnor.com/r/pub/not02/N_43_2002.pf

    ° 4G Mobil Ntworks ² xc nology Byon 2.5g An 3g ²W it Papr


    ° ttp://www.ptc.org/past_nts/ptc07/program/paprs/x24_RoyConsulta.pf

    ° Visions for 4G: Many Ways to Ac i Intgrat Wirlss Connctiity ²W it
    Papr
    ° ttp://www. ig frquncylctronics.com/Arc is/Jan07/HFE0107_xc R
    port.pf
    X 
    x ank You

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