Power Systems : Vector group of a trafo...

The vector group denotes the way in which the windings of a transformer are connected
and the phase position of their respective voltage vectors.

The following examples are for two winding three phase transformers:

So, what does Dd0, Dyn11, YNd5 etc. mean?

First symbol/symbols, capital letters: HV winding connection.

Second symbol/symbols, small letters: LV winding connection.
Third symbol, number: Phase displacement expressed as the clock hour number.

Winding connection designations

High Voltage Always capital letters

Delta -D
Star -S
Interconnected star -Z
Neutral brought out -N

Low voltage Always small letters

Delta -d
Star -s
Interconnected star -z
Neutral brought out -n

Phase displacement

Phase rotation is always anti-clockwise. (international adopted convention)

Use the hour indicator as the indicating phase displacement angle. Because there are 12
hours on a clock, and a circle consists out of 360°, each hour represents 30°.
Thus 1 = 30°, 2 = 60°, 3 = 90°, 6 = 180° and 12 = 0° or 360°.
The minute hand is set on 12 o'clock and replaces the line to neutral voltage (sometimes
imaginary) of the HV winding. This position is always the reference point.
Because rotation is anti-clockwise, 1 = 30° lagging (LV lags HV with 30°)and 11 = 330°
lagging or 30° leading (LV leads HV with 30°)

To summarise:
Dd0
Delta connected HV winding, delta connected LV winding, no phase shift between HV
and LV.
Dyn11
Delta connected HV winding, star connected LV winding with neutral brought out, LV is
leading HV with 30°
YNd5
Star connected HV winding with neutral brought out, delta connected LV winding, LV
lags HV with 150°

Some extra comments:

The phase-bushings on a three phase transformer are marked either ABC, UVW or 123
(HV-side capital, LV-side small letters)
Two winding, three phase transformers can be devided into four main categories (Clock
hour number and phase displacement of those most frequently encountered in practice in
brackets)

Group I - (0 o'clock, 0°) - delta/delta, star/star

Group II - (6 o'clock, 180°) - delta/delta, star/star
Group III - (1 o'clock, -30°) - star/delta, delta/star
Group IV - (11 o'clock, +30°) - star/delta, delta/star

(Minus indicates LV lagging HV, plus indicates LV leading HV)

Group I
Example: Dd0 (no phase displacement between HV and LV)
The conventional method is to connect the red phase on A/a, Yellow phase on B/b, and
the Blue phase on C/c. Other phase displacements are possible with unconventional
connections (for instance red on b, yellow on c and blue on a) By doing some
unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal connected Dd0
transformer can be changed either to a Dd4(-120°) or Dd8(+120°) connection. The same
is true for internal connected Dd4 or Dd8 transformers.
Group II
Example: Dd6 (180° displacement between HV and LV)
By doing some unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal
connected Dd6 transformer can be changed either to a Dd2(-60°) or Dd10(+60°)
connection.
Group III
Example: Dyn1 (-30° displacement between HV and LV)
By doing some unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal
connected Dyn1 transformer can be changed either to a Dyn5(-150°) or Dyn9(+90°)
connection.
Group IV
Example: Dyn11 (+30° displacement between HV and LV)
By doing some unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal
connected Dyn11 transformer can be changed either to a Dyn7(+150°) or Dyn3(-90°)
connection.

Additional Note
By doing some unconventional connections externally on both sides of the trsf, an
internal connected groupIII or groupIV transformer can be changed to any of these two
groups. Thus, an internal connected Dyn1 transformer can be changed to either a: Dyn3,
Dyn5, Dyn7, Dyn9 or Dyn11 transformer, by doing external changes on both sides of the
trsf. This is just true for star/delta or delta/star connections.
Changes for delta/delta or star/star transformers between groupI and groupII can just be
done internally.

This is a rather long post - but I hope it will answer your question

Regards
Ralph

Power Systems : Vector group of a trafo...

06 January 2006, 10:00:36
Author: dtkubal
Subject: Vector group of a trafo...
Posted: 06 Jan 2006 at 2:00am

Though i replied to the same in previous question here it is

The vector group denotes the way in which the windings are connected and the phase
position of their respective voltage vectors. It consists of letters identifying the
configuration of the phase windings and the number indicating the phase angle between
the phase-to-neutral voltages of the windings.

The ANSI notations are not identical to the IEC marketplace (See ANSI/IEEE Std
C57.70). For the IEC marketplace the winding connections are categorized as follows:

a) Delta (D,d)
b) Start (Y,y)
c) Interconnected Star (Z,z)
d) Open (III, iii)

IEC NOTATION:

Capital Letter = HV winding, lower case letter = MV or LV winding.

Number = multiple of 30o denotes the angle by which the vector of LV winding lags that
of the HV winding