Mammalia

Mammalia

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 09:53

one of most successful groups?

managed as 1 class of organisms to conquer every ecosystem

insects more successful in #, but terrestrial, a few freshwater. no ocean.

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 09:53

can describe mammals on feeding strategies.

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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Mammalia

MJAOR defining of diff mammals based of teeth, jaws, position of teeth

What’s new in mammals
many functions, into 1 jaw. specialized.
 Jaws and teeth
 Hair insulative: their secret! ancient nocturnal and burrowed, hairs to sense tunnel, became insulative covering
to maintain homeothermy in evening when reptiles not feeding
 Glandular skin
 Muscular diaphragm glandular skin: keep hair supple, smells and producing smells, identify.
secretions in glands of skin = feeding young = mammary glands!
 Extended care of young
burrows = different breathing = diaphram which raises and lowers even if
ribs are constricted to aerate the lungs.

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

4 care of young important. Some born agile right away, extended care for
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 09:53
predators brief, some others care for a longlong time.

elaborate, designed for mammal's mobility. Quadrapeds to bipeds

Skeletal system

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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canine to puncture and damage.

Teeth have different functions

 Incissors shearing
2 sets: baby and adult! Deal with the fact that as grows, jaw enlarges!
 Canines piercing shed 1st set and replace so they fit.
 Premolars
wisdom teeth: our jaw starting to decline in size, these extra teeth get crowded
 Molars
pre molars vs molars: which ones coes out only in adult set

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no canines, great cutters and grinders

Mammal jaws
mammals can feed on bigger things in bite sized pieces!! Innovative!
Omnivore Herbivore
jaw and teeth define. Tell what they eat, species, group.

Carnivore
primarily piercing teeth
BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function small incisors
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herbivores develope a mutualism with bacteria in digestive system.

Rhuminant stomach
let food ferment in stomache, bacteria break down cellulose, regurgitate
foreward to "chew cud", reinnoculate and crush bacteria into food,
Esophagous swallow again and bypass fermentation.

Intestine Reticulum
rabiits feed, poop out, eat innoculated food (pass through sustem twice)

Rumen Omasum
Only other group to figure out cellulose and turn into dietary substance
Abomasum are termites!

Termites recyclers or cellulose, consume largest mass.

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function
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sebaceous gland prevents split ends! Also produce the smells.

Integument
Pheramones and communication mammalian thing. Smells produce reactions.
Sweat
pore Sebaceous
gland skunk = get the hell out of here! smell
Sweat gland
Erector "andron" perfume hilarious backstory! Makes pigs horny.
muscle

sweat gland: produces water. Hairs insulate, but to cool use evaporativesystem.
Follicle
Some glands becomes specialized for secreting nutrients = mammary glands
differ in locations, share origins as secretions to nourish young
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hiccups = diaphragm spasm.

Respiration

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Lung

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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dual circuit

like birds, pump sends to systemic and pulmonary

Dual circuit heart
Aortic arch
Pulmonary artery
Anterior Pulmonary vein
Vena cava
Right atrium Left atrium
Posterior
Vena cava
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Dorsal aorta

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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Retain RIGHT AORTIC ARCH = not related to birds

Circulatory system
single artery, again
1. Carotids
2.
3. Innominate
4.
5. Pulmonary artery
6.
Lung

Pulmonary vein

Systemic arch

Dorsal aorta

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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Mammalia

like the birds, but RETAIN TO RIGHT!

Arterial circulation
Systemic
Renal
4. Coelic Gonadal
6. Iliac
Innominate
Caudal
Carotid

Subclavian
Anterior Dorsal Posterior
Pulmonary aorta mesenteric
mesenteric

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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perfected return, 1 piece of plumbing.

Venous circulation
1 portal system, no renal (bit improved)
Hepatic portal
Pulmonary Renal
Subclavian Gonadal
Iliolumbar
External
jugular Iliac
Internal Caudal
jugular

Anterior
vena cava
Azygous Hepatic Posterior vena cava

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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similar to birds.
Kidney
metanephros: instead of kidney down length of body, concentrate
in 1 ara of body.

Nephron inside of kidner, link between

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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Nephron
link btwn circulatry and nephridia
Bowman’s Proximal
capsule convoluting
in proximal tubes, recover some water. Loop of hemly, make sure concentratd
tubule
urine (Urea as mammals)
Distal
convoluting
tubule

Loop of
Collecting duct
Henle

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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some recovery in prox and distal, but secret is loop:

Nephron
1 side permeable, other side pumps salt. As urine moves up to top, expend
H2O metabolic energy to pump out salt, draws out water.
300 300
goes into salty area, pulls out water. Conserve salt.
100
All through this, urea cannot leave membrane so concentrates as pulling wate
400 400 out. some does leave near end?
600 400 H2O Urea 600
NaCl
900
H2O core of kidney rich in salt and urea to create this environment.
900
900 At top, all salts and water recovered, solution of urea which travels
1200 1200 \down duct \(contributes to saltyness of core).

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

17 more loop of hemly = more water conservation
Université d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 09:53 KEY, COMPENSATE FOR WATER DEMANDS, KEEP WATER AND SALT
BALANCE.
applies to birds?

Reproduction

 Oviparous
– Monotremes
 Viviparous
– Marsupial
– Placental Mammals

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eggs!

secretes secretions that young lap up, no mammary glands

Monotremes

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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leaves womb early, travels into pouch to suckle until mature.

Marsupials
Reproductive system shuts down until joey leaves.

embryo's internally are seen as foreign. Can only keep in utero for so
long until seen as parasite, must leave.

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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blood barrier between mother and young: immune system never

sees it as a foreign parasite.
Placental
mammals Can keeps taking nutrients from mother, mother;s systems deal with
metabolic waste.

without placental barrier, cannot retain this long!

not only extend care after birth, but during developement in womb.

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Fetal circulation Carotids not breathing, no use for pulmonary circuit. Shut down by Foreman ovule
Subclavian (find in pig?) so ensuring not used.
Anterior vena cava Ductus arteriosis
Pulmonary artery
Foreman ovale
Pulmonary vein
mechanism to not shunt blood in lungs (frog has this?)
Posterior vena cava
when born, 1st thing they do is gasp/scream/etc for first filling up lungs, seals
Umbilical vein foremanal ovule. Seals fully withinh hours.

Hepatic portal Hole in heart when born = valve not shutting.

Umbilical arteries

BIO 2135 Animal Form and Function

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invert zoology, entomology he teaches

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