Module VI
Fugasitas
𝑑𝐺 = 𝑅𝑇 𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑓)
𝐺 = 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛𝑓 + 𝐶
Standard Sate Fugacity
Perubahan energi bebas molar suatu gas dari konsidi awal G1 dan
kondisi akhir G2,
𝑓2
∆𝐺 = 𝐺2 − 𝐺1 = 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛
𝑓1
Gas Ideal
𝑃2
∆𝐺 = 𝐺2 − 𝐺1 = 𝑅𝑇𝑙𝑛
𝑃1
𝑓 𝑓
lim = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 = 1
𝑃 →0 𝑃 𝑃
Koefisien Fugasitas
0
𝑓
𝐺 − 𝐺 = 𝑅𝑇 ln 0
𝑓
0
𝑃
𝐺 = 𝐺 + 𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑜 + 𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛∅
𝑃
Gas Ideal
0
𝑃
𝐺 = 𝐺 + 𝑅𝑇 ln 𝑜
𝑃
Efek Temperatur dan Tekanan
𝑃𝑉 𝑉 𝑍
𝑍= 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 =
𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇 𝑃
𝑉 𝑍
𝑑(ln 𝑓) = 𝑑𝑃 = 𝑑𝑃
𝑅𝑇 𝑃
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
𝑑(ln 𝑓) = + 𝑍 −1 = 𝑑(ln 𝑃) + (𝑧 − 1)
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
𝑓 𝑑𝑃
𝑑 ln = (𝑍 − 1)
𝑃 𝑃
Integrasi antara 0 dan P
𝑃
𝑓 𝑍 −1
ln = න 𝑑𝑃
𝑝 0 𝑃
Latihan
𝑃 𝑉 − 𝑏 = 𝑅𝑇
𝑃𝑉 𝑃𝑏
PV = RT + Pb → 𝑍 = = 1+
𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇
𝑃
𝑓 𝑏 𝑃𝑏
ln = ln ∅ = න 𝑑𝑃 =
𝑝 0 𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇
𝜕𝐺෨𝑖 𝜕𝜇𝑖
= = 𝑉෨𝑖
𝜕𝑃 𝑇
𝜕𝑃 𝑇
𝜕 𝑙𝑛𝑓𝑖ҧ 𝑉෨𝑖
=
𝜕𝑃 𝑇 𝑅𝑇
𝑓 ∗
𝑑 𝐺෨𝑖 = 𝑑𝜇𝑖 = 𝑅𝑇𝑑 𝑙𝑛 𝑓𝑖ሶ 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝐺 ∗ − 𝐺 = 𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑇 𝑓
Diferensial terhadap T pada P konstan
𝜕𝐺 ∗ 𝜕𝐺 𝑓∗ 𝜕(ln 𝑓 ∗) 𝜕(ln 𝑓)
− = 𝑅𝑇 ln + 𝑅𝑇 − 𝑅𝑇
𝜕𝑇 𝑃
𝜕𝑇 𝑃
𝑓 𝜕𝑇 𝑃
𝜕𝑇 𝑃
f* = P
𝜕𝐺 ∗ 𝜕𝐺 𝐺 ∗ −𝐺 𝜕(ln 𝑓)
− = − 𝑅𝑇
𝜕𝑇 𝑃
𝜕𝑇 𝑃
𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝑃
𝐺 ≡ 𝐻 − 𝑇𝑆
𝜕(ln 𝑓) 𝐻 ∗ −𝐻
=
𝜕𝑇 𝑅𝑇 2
𝜕(lnሜ 𝑓𝑖 ) 𝐻ሜ 1∗ − 𝐻ሜ 1
=
𝜕𝑇 𝑅𝑇 2
Residual Volume
𝑑𝐺 = 𝑉𝑑𝑃 = 𝑅𝑇𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑓)
𝑅𝑇 𝑓 1 𝑃
𝛼=𝑉 − 𝑙𝑛 = න 𝛼𝑑𝑃
𝑃 𝑃 𝑅𝑇 0
Persamaan Keadaan
𝑑𝐺 = 𝑉𝑑𝑃 = 𝑅𝑇𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑓)
Integrasi P0 dimana fugasitas f0dan P fugasitas f
𝑓 1 𝑃
𝑙𝑛 0 = න 𝑉𝑑𝑃
𝑓 𝑅𝑇 𝑃0
න 𝑉𝑑𝑃 = 𝑃𝑉 − න 𝑃𝑑𝑉
𝑃 𝑉
න 𝑉𝑑𝑃 = 𝑃𝑉 − 𝑃0 𝑉 0 − න 𝑃𝑑𝑉
𝑃0 𝑉0
𝑃 𝑉
න 𝑉𝑑𝑃 = 𝑃𝑉 − 𝑅𝑇 − න 𝑃𝑑𝑉
𝑃0 𝑉0
Metoda Pendekatan
𝑓 1 𝑃
𝑙𝑛 = න 𝛼𝑑𝑃
𝑃 𝑅𝑇 0
𝑓 𝛼𝑃
𝑙𝑛 =
𝑃 𝑅𝑇
𝑉𝑃2
𝑓=
𝑅𝑇
Fugasitas Padatan dan Cairan
𝐺𝑉 = 𝐺𝐿 → 𝐺 𝑆 = 𝐺𝑉
𝑓𝑉 = 𝑓𝐿 → 𝑓 𝑆 = 𝑓𝑉
𝑠𝑎𝑡 2
𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑉𝑃
𝑓 =
𝑅𝑇
𝑓 𝑉
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑃 − 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑅𝑇
P, atm 0 14 22 30 44 58 68
𝑑𝐺 = 𝑅𝑇 𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑓)
𝑓
lim =1
𝑃 →0 𝑃
𝑑𝜇𝑖 = 𝑅𝑇𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑓𝑖ҧ )
𝑓𝑖ҧ
lim =1
𝑃 →0 𝑝𝑖ҧ
𝑝𝑖ҧ = 𝑦𝑖 𝑃
Fugasitas Dialam Larutan Gas
𝜕𝜇𝑖
= 𝑉ത𝑖 ⟹ 𝜕𝜇𝑖 = 𝑉ത𝑖 𝑑𝑃
𝜕𝑃 𝑇,𝑛
𝑉ത𝑖
𝑅𝑇𝑑(ln 𝑓𝑖ҧ ) = 𝑉ത𝑖 𝑑𝑃 ⟹ 𝑑(ln 𝑓𝑖ҧ ) 𝑑𝑃
𝑅𝑇
𝑓𝑖ҧ 1
𝑑 ln = 𝑉ത𝑖 𝑑𝑃 − 𝑅𝑇 𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑝𝑖ҧ )
𝑝𝑖ҧ 𝑅𝑇
𝑝𝑖ҧ = 𝑦𝑖 𝑃, 𝑦𝑖 fraksi mol
𝑑𝑝
𝑑 𝑙𝑛 𝑝𝑖ҧ = 𝑑(ln 𝑃) =
𝑃
𝑓𝑖ҧ 1
𝑑 ln = 𝑉ത𝑖 𝑑𝑃 − 𝑅𝑇 𝑑(𝑙𝑛𝑝𝑖ҧ )
𝑝𝑖ҧ 𝑅𝑇
𝑓𝑖ҧ 1 𝑅𝑇
𝑑 ln = ത
𝑉 − 𝑑𝑃
𝑝𝑖ҧ 𝑅𝑇 𝑖 𝑃
Pada P → 0, 𝑓𝑖ҧ = 𝑝𝑖ҧ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖
𝑓𝑖ҧ 1 𝑃
𝑅𝑇
ln ഥ
= ln ∅𝑖 = ത
න 𝑉𝑖 − 𝑑𝑃
𝑝𝑖ҧ 𝑅𝑇 0 𝑃
𝑓𝑖ҧ 𝑓𝑖ҧ
ഥ𝑖 =
∅ =
𝑝𝑖ҧ 𝑦𝑖 𝑃
𝜕𝑉 𝑡 𝑅𝑇
𝑉ത𝑖 = =
𝜕𝑛𝑖 𝑇,𝑃,𝑛𝑗
𝑃
𝑓𝑖ҧ = 𝑝𝑖ҧ = 𝑦𝑖 𝑃