BADD4(A)
4.1 Introduction
Fire protection system is mandatory for public places like the underground metro
station and provides the necessary safety for people and property from fire at any
place in the station by providing necessary equipment for early detection and
suppression of fire. Also, the fire protection system provides support, in the event
of major fires, to the local fire service for extinguishing the fire.
The system is to cover the entire station, ancillary building and tunnels. It is
interfaced with fire detection and alarm system and BMS as per operational
requirement.
4.2 Scope
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Design Criteria
b) Fire Tanks and Fire Pumps capacity as per NFPA-13 and 14.
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b) Early detection and warning :- If at all fire takes place there will be an
elaborate ‘Fire Detection & Alarm System’ to enable the concerned
people to get early warning and to locate and kill a fire in its incipient
stage itself.
c) First Aid Fire Extinguishment: - There would be first aid fire fighting
equipment like Portable Fire Extinguishers and First Aid Hose Reels
which can be operated by station staff (i.e. not necessarily by
Professional Fire fighters). These equipments are being provided in
easily accessible locations all over the Station Box. The basic strategy
is to see that a person doesn’t have to walk more than 30m to reach
Portable Fire Extinguishers or First Aid Hose Reel, which all will be
placed in conspicuous locations.
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g) While the various passive fire protection & life safety measures like
use of non-combustible materials in construction, compartmentation,
smoke/fire check doors etc; fire detection and alarm system; smoke
ventilation and emergency evacuation of people etc. are dealt with
elsewhere, this Chapter of the Report mainly focuses on active fire
fighting measures as enumerated in para 4.2 above.
As already stated in para 4.3 the primary code followed in the design of
fire protection systems is NFPA-130. The codes being followed for
individual fire protection systems are also shown in para 4.3. Other NFPA
codes would be followed as may be relevant.
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The combined Fire & Domestic Water Tanks shall be equipped (in
addition to the provision for automatic level control for water pumps)
to detect low level or high level and to feed signal for alarm at the
pumps panel and also to the Scada/BMS.
The rate of flow of these pumps is established as per NFPA and ODC of
DMRC. The head of these pumps is established to provide a minimum
pressure of 1.5kg/sq.cm at the farthest and highest sprinkler and 2.3
kg/sq.cm at the farthest spray nozzle.
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4) Jockey Pumps:
There will be independent Jockey Pumps for the hydrants system and for
the sprinklers system. The head of the jockey pump would correspond to
the head of main pumps for that system. The flow rate of each of these
jockey pumps would be 189 LPM.
The hydrants pumps as well as the sprinkler pumps provided are such that
they should be able to deliver 150% of the rated flow at head not less than
the 65% of the rated head. Also the shut off head should not be more than
120% of the rated head.
6) Air Vessels:-
One air vessel shall be provided in each system near the corresponding
jockey pump. The air vessels would not only reduce the frequency of
start/stop of jockey pumps but, by providing air cushion, would also
reduce the intensity of water hammering.
7) Pressure Switches:-
Pressure Switches shall be mounted on the air vessels for the automatic
operation of the fire pumps. The pressure settings which are adjustable
would be as under, assuming the working pressure of Hydrants System as
’p’ Kg/Sq.cum and that of the Sprinklers system as ‘q’ Kg/Sq.cm.
Hydrants Sprinkler
S S
y y
s s
t t
e e
m m
Operating Pressure (Kg./Sq.cm.) p q
Jockey Pump Starts (Kg/Sqcm.) p-0.5 q-0.5
Jockey Pump Stops (Kg/Sqcm) p q’
Main Pump Starts (Kg./Sqcm) p-1.0 q-1.0
Standby Pump Starts (Kg./Sqcm) p-1.5 q-1.5
Main or Standby Pump Stops Manual Manual
Each individual pump shall have its own pressure switch. NFPA-20
All pressure settings are adjustable and can be set to suit
the specific requirements.
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In view of the fact that two independent power supplies (from the utility
supply co. as well as from the local D.G. sets and also the fact that the fire
pumps would be connected to emergency supply circuit, diesel engine
driven standby fire pump is not being provided.
The FBC would to be located at place allowing easy access to Fire Tenders.
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FINAL DESIGN - E&M SERVICES CONTRACT:
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These will be located in cabinets containing two hoses each 15m long
and branch pipes for use by the Delhi Fire Service or trained staff on
the DMRC. Each hydrant valve will be provided with a flow switch
for giving indication on the fire alarm panel. (Hydrants shall also be
provided in the tunnels – see para 4.5.5 below).
b) First Aid Hose Reels would be 30.5m (100 ft.) long. These are
being be located in such a way that all parts of the station, except the
running tracks are covered. The Hose Reels would be fed directly from
the Hydrants Mains.
b) The fire mains for the tunnels would be 150 NB (6”) in dia
and would have isolating valve. This valve would be lockable and
addressable.
c) The gas used would be Inert Gas Clean Extinguishing Agent (as
defined in NFPA-2001), a mixture of various combinations of
Nitrogen, Argon and CO2. These are all naturally occurring gases and
have zero Ozone Depleting Effect.
d) The composition of this inert gas mixture and the design of the gas
flooding system would comply with the requirements of NFPA-2001.
e) Each system would consist of an inert gas cylinder bank, the size
of this bank would be determined by the volume of the Room it
protects. The gas flooding operation would be automatic triggered by
a signal from smoke detectors. The Inert Gas containers would be
stored in a room adjacent to or near the Room to be protected.
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and in the station Fire Alarm Panel. A manual releasing device will
also be provided at the entrance of each of these protected rooms with
an auto/manual selection panel for easy manual actuation of the gas
flooding, should the need be there. There would be an ‘Abort’ switch
also to bye-pass the automatic operation in case of a false alarm.
All the areas of the Station would also be protected with portable Fire
Extinguishers in accordance with the requirements of NFPA-10. The type
of extinguisher would be suitable for the use and the occupancy of the
room/area. All the extinguishers would be ISI branded or UL/FM listed.
The following types of Portable Fire Extinguishers would be provided :-
i) CO2 Gas Type (with non metallic horn) for Electrical Switchrooms and
near Distribution Panel, with 4.5kg of Gas.
ii) Water, pressured by CO2 Gas Cartridge, 9 litres capacity.
iii) ABC Powder Type, 5 kg capacity.
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4.6.1 Calculations for determining the size of Fire Water Tank: (Common for both
Hydrants and Sprinklers System)
Rate of Fire water supply required for Hydrants/stand 750usgpm = 2839lpm (A)
pipes (as per NFPA-14; 500 usgpm for the
hydraulically most remote standpipe and 250usgpm
for the second standpipe (500+250= 750usgmp)
Rate of Fire water supply required for sprinkler 2839 LPM (B)
system
As the U/G Stations are equipped with partial
automatic sprinkler protection, hence as per para 5-9
1.3.2 of NFPA-14 the flow rate of both the system is
to be arrived at by adding to the flow for Hydrants
(A) and the flow rate of both the system is to be
arrived at by adding to the flow for Hydrants (A) and
the flow rate for sprinklers (B) or for ordinary hazard
occupancy 500 usgpm (C), whichever is less.
As (C) Is less than (B), the required flow rate for both = (A)+(C)= 1250 usgpm
the system = 4731.3lmp (D)
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3 Jockey pumps for the Fire Hydrant and for the Sprinkler system
Criteria -1
As per NFPA-14 the minimum flow rate for the hydraulically most remote stand
pipe shall be 500 gpm(1893 l/min). The minimum flow rate for the second stand
pipe shall be 250 gpm(946 l/min) per stand pipe.
As per layout drawings two stand pipes have been considered. Therefore as
per above clause 1893 l/min shall be taken for the most remote stand pipe and
946 l/min for the additional stand pipe. Thus the capacity of fire hydrant pump =
1893 + 946 = 2839 l/min
Criteria-2
As per ODC Fire Pumps are required to deliver water at sufficient pressure to
ensure a hydrant pressure as per NFPA 14 at the furthest hydrant with a flow of
2,400 l/min.
Comparing the above two criteria on the capacity of the Hydrant Pump is
established at 2839 l/min
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The capacity of fire sprinkler pump shall be determined from the area density
cuves of figure 5.2.3 in accordance with the method of 5-2.3.2 of NEPA. –13.
(2007)
The biggest consumption of sprinklers fire water is under the platform edge for
the protection of rolling stock. No. of Medium Velocity Spray Nozzle = 72 (at
intervals of 2.5 M for a platform length of 180 M.).
From the density/area curves figure for the said commodity and assumed
maximum area of operations (AMAO) of 4000 sq.ft. Same calculations would
apply for all 9 underground stations of the CS-QM Corridor. The density would
be 0.10 USGPM per Sq.ft i.e. maximum discharge =400x0.1=400usgpm
=1514lpm.
Thus the capacity of the fire sprinkler pump selected is at 2839 l/min.
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FINAL DESIGN - E&M SERVICES CONTRACT:
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The capacity of Jockey Pumps should be able to take care of minor leakages of
the systems or min. 3%/max. 10% of the installed capacity of Main Pumps. We
settle at an average figure of 6.5%.
We have chosen pump capacity of 189 l/min which is the nearest pump
capacity as per table 2-20 of NFPA 20
Thus, capacity of the jockey pump for hydrant & sprinkler system is
established at 189 l/min
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FINAL DESIGN - E&M SERVICES CONTRACT:
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The delivery pipe line internal dia, calculated under different criterion and the
height size arrived at is selected.
Criteria-1
As per table 2-20 of NFPA-20 The minimum size of discharge pipe for 2839
1/mm flow is 150 mm.
Criteria-2
As per ODC pipe size for fire main shall be 150 mm = 150 NB
Criteria-3
As per Table 5.7 of NFPA-14 (2007) for flow of 2839 lpm the minimum pipe
size shall be 150 mm if the distance of piping from the farthest outlet is more
than 100 ft. (30.5 m) .
Criteria-4
Which is acceptable (as per TAC Guidelines being between 2.5 to 3.0
m/sec.)
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Criteria-1
Criteria-2
As per table 2-20 of NFPA 20 the minimum size of discharge pipe for 2839
1/min flow is 150 NB.
Criteria-3
Hence selected pipe diameter for Hydrant Pump delivery/main line is 150 NB
As per clause 5.7 of NFPA 14 stand pipe system shall be designed to provide
the required water flow rate at a minimum residual pressure of 6.9 bars at the
outlet of the hydraulically most remote 63.5 mm hose connection
As per the layout drawings the hydraulically most remote hose connection is
of double headed landing valve located in tunnel. Maximum flow of 2
Hydrants Valves operated simultaneously =2x250usgpm= 1,892 lpm.
From Hazen William's chart it can be found that 150 NB dia pipe (I.D. 154.4
mm) would convey 1892 l/min flow with a head loss of 2.10 m per 100 m
run.
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Total developed straight length between pump room and double headed
landing valve and the equivalent pipe length of valves and fittings as per table
5-10.1 of NFPA 14 are shown in the adjoining table. The equivalent lengths
of various pipe fittings are drawn from NFPA-13, as under:-
26
nos
4.26
110.76
Elbow 45 0 7’ = 2.13m
Tee 30’ = 9.14m
Butterfly valve 10’ = 3.04m
Check valve 32’ = 9.75m
Total equivalent length of pipeline and the frictional head loss are shown below:
Eq. pipe length of valves & fittings of 150 mm dia as per table 8.3.1.3 of NFPA 14
26
nos
4.26
110.76
Tee 2 Nos. 9.14 18.28
Total developed straight length between pump room and double headed
landing valve = 405 m (upto north end of station) + 650 m ( towards Green
Park inside the tunnel) = 1055 m
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Thus the selected head for fire hydrant pump is established as 75m.
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b) SPRINKLER PUMPS
The hydraulically most remote Sprinkler is the farthest Spray Nozzle under the
Platform edge.
It has already been established that rated flow of the Sprinklers Pumps which also
feed the Spray Nozzles (through a motorized valve) = 2839 lpm.
To utilize full capacity of Sprinklers Pump the target Discharge from the farthest
spray nozzle = 2839 = 39.43lpm
72
For uniform distribution of flow from theses Medium Velocity Spray Nozzle,
Nozzles of minimum orifice dia (6.0 mm) having K factor of 26 are selected.
Thus pressure required at the base of the farthest spray nozzle
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nos
4.26
110.76
Tee 2 Nos. 9.14 18.28
Total developed straight length between pump room and Motorized Butterfly
valve = 120 m
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From Hazon Williams chart it can be found that frictional head loss in 150NB (I.D.
154.4mm) while conveying a flow of 2839 lpm is 3.57 m per 100m,
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4.6.10 Calculation for Head Loss in Nozzle Spray pipe under platform.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Minimum Head required in MWC at the farthest Spray nozzle (point -13) = 23
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Multi- Inert
Room Hydrants/ Sensor Gas
Sprinkler Portable Fire
/Area Description Hose Reels Smoke Floodin
s Extinguishers
Reference Detector g
No. s
Public Areas
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Telecom Equipment
U23 Room Yes Yes
U24 S & T Room Yes Yes
Auxillary Sub Station
U25N Room Yes Yes Yes
Auxillary Sub Station
U25S Room Yes Yes Yes
Station UPS/ Battery
U26N Room Yes Yes *
Station UPS/ Battery
U26S Room Yes Yes *
U27 Inert Gas Room Yes Yes *
U28 CDMA Room Yes Yes *
U29 GSM Room Yes Yes *
U31N Sewage Ejector Room Yes Yes *
U31S Sewage Ejector Room Yes Yes *
U32N Sump Pump Room Yes Yes *
U32S Sump Pump Room Yes Yes *
U43 Fire Water Pump Room Yes Yes *
U45 Diesel Generator Room Yes Yes Yes
U48 Chiller & VAC Room Yes Yes Yes
U50 TR & HT Panel Room Yes Yes
Emergency Equipment
U51 Room Yes Yes *
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