z Section 1 General
z Section 2 Basis of geotechnical
design
z Section 3 Geotechnical data
z Section 4 Supervision of construction,
monitoring and maintenance
z Section 5 Fill, dewatering, ground
improvement and reinforcement
z Section 6 Spread foundations
z Section 7 Pile foundations
z Section 8 Anchorages
z Section 9 Retaining structures
z Section 10 Hydraulic failure
z Section 11 Site stability
z Section 12 Embankments
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Background and Applications
Informative annexes
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 3
EN 1997-1:
z E A sample semi-empirical method for bearing
resistance estimation
z H Limiting foundation movements and structural
deformation
EN 1997-2:
z D.7 Example of a method to determine the
compressive resistance of a single pile (CPT)
z D.6 Example of a correlation between
compressive resistance of a single pile and
cone penetration resistance
z E.3 Example of a method to calculate the
compressive resistance of a single pile (PMT)
EUROCODES
Background and Applications
Section 7 of EN 1997-1
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 4
(8)P For structures, which do not exhibit capacity to transfer loads from "weak" piles to
"strong" piles, as a minimum, the following equation shall be satisfied:
⎧ (R ) (R ) ⎫
Rc;k = Min⎨ c;m mean ; c;m min ⎬ (7.2)
⎩ ξ1 ξ2 ⎭
where ξ1 and ξ2 are correlation factors related to the number of piles tested and are
applied to the mean (Rc;m) mean and the lowest (Rc;m )min of Rc;m respectively.
NOTE The values of the correlation factors may be set by the National annex. The
recommended values are given in Table A.9.
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Background and Applications
ξ for n = 1 2 3 4 ≥5
(5)P The characteristic values Rb;k and Rs;k shall either be determined by:
where ξ3 and ξ4 are correlation factors that depend on the number of profiles of tests, n,
and are applied respectively: to the mean values (Rc;cal )mean = (Rb;cal + Rs;cal)mean =
(Rb;cal)mean + (Rs;cal)meanand to the lowest values (Rc;cal )min = (Rb;cal + Rs;cal)min,
NOTE The values of the correlation factors may be set by the National annex. The
recommended values are given in Table A.10.
EUROCODES
Background and Applications
where qb;k and qs;i;k are characteristic values of base resistance and shaft friction in the
various strata, obtained from values of ground parameters.
NOTE If this alternative procedure is applied, the values of the partial factors γb and γs
recommended in Annex A may need to be corrected by a model factor larger than 1,0.
The value of the model factor may be set by the National annex.
EUROCODES
Background and Applications
Characteristic value :
Rk = R / ξ where R = γRdRcal or R = Rm (1)
Design value :
Rd = Rk/γt or Rd = Rbk/γb + Rsk/γs (2)
Fk ≤ R / γF.γt.ξ = R / FS (5)
EUROCODES
Background and Applications
Piles in group
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 19
Piles in compression :
Piles in tension :
EUROCODES
Background and Applications
* Gk + Qk = 25 MN