Capitol Medical Center Colleges, Inc.

#4 Sto. Domingo Ave. Quezon City

College of Nursing
RLE on Leadership and Management
(Head Nursing)

WARD CLASS

TOPIC: Facts on Myocardial Infarction: A Heart Breaker

Objectives:

General
To provide information on what they can do as nurses and as an individual when experiencing
the clinical manifestations of Myocardial Infarction and to be knowledgeable about the risk
factors.

Specific
To discuss the clinical manifestations of Myocardial Infarction
To discuss what the risk factors are
To discuss ways on how to prevent Myocardial Infarction

Emcee: Analyn Florin & Pamela Ann Fernandez

Committee:
Physical Set up: Nina Bianca Federiso, Angelique Francisco & Cynthia Madalein Faller
Invitation & Video Presentation Editor: Julie Anne Flojo
Content: Pamela Ann Fernandez
Certificate: Favila, Cesar Ryan

Members:
Espenilla, Tappy Boy
Espinola, Neil
Feudo, Ronald Joseph
Florin, Analyn
Foronda, Anthony Jay
Leus, Athina
 CAPITOL MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGES, INC.
College of Nursing

RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
(HEAD NURSING)

WARD CLASS WITH BUDGET PROPOSAL

Our ward class took place last December 22, 2010 at Capitol Medical Center
Colleges, Quezon Ave. The topic was all about Myocardial Infarction. We conducted our ward
class in a form of video and power point presentation.

Our budget proposal for the said Ward Class is as follows:

Certificate P 30.00
Invitation P100.00
Physical Arrangement P100.00
P 230.00

Prepared by: Julie Anne C. Flojo Noted by: Lenie R. Agpalasin RN, MAN
Clinical Instructor
 Specific Learning Content Time Allotment Resources Evaluation
Objectives
 To discuss the Myocardial  30- 1 hour  We will be
clinical infarction (MI) or using
manifestations acute myocardial Powerpoint
of Myocardial infarction (AMI), Presentation
Infarction commonly known for the
as a heart attack, is purpose of a
 To discuss what the interruption of brief
the risk factors blood supply to a summary of
are part of the heart, our topic as
causing heart cells well as a
 To discuss to die. This is most video
ways on how to commonly due to presentation.
prevent occlusion
Myocardial (blockage) of a
Infarction coronary artery
following the
rupture of a
vulnerable
atherosclerotic
plaque, which is an
unstable collection
of lipids (fatty acids)
and white blood
cells (especially
macrophages) in
the wall of an
artery. The resulting
ischemia (restriction
in blood supply) and
oxygen shortage, if
left untreated for a
sufficient period of
time, can cause
damage or death
(infarction) of heart
muscle tissue
(myocardium).
 I. Definition

• Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI),

commonly known as a heart attack, is the interruption of blood
supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die. This is most
commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery following
the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is an unstable
collection of lipids (fatty acids) and white blood cells (especially
macrophages) in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia
(restriction in blood supply) and oxygen shortage, if left untreated for a
sufficient period of time, can cause damage or death (infarction) of
heart muscle tissue (myocardium).
II. Risk Factors

• Diabetes (with or without insulin resistance) - the single most

important risk factor for ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
• Tobacco smoking
• Hypercholesterolemia (more accurately hyperlipoproteinemia,
especially high low density lipoprotein and low high density lipoprotein)
• High blood pressure
• Family history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
• Obesity (defined by a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m², or
alternatively by waist circumference or waist-hip ratio).
• Age: Men acquire an independent risk factor at age 45, Women acquire
an independent risk factor at age 55; in addition individuals acquire
another independent risk factor if they have a first-degree male
relative (brother, father) who suffered a coronary vascular event at or
before age 55. Another independent risk factor is acquired if one has a
first-degree female relative (mother, sister) who suffered a coronary
vascular event at age 65 or younger.
• Hyperhomocysteinemia (high homocysteine, a toxic blood amino acid
that is elevated when intakes of vitamins B2, B6, B12 and folic acid are
insufficient)
• Stress (occupations with high stress index are known to have
susceptibility for atherosclerosis)
• Alcohol Studies show that prolonged exposure to high quantities of
alcohol can increase the risk of heart attack
• Males are more at risk than females.
III. Signs & Symptoms

• Chest Pain

• Shortness of Breathe

• Nausea & Vomiting

• Palpitations, Sweatings

• Anxiety
IV. Prevention & Management

• Morphine Sulfate, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin

• Decreases with strict blood pressure management and lifestyle changes.

• Chiefly smoking cessation.
• Regular exercise.
• A sensible diet for patients with heart disease.
• Limitation of alcohol intake.
• Antiplatelet drug therapy such as aspirin and/or clopidogrel should be continued to reduce
the risk of plaque rupture and recurrent myocardial infarction. Aspirin is first-line, owing to its
low cost and comparable efficacy, with clopidogrel reserved for patients intolerant of aspirin.
The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin may further reduce risk of cardiovascular events,
however the risk of hemorrhage is increased.
• Beta blocker therapy such as metoprolol or carvedilol should be commenced. These have
been particularly beneficial in high-risk patients such as those with left ventricular
dysfunction and/or continuing cardiac ischaemia β-Blockers decrease mortality and
morbidity. They also improve symptoms of cardiac ischemia in NSTEMI.
• Omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish, have been shown to reduce mortality post-MI.
While the mechanism by which these fatty acids decrease mortality is unknown, it has been
postulated that the survival benefit is due to electrical stabilization and the prevention of
ventricular fibrillation.However, further studies in a high-risk subset have not shown a clear-
cut decrease in potentially fatal arrhythmias due to omega-3 fatty acids.
 CAPITOL MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGES
College of Nursing
#4 Sto. Domingo Avenue., Quezon City

RELATED LEARNING EXPERIENCE

Leadership and Management
(Head Nursing)
Name: _______________________ Yr.level/group: __________

Rate our ward class using a 5 point scale as follows:

1 Poor

2 Needs Improvement

3 Satisfactory

4 Very Satisfactory

5 Outstanding

CRITERIA RATING

INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

Influence of the topic

Mastery

Voice control

Eye contact

Gestures

Confidence

Enthusiasm

Humour

CONTENT

Beginning or opening (provides a good introduction)

Conveys the message about MI

Able to relate our everyday life

Able to provide facts about MI

Teaches ways on how to manage MI

Provides strong points or statements

PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT

Sound system

Props/visual aids

Set design

Invitation/Program/Certificates