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电除尘器使用说明书

Electrostatic Precipitators Operator’s Manual

(共享版)

工程服务处制作
电除尘器使作说明书 (共享版) 工程服务处制作

目 录
CONTENT
1. 范围 Subject and Coverage................................................................................................................... 3
2. 规范性引用文件 Quoted standards....................................................................................................... 3
3. 概述 General............................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 型号说明 Description of model numbers:...................................................................................... 4
3.2 常规电除尘器使用条件 Application conditions of conventional ESP...................................... 5
4. 工作原理: Principle of electrostatic precipitator................................................................... 5
5. 设备简介 Briefing of the equipment................................................................................................. 6
5.1 电气部分 Electrical portion............................................................................................................... 7
5.2 机械部分 Mechanical portion............................................................................................................... 8
6. 设备的安装和检查与调整 Installation, Check and Adjustment of Equipment....................... 12
6.1 安装要求 Erection requirements...................................................................................................... 12
6.2 设备的检查调整 Check and Adjustment of Equipment................................................................... 12
7. 设备的安全规程 Safety Regulations of equipment....................................................................... 16
7.1 人身安全 Personal safety.................................................................................................................. 16
7.2 设备的安全检查 Safety checks of Equipment................................................................................. 17
7.3 检修整流变压器的安全注意事项 Safety Measures during T/R Maintenance............................ 17
7.4 进入电除尘器内部检修的安全规程 Safety Measures for Maintenance inside ESP.................. 18
8. 设备的试运转 Trial Run of Equipment............................................................................................. 19
8.1 设备试转的目的Purpose of trial run for the equipment............................................................. 19
8.2 设备试运转的步骤 procedures of trial run for the equipment............................................... 19
9. 设备的操作规程 Operation Regulations of the Equipment....................................................... 22
9.1 对操作人员的要求 To the operation personnel's request........................................................ 22
9.2 投运前的准备工作 Preparation work before start-up.................................................................. 22
9.3 投运步骤 Start-up procedures of ESP............................................................................................. 22
9.4 运行过程 Operation process.............................................................................................................. 23
9.5 停车步骤 Shutdown procedures of ESP............................................................................................ 24
9.6 电控设备操作 electric equipments operation................................................................................ 25
10. 设备的维修保养及故障处理 Maintenance and troubleshooting of Equipment....................... 25
10.1 常规检查保养 Routine checks and maintenance........................................................................... 26
10.2 警告 Warning.......................................................................................................................................... 27
10.3 常见故障分析 ordinary failure analysis.................................................................................... 29
10.4 综合性故障分析与处理 Analysis of comprehensive defaults and their solutions. ........ 30
10.5 电气方面常见故障及处理The hackneyed breakdown and processing of the electricity .... 38
10.6 螺旋线和绝缘瓷套的更换 Replacement of spiral wires and support insulators. .............. 41
11. 专用工具 special tool........................................................................................................................... 44
12. 翻译说明 TRANSLATOR’S NOTE:........................................................................................................... 44

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1. 范围 Subject and Coverage
本说明书规定了电除尘器的使用条件、考核标准、设备调整、试运转、操作、维修
保养和故障分析处理的方法以及安全注意事项。
This instruction defines the operating conditions, verification criteria,
methods of adjustment, trial run, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting, and
safety points for attention concerning electrostatic precipitators (ESP)

本说明书适用于火电、冶金、造纸、建材和化工等行业用的干式、板式、卧式 SY 型
电除尘器的调试、操作、维修管理。GP 型、ZH 型等电除尘器也可参照采用。不适用于湿
式、立式电除尘器。
This standard is suitable for the commissioning, operation and maintenance
and management of dry and plate – type, horizontal SY-model ESPs in industries
of thermal power generation, metallurgy, paper-making, building materials and
chemicals etc. This standard can be used as reference code for GP-model and ZH-model
ESP, not for wet and vertical ESPs.

2. 规范性引用文件 Quoted standards


下列文件中的条款通过本说明书的引用而成为本说明书的条款。凡是注日期的引用
文件,其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本说明书,然而,
鼓励根据本说明书达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的
引用文件,其最新版本适用于本说明书。
The items of the following standards are part of this manual through quoted
standards. For all quoted ones with marked dates, its following revised lists
which exclude mistaken content or revised edition don’t apply to the manual,
however, related department which have agreed on the manual are encouraged to
research whether the latest edition is available. For all cited standards without
marked dates, its latest one is suitable for the standards.

FWJ/2006-10 电除尘器安装说明书
Erection Manual of Electrostatic Precipitator
JB6406-1992 电除尘器调试运行维修安全技术规范
Electrostatic Precipitator-technical specifications of
commissioning, Operation, and Maintenance
JB/T5910-1997 电除尘器
Technical Specification of Electrostatic Precipitator
GB/T13931-1992 电除尘器性能测试方法
Electrostatic Precipitator-Methods of Performance Test

3. 概述 General
电除尘器是一种高效节能的烟气净化设备,具有收尘效率高、处理烟气量大、使用
寿命长、维修费用低等优点,在当前国内外对环保要求越来越高的情况下,电除尘得到了
越来越广泛的应用。在使用电除尘器时必须按电除尘器 使用说明书的规定操作。本说明

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书未涉事项,应按电除尘器产品有关图纸和技术文件的规定处理。
ESP is a highly-efficient, energy-saving equipment for air cleaning with
high superiority such as high collection efficiency, large gas volume to be treated,
long service life, low-cost maintenance. At present, public demands on
environmental protection are more and more stringent, ESPs are more commonly used.
During the operation of an ESP, its operators’ manual must be strictly followed.
Any points without mentioned in the standards should be handled according to the
requirement of relevant drawings and technical documents.

3.1 型号说明 Description of model numbers:


我公司生产的电除尘器其主要型号及其意义说明如下:
The main model numbers with the designation of from our company as follows:
例:
2 SY 3 × 45 M– 2 × 88 – 145

电场有效高(dm)
Effective height of electric fields (dm)
小室有效宽度(dm)
Effective width per cell (dm)
单台并列小室数
Number of cells in parallel per ESP
同极间距 400mm(H 为 300mm)
Passage spacing code for 400mm (H is 300mm)
电场有效长度(dm)
Effective length per field (dm)
电场数
Number of fields per ESP
FLAKET 型钢结构
FLAKET- steel structure
一套设备并列台数
Number of ESPs in parallel per boiler

注:上述型号简写为:
Note: The above model number can be simplified as
2 F 197 - 3

电场数为 3 个
Number of fields per ESP
电场有效流通面积为 197m2
Effective cross-sectional area (197m2)
FLAKET 型钢结构
FLAKET-steel structure
一套设备并列台数为 2 台
Number of ESPs per boiler (2 sets)
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3.2 常规电除尘器使用条件 Application conditions of conventional ESP


其使用范围是: The range of ESP application as follows:

烟气处理量: ≤6 x 106m3/h
Gas volume to be treated: ≤6 x 106m3/h

烟气温度: ≤400℃(>250℃为高温型)
Flue gas temperature: ≤400℃(>250℃ is within high temperature model)

比电阻为: 1 x 105~ 1x 1014Ω.cm


Specific resistance: 1 x 105~ 1x 1014Ω.cm

同级间距: 250~600mm
Spacing of same electrode: 250~600mm

承受许用压力: -4.0x104~0Pa
(其中 -1.0 x104~0Pa为常规型;-4.0 x104~-1.0 x104Pa为高压型)

Pressure drop across ESP proper: -4.0x104~0Pa


(among of this: -1.0 x104~0Pa is as normal model; -4.0 x104~-1.0 x104Pa is as
high pressure model)

入口烟气含尘浓度:≤100g/Nm3(在标准状态下)
Dust concentration of inlet flue gas ≤100g/Nm3(under normal status)

电除尘器可以处理含有腐蚀性物质的烟气(防腐蚀型电除尘器)。
ESPs can be used to treat flue gas that contains corrosives material (called
anti-corrosive ESP).

本标准不适用于处理易燃、易爆的烟气(对易燃易爆烟气应进行特殊处理)。
ESP are not applicable for the treatment of inflammable and explosive gases
(For these should be done special treatment).

当设计的工况条件超过本标准适用范围时,其质量指标应在产品的技术文
件(如技术协议书)中具体规定。
When working conditions for designing is beyond application range of the
standard, its quality basis should be in conformity with those stipulated in
the technical agreements such as technical agreement document.

4. 工作原理: Principle of electrostatic precipitator


电除尘器除尘原理是含尘烟气通过高压静电场时,与电极间的正、负离子和电子发生
碰撞或在离子扩散运动中荷电,带上电子和离子的尘粒在电场力作用下向异性电极运动并
吸附在异性电极上,通过振打等方式使电极上的灰尘落入集灰器中。

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实践证明:静电场场强越高,电除尘器效果越好,且以负电晕捕集灰尘之效果最好,
所以,本设备设计为高压负电晕电极结构型式。运行简图如下:
The principle of dust collection in an ESP as follows:
When passing through the high voltage electrostatic fields, dust particles
will be charged by colliding with positive ions, negative ions and electrons among
electrodes or in the ion dispersion movement.
The particles with electrons and ions on them will move and accumulate on the
electrodes of opposite polarity under the influence of the electric field. By means
of rapping, the layer of dust particles on the electrodes will be dislodged into
the bottom hoppers.
Practice has shown that the higher the strength of electrostatic field, the
more effective as ESP will be and it is preferable to capture dust particle in
and ESP operation with negative corona, therefore, our ESPs are designed as the
structure of high voltage negative corona electrodes with flow chart as follows:

含尘烟气
Flue gas

正离子 粘附尘粒 带正电荷尘粒


Positive ion Adherenc Positive particle
高压静电场 气体介质电离
HV field GAS ionization 自由电子
Free electron 粘附尘粒
Adherenc
负离子
Negative ion

含尘烟气 带负电荷尘粒
Flue gas Negative particle

净气
Clean air

落灰 振打 趋向阴极 受电场力作用
Dislodgment Rapping To negative electrode Field influence
灰斗
Hopper
振打
落灰 趋向阳极 受电场力作用
Rapping
Dislodgment To positive electrode Field influence

净气
出灰 Clean air
Ash discharge

5. 设备简介 Briefing of the equipment

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电除尘器结构包括电气及机械两大部分,其主要构件及功能分述如下:
Structurally an ESP is divided into two portions, electrical portion and
mechanical portion. Its main components and functions are described respectively
as follows:

5.1 电气部分 Electrical portion


电除尘器电气部分由高压直流电源(包括其控制系统)和低压控制系统组成。
The electrical portion comprises high voltage DC power supply including to
their control system and low voltage control system.

5.1.1 高压电源目前常规配用型号为 GGAJ02 型,其型号意义为:


Conventionally we use Model GGAJ02 high voltage power supply. The designation
of the model as follows:

G G AJ 02

可控硅控制 Control with thyristor


油浸自冷 Oil immersed and self-cooling
硅整流 Silicon rectification
高压用 Use for high voltage

该套装置一般包括高压整流变压器﹑自动控制柜和电抗器,或高
阻抗整流变压器和自动控制柜。
Such a set of power supply usually consists of high voltage transformer
rectifier, auto-control cabinet and reactor or high impedance transformer
rectifier and auto-control cabinet.

该套装置能灵敏地随电场烟气条件的变化,自动调整电场电压;能根据电流反馈信号
调整电场火花频率,使其工作在最佳状态下,达到最佳收尘效果。
This power supply can automatically adjust the voltage applied to the electric
field according to the changes of gas conditions therein and can adjust the spark
ratio in the field at the optimum level according to feedback signals from current
so as to achieve the effects of dust collection in the best way.

该装置有比较完善的连锁保护系统。
This power supply is equipped with perfect interlocking protective system.

该装置可按用户需要加配计算机管理系统和上位机。
It is possible to set extra computer management system and upper level machine
in the power supply followed by customers’ request.

5.1.2 低压控制系统及其功能可包括:
Low voltage control system and its functions:
a. 阴、阳极振打程序控制;
Programmable control of rapping for both collecting and discharge
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electrodes;
b. 高压绝缘件的加热和加热温度控制;
Control of heating for high voltage insulators and heating temperature;
c. 料位检测及报警控制;
Control of indication and alarming for ash level;
d. 排灰及输灰控制;
Control of ash removal and transmission;
e. 门﹑孔﹑柜安全连锁控制;
Control of safety interlocking for doors, holes and cabinets;
f. 灰斗电加热功能;
Functions of electrical heating of hopper;
g. 进、出口烟气温度检测及显示;
Measurement and indication of inlet and outlet flue gas temperature;
h. 通过上位机设定低压系统的功能和参数;
Set up the functions and parameters of low voltage system through Remote
Supervisor Unit;
i. 综合信号显示和报警装置。
Indication of comprehensive signals and alarm;
注:根据需要选择设置上述功能。
Note: Above functions are set according to needs.

5.2 机械部分 Mechanical portion


机械部分从结构来分可划分为内件﹑外壳和附属部件。
This portion can be structurally divided into internals, casing and auxiliaries.

5.2.1 内件 Internals
5.2.1.1 阳极系统 Collecting system
阳极系统由阳极悬挂装置﹑阳极板和撞击杆等零部件组成。阳极板为收尘极,它是由
δ1.2~δ1.5 的薄板在专用轧机上成型的,我公司目前主要有 480C 型和 735C 型两种板型。
由若干块阳极板组成的阳极排平面应具有较好的刚性,保证其平面度在规定范围内,以保
证阴、阳极间距的极限偏差。
The collecting system consists of suspension devices, collecting plates and
shock bars etc. Colleting plates are shaped with steel coil 1.2 to 1.5mm-thickness
plate on the special rolling machine. Currently, our company can provide two kinds
of colleting plates ----480C type and 735C type.
The curtain of collecting plates linked together must have better rigidity
and its plan flatness should be kept within the specified limits so as to ensure
the limited deviation of distance between collecting plates and discharge
electrodes.

5.2.1.2 阴极系统 Discharge system


阴极系统由阴极吊挂、上横梁、竖梁、上、中、下部框架、阴极线等零部件组成。
阴极线为放电极,它是由专用设备制成的,我公司主要有管型芒刺线系列和螺旋线两
种线型,是电除尘器的关键零部件之一。阴极吊挂是把整个阴极系统吊挂在顶部大梁
上并引入高压负极。由竖梁、上横梁、角钢等组成的平面结构的功用是固定上、中、

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下部框架和阴极振打轴系。上、中、下部框架是阴极线的支持体。
The discharge system consists of suspension devices and top horizontal
beam, vertical beam, upper, middle and lower frames, discharge electrodes.
The discharge electrodes-emitting electrode are manufactured with special
equipment. Two types can be offered by our company i.e series of tubular barbed
wire and spiral wire which are key parts of ESP.
Suspension for discharge system are used to support the discharge system
from the top girder and collected with negative polarity of high voltage. The
function of plane structure which is composed of vertical beam, top horizontal
beam and angle bar, etc is to fix the upper, middle and lower frames and
discharge rapping shafts. The supper, middle and lower frames are the holders
of discharge electrode..

5.2.1.3 阳极振打 Collecting rapping system


阳极振打由阳打传动装置、振打轴系和尘中轴承等零部件组成(侧部传动)。
Collecting rapping system consists of drive, shafting, plain bearing etc.
Normally it is driven from the ESP side.

5.2.1.4 阴极振打 Discharge rapping system


阴极振打由阴打传动装置、竖轴、大小针轮、振打轴系和尘中轴承等零部件(顶部传
动)或阴打传动装置、振打轴系和尘中轴承等零部件(侧部传动)组成。
Discharge rapping system consists of drive, vertical shafting, big and small
pin wheels, rapping shafts, rapper bearing etc. (for top-driven design)or of are
drive device, rapping shaft, rapper bearing etc.(for side driven design).
振打装置是电除尘器的一个重要装置,通过振打使积附在极板、极线上的灰尘振落
下来落入灰斗。
Rapping devices are of great importance to ESPs. By rapping, dust accumulated
on both collecting plates and discharge electrodes are dislodged and fallen into
hoppers.
阴、阳极振打均采用侧面摇臂锤旋转振打。
Both collecting and discharge rapping systems use rotary hammers to carry out
side rapping.
由于阴极振打尘中轴承固定在带有负高压的阴极系统构件上,所以阴极振
打轴端串连有一支用来绝缘的电瓷转轴,以便隔离高压电。
Since the rapper bearings are attached to the elements of discharge system
at negative high voltage. A porcelain shaft insulator is inserted to isolate the
high voltage between two runs of the same emitting rapping shaft.

5.2.2 外壳 casing
5.2.2.1 进口封头 inlet nozzle (inlet funnel)
进口封头是进口烟道和电场外壳之间的连接过渡段。进口封头内部装有二
至三道气流分布板,其目的是使烟道中来的含尘烟气经过时气流尽可能均匀进
入全电场。
Inlet nozzle is the transition between inlet duct and casing of the field.
There are two or three layers of gas flow distribution plates inside the inlet

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hood to make the passing dust laden gases from duct enter the whole field as even
as possible.

因为喇叭接口有一个气流降速过程,所以一些较大尘粒的灰尘易自然沉降而积附在封
头和分布板上。因而在一些灰尘粘性较大的电除尘器中设置了气流分布板振打(结构类似
阳极振打)。
The gas flow will speed down when passing through the nozzle, some larger dust
particles will accumulated by natural sedimentation on the nozzle and gas
distribution screens, thus some ESPs treating flue gas with clogging dust particle,
distribution screens for rapping are laid, which its structurally similar to
collecting rapper

5.2.2.2 出口封头 Outlet nozzle (outlet funnel)


出口封头是使净化后的烟气接入排气烟道的装置。它的结构形状同样对气流分布有
关。一般情况下,在出口封头内部靠近与壳体相接的截面上间隔装有槽形出口气流分布板。
The outlet nozzle makes clean flue gas go into the exhaust flue duct, which
its structure and shape have relevance to gas flow distribution, under normal
conditions, a row of outlet gas distribution plate (channeled plates with no holes)
is installed at the interface between the outlet nozzle and the casing.

5.2.2.3 屋顶 Roofs
内顶盖和外顶盖组成了屋顶。其中的顶横梁是一个重要零部件,它担负阳极、阴极的
支撑悬挂,载荷较大。因为高压电(不管高压电源是装于顶部或地面)通过顶横梁引入阴极,
为保证瓷套的干燥以利绝缘,绝缘子室内部设有加热装置。加热装置有两种型式:电加热
或电加热附加热空气加热。
Roofs consist of inner roof and outer roof, of which the top girder is a key
element as it carries larger loads between collecting and discharge system. Since
higher voltage power from the power supply (either at the top or on the ground)
is fed in the discharge system through the top girder. To ensure good insulating
status of insulators, heating devices are installed inside the insulator
compartment to maintain its dryness, which two types can be adopted: electric
heating or electric heating plus hot air heating.

5.2.2.4 壳体 casing
壳体由立柱、侧封、端封、管撑等组成,是电除尘器钢壳受力支撑件,它与前后的进、
出口封头和上下的屋顶、灰斗组成一个密闭的容器, 侧封上装有人孔门。
Casing is made up of columns, side panels, end panels, pipe bracings, etc as
support components of steel casing of ESP and together with inlet and outlet nozzle
and upper and lower roof and hopper, form a sealed container. There are access
doors on the side panels.

5.2.2.5 底梁和灰斗 Hopper Ridge Beam (bottom beam) and hopper


底梁把壳体部件和灰斗连接成一体。灰斗是收集振落灰尘的容器。为了防止烟气流经
灰斗旁路串气而降低除尘效率,灰斗内部装有挡风装置。灰斗角度需保证灰尘自卸。为防
止温度降至露点以下使灰斗结灰,一般在灰斗下部设置加热装置(个别全灰斗)。加热装置

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有两种型式:电加热或蒸汽加热。灰斗下口直接气力输灰装置或接抽板阀和排灰阀。
Hopper ridge beam is used to connect components of casing with hopper. Hopper
is a container which used to collect dislodged dust. Anti-sneaking baffles are
installed inside the hopper, which prevent flue gas from bypassing the hopper,
thereby leads to reduction of collecting efficiency. The hopper must have a correct
valley angle to ensure that ash can flow down by itself in the hoper. To avoid
condensation occurrence as a result of dust temperature dropping below dew point,
heating device is usually installed on the lower part of hopper (in some cases
all over the hopper). Alternatives of hopper heating are either electric heating
or steam heating. From the flange at the hopper bottom, pneumatic ash conveying
system or gate valve and discharge valve can be connected.

5.2.3 附属部件 Auxiliaries


5.2.3.1 走梯平台 ladders and platform
走梯平台是为了方便电除尘器的就地操作、日常维修保养之用,所有主要维修点皆可
通过走梯平台到达。
These are provided for easy access to different locations at various levels
so as to facilitate ground operation and daily maintenance.

5.2.3.2 支承 Support bearings


支承位置在电除尘器本体和支承(水泥柱或钢支架)之间。由于电除尘器是热体,支
座是冷体,因而支承除担负电除尘器重载外,还需有补偿热膨胀引起位移的功能。支承一
般采用平板型复合材料(摩擦片)滑动轴承,电除尘器中等以下规格的也有用平面滚珠支承
轴承的。
Support bearings located between ESP proper and support elements (concrete
pillars or steel columns). Its function is not to support heavy loading from ESP,
but compensate displacement caused by thermal expansion since ESP is a hot body
in operation while its support elements are cold. Support bearings are usually
taken the form of plate type of compound material (friction pad ) as slide bearings.
Plane ball bearings are sometimes used in ESPs of medium size or smaller.

5.2.3.3 保温结构 Thermal insulation.


为保证电除尘器的正常运行,防止烟气温度因散热而降止露点以下,必须对电除尘器
外壳进行保温。保温的基本原则是减少热交换,保温的基本要求是保证烟气介质的最低温
度必须在露点以上 20℃~30℃。保温结构设计确定了保温材料的种类、主保温层的厚度、
外壳保护板的型式以及它们的用量。
To guarantee an ESP in normal operation and prevent flue gas temperature from
dropping below dew point due to thermal dispersion, thermal insulation should be
laid over the ESP casing. The function of the thermal insulation is to reduce heat
exchanging. By applying thermal insulation, the minimal gas temperature must be
guarantee as high as 20℃ to 30℃ above dew point. The structural design of ESP
thermal insulation should specify the kind of insulating material, thickness of
main lagging and respective quantities.

5.2.3.4 接地 Earthling

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电除尘器在高电压下运行,且采用负电晕制,即阳极与壳体等电位。为保
护高压设备和人身安全,必须对设备进行可靠接地。接地的基本要求如下:
The ESP is operating under high voltage and normally with negative corona which
means its casing and collecting system have the same potential. To protect high
voltage equipment and ensure person safety, the ESP must be earthed reliably with
requirements as follows:
a. 接地网应考虑全年均能达到 2 欧姆以下;
Resistance of the earthed grid can reach less than two ohms all the year
round.
b. 接地网的设置,力求使周围对地电压均匀。
The arrangement of the earthed grid should be such that the surroundings
have an even voltage to ground.

6. 设备的安装和检查与调整 Installation, Check and Adjustment of

Equipment

6.1 安装要求 Erection requirements


设备的安装应符合《电除尘器安装说明书》要求。
The installation of the equipment should meet the requirement of Erection
manual of Electrostatic precipitator.

6.2 设备的检查调整 Check and Adjustment of Equipment


设备在安装完毕投入生产以前,应对机械部分和电气部分分别进行适当的调整和检
查,使其能安全正常运行。
Respective check and adjustment of mechanical portion and electrical portion
should be properly made in order to guarantee ESP under safe and normal running
after the equipment is erected and prior to its being put into operation.

6.2.1 设备机械部分的检查调整 Check and Adjustment of Mechanical Portion

6.2.1.1 对电场内弯曲变形的极板、极线进行二次校正,使全部通道的异极距极限偏差在
下列范围: 阳极板高度 h≤7m 的电除尘器为±7mm,阳极板高度 h>7m 的电除尘器为±10mm。
Make second corrections to some deformed or bent collecting plates and
discharge electrodes in the electric fields to ensure that all the distances
between opposite electrodes are kept within the following deviations: for ESPs
with height of collecting plates H≤7m and the deviations is ±7mm and for H
>7m, ±10mm .

6.2.1.2 对电场内高低电位间距小于异极距处均必须予以处理。
Make adjustments in the electric fields wherever the distance between parts
at high and low potential is less than the distance between opposite electrodes.

6.2.1.3 电场内的螺栓是否按要求拧好并作止转焊接。

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Check all the bolts and nuts to see that they are tightened and welded firmly.

6.2.1.4 阴、阳极振打锤头与承击砧位置是否符合按规定程序批准的图样要求,轴、锤转
动是否灵活。
Check to see whether contact positions between the rapping hammers and anvils
are exactly as requited in the approved drawings and the shafts and hammers can
rotate freely.

6.2.1.5 清除电场内存有的异物。
Remove all foreign materials left inside the electric fields.

6.2.1.6 检查风门电机、振打减速电机、排灰电机转向是否正确,运转是否灵活,链
条松紧是否适当,各润滑部位是否已加油。其调试方法参见《电除尘器安装说明书》
附录 B 进行。
Check whether the motors for dampers, rapping, ash discharge, etc. have
the correct direction of revolving and turn freely and the chains are mounted
with proper tension and each of locations of lubrication have been oiled and
greased. For methods of commissioning, refer to appendix B of Erection Manual
of Electrostatic Precipitator.

6.2.1.7 检查各瓷套接触是否平稳,受力是否均匀,各瓷件是否干燥干净。
Check whether all support insulators are mounted steady under even distributed
loads and are kept dry & clean.

6.2.1.8 检查本体各部位及人孔门等处密封性是否良好,并作密封性试验,其方法参见《电
除尘器安装说明书》附录 B 进行。
Check to see that different parts o f the ESP casing and all inspection doors
are well sealed. Make gas-tightness tests followed by Appendix B of Erection Manual
of Electrostatic Precipitator.

6.2.1.9 振打制度一般是根据提高清灰效果,减少二次飞扬,提高除尘效率,延长振打元
件的使用寿命以及降低电气控制的复杂程度等原则来确定的。具体内容详见该工程电除尘
器的电气技术协议书。振打制度先试行一段时间后再根据观察到的实际情况不断调整直至
确定最佳振打制度。
The rapping system is designed on the principle of improving dust cleaning
effects and reducing dust re-entrainment, enhancing dust collection efficiency,
lengthening service life of rapping elements and minimizing the degree of
complexity of electric control for rapping. For details, specify the ESP electric
technical technical agreement of the project. After a period of trial run, the
rapping system is to be constantly adjusted to its optimum mode according to
observed actual situation.

6.2.1.10 对于灰斗下部的排灰阀开、停制度详见电除尘器电气技术协议书。如出灰机构采
用气力输灰则无排灰阀装置,灰斗下口直接接仓泵,其卸灰由仓泵料位计控制仓泵上的进
料阀门来达到。

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For details of the ON-OFF of dust discharge valve on the lower hopper specify
the ESP electric technical agreement. Pneumatic ash conveying system is used, there
is no need for ash discharge valves, In such a case, the hopper outlet is directly
connected with the ash transmitter and the discharge of ash is controlled by the
level detector of the inlet valve on the transmitter.

6.2.1.11 气流分布装置因我公司在厂内已做过气流分布模拟试验,气流分布装置是按试验
结果要求设计制造的,故规定现场不再做气流分布装置调整试验。
Actual gas distribution devices are designed and manufactured on the
acceptable results of gas distribution model tests with a scale model, which the
simulated tests are made by out company. So no adjustment tests for the gas
distribution devices are made on site.

6.2.2 设备电气部分的检查调整
Check and adjustment of Electric Portion

6.2.2.1 测量本体接地电阻,要求小于 2 欧姆。


Measure the ground resistance of the ESP proper with available value below
two ohms

6.2.2.2 正常天气下用 2500 伏兆欧表测定高压绝缘件的绝缘电阻应大于 500 兆欧。


Measure insulation resistance of high voltage net work by using a 2500V
megameter under normal weather and make sure it is larger than 500 mega-ohms.

6.2.2.3 电除尘器外壳及高压整流变压器正极电缆联线应完好并紧固。
The cable between the ESP casing and the positive terminal in the HV T/R should
be kept as a whole part and fastened.

6.2.2.4 用 500 伏兆欧表检查振打电机、风门电机、卸灰电机及其电缆绝缘情况,其绝缘


电阻不低于 0.5 兆欧。
Use a 500Vmegameter to measure the insulation resistance of all motors and
their cables, of which its insulation resistance is not less than 0.5 mega-ohms.

6.2.2.5 高压隔离开关操纵机构应灵活、位置准确。
The operating mechanism in the high voltage isolating switch should have high
mobility and be placed in the exact position.

6.2.2.6 按规定程序批准的产品图样检查各部位接线是否正确。
Check to observe that all wiring in the different electric parts is correctly
laid as per approved product drawings.

6.2.2.7 根据烟气的导电性质和对除尘效率的要求,调整电场运行的火花频率次数。在高
压控制柜上设有电压上升率和电压下降率的控制电位器,可以调整火花率,设有一对寿命
较长的闪络熄弧指示灯,当电场内有一个火花时,电子闪光灯就亮一次,可用秒表计算火
花频率次数。也可先调整火花率在下列范围:入口电场为 30~60 次/分,中间电场类 20~50

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次/分,出口电场为 10~20 次/分。如使用后发现此值不妥可调整之,直到找出合适的火花
率。微机控制的可控硅整流变压装置有火花自动跟踪控制等多种功能,使电除尘器运行在
最佳状态,达到理想的除尘效率和最低的运行费用。
Adjust the spark frequency in the electric field according to electric
conductivity of flue gas and required collection efficiency. There is a control
potentiometer showing the rates of or voltage climb and drop on the high voltage
control cubicle, which its function is to adjust spark ratio through a pair of
indication lamps with longer life for flashover and quenching. When there is a
flash of spark in the electric field the electronic flash lamp will shine once,
so the spark frequency can be counted with a stopwatch or adjust spark rates within
the following range: 30 to 60 sparks/minutes for inlet field, 20 to 50 sparks/min.
for middle fields and 10 to 20 sparks/minute for outlet field. If the figures are
found to be improper after a period of operation, then adjust them until an optimum
one is reached. Microprocessor-controlled thyristor transformer rectifier has
multiple functions such as automatic tracing of sparks, hence it makes possible
that running for ESP is under optimum status with perfect collection efficiency
and lowest operation cost.

6.2.2.8 绝缘瓷件加热恒温整定值一般在烟气露点以上 15℃~25℃ 左右,要求低于下限温


度时指令管状电加热器通电,高于上限温度时断电,电控部分应按此要求进行调整。因瓷
套盖结构设计成使少量热空气吸入瓷套内,可减少瓷套污染,因瓷套盖带高电压,所以温
度测点离热源较远,并离冷风吸入处较近,因此实际显示温度较低,不影响瓷套绝缘。
The set value of the thermostat for insulator heating is normally around 15
℃ to 25℃ above dew point of flue gas. It is required that when the temperature
falls below the inferior limit, the electrical heaters are energized. And when
the temperature exceeds the superior limit, it is de-energized. The electric
controls should be adjusted by the above requirement. Since cover of support
insulator is structurally designed that small amount of thermal air is led in the
support insulators so as to reduce the ones being contaminated. And for cover of
support insulators with high voltage, measuring points of temperature air either
quite farther from thermal supply and rather nearer from the cold wind section.
Consequently, the actual temperature is much lower without any effects on its
insulating.

6.2.2.9 按所确定的振打制度、卸灰制度,调整好电气控制线路。
Electric control circuits are to be adjusted properly according to specified
rapping and ash discharge system.

6.2.2.10 关于电除尘器低压控制回路、高压控制回路调试、空载通电升压试验、冷态无烟
电场负荷调试和热态负荷整机调试等的具体方法参见《电除尘器安装说明书》附录 B 或电
气设备制造厂的《使用说明书》进行。
For various items in electric commissioning refer to Appendix B of Erection
Manual of Electrostatic Precipitator or instruction manual offered by electric
manufacturer

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7. 设备的安全规程 Safety Regulations of equipment
电除尘器操作人员及临时上电除尘器工作的人员,除了熟悉一般的安全常识外,还必
须严格遵守 JB6407《电除尘器调度、运行、维修安全技术规范》规定,并要有专人负责安
全工作。
ESP operators and those who work temporarily on an ESP must strictly abide
by standard JB6407 with general knowledge on safety as basic requirement. There
should be specialized personnel are to be in charge of safety.

7.1 人身安全 Personal safety

7.1.1 电除尘器是高压设备,人身安全要特别注意,在整流变压器附近高压引入部位绝缘
子室,设备投运时,人必须在安全距离之外。
ESP is an high voltage installation, so special attention must be paid to
personal safety. Whenever the insulator compartment and the inlet part of high
voltage T/R are in service. Any person must be away from a safe distance.

7.1.2 凡电场内腔均属高压危险区域,运行时绝对不允许人员进入,所有人孔门必须有安
全联锁。
The inside of any electric field is a dangerous area of high voltage and no
one is allowed to enter during the operation of the ESP. All inspection doors must
be interlocked for safety.

7.1.3 控制室各控制屏及布线架沟、人孔门、高压设备均应挂上“高压危险”标志牌,严
禁非操作人员乱动或接近。
Boards or signs bearing “Danger! High voltage!” must be hung on each of the
control cubicles in the control room, cable trays & trenches and inspection doors,
and all high voltage equipment. They are not be moved at random or approached by
non-operators.

7.1.4 电除尘器是金属高空运行设备,供人员上下的走梯、平台、栏杆必须牢固可靠,不
允许积水、积雪及禁止过道上堆积杂物和无需用的材料设备。
ESP is a metal operating equipment at high altitude. Ladder, platform and
handrails must be reliably firm and solid. No accumulation of water or snow is
existed thereon. All the walkways should be free of odds ands or needless objects.

7.1.5 凡在外壳高空检修或在电场内攀登于阴阳极部件、振打部件、分布板部件等高空构
件之上进行作业检查维修、测定时,施工人员必须戴上安全帽,系上带有缆绳或自动闭锁
装置的安全带。
When performing inspection, maintenance, measurement at high altitude, where
it is outside the ESP casing or at high-located parts inside the ESP such as
components/parts of collecting and discharge rapping distribution plate. The
personnel must wear safety helmets and tie safety belts with ropes or automatic
lock.

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7.1.6 电除尘器是属高温负压多尘的危险作业设备,故在运行期间不准用手或人体其他部
位接触高温部位,检查时必须停车打开人孔门通风冷却,使温度降至 40℃以下时方可进入
电场内作业。
ESP is an dangerous installation at high temperature, high negative pressure
and dusty, so no part of the human body is allowed to touch any hot part in its
operation. When the ESP is shut down for inspection/maintenance, the inspection
doors should be opened to cool down via ventilating and people can enter when the
internal temperature drop below 40℃.

7.1.7 电除尘器处于负压状态下工作,若当人孔门开着时,人接近人孔门有可能会被吸入
电场内造成损伤,甚至高压电击事故,所以人孔门必须安全联锁。
If any inspection door is left opened during the operation of ESP with negative
pressure status, anyone near the door is likely to be sucked in due to high negative
pressure as a result of body in juries and even electric shock accidents by high
voltage, therefore, the doors must be securely interlocked.

7.1.8 停机后,人员如要进入电场内,必须佩带安全帽和密封良好的保护工作服、靴子和
手套等。
Personnel enter the ESP must wear safety helmets, well-sealed protective
overalls, shoes and gloves etc after its shutdown.

7.1.9 施工完成后,应该及时清洗人体和保护工作服,以免所粘带烟尘感染人体。
To prevent human bodies from being infected by smoke and dust, wash the body
and protective overalls after the construction is finished.

7.1.10 施工人员进入电除尘器内腔时,如烟尘太多应戴上防毒面具。
Wear gas masks when construction staff enter inlet of the ESP where there is
too much dust and smoke.

7.2 设备的安全检查 Safety checks of Equipment


7.2.1 定期检查接地线和接头情况,导电性能是否良好,其他所有保护装置是否都完好无
损。
Make regular checks of the earthing cable and other connections to see if they
have good electric conductivity and other protective devices are in good order.

7.2.2 检查所有继电器箱和开关箱的锁是否保险,无关人员不可随便打开箱锁。
Make sure that all the locks on boxes for relays and switches are reliable,
so irrelevant personnel can not open them easily.

7.2.3 电除尘器内所使用的手用照明灯必须是安全电压灯具。
The portable lamps for use inside the ESP must be as lamps with safety voltage.

7.3 检修整流变压器的安全注意事项 Safety Measures during T/R Maintenance


7.3.1 确认整流变压器的电源已经切断,安全开关处于断开位置上,并且已用锁保险。
Make sure that the transformer-rectifier (T/R) has been cut off with its safety

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switch in exact “OFF” position and locked with a lock.

7.3.2 检查控制柜面板上所有开关,使其都处于关闭状态。
Check to see that all the switches on the control panel are in “OFF”
positions.

7.3.3 在控制柜面板前显眼处挂一块写有“正在检修变压器,禁止合闸”字样的标牌。
A sign showing ‘T/R Under Repair! Inhibit reclosing’ should be placed
in an eye-catching position in front of the control panel.

7.3.4 检查接地线端头的接地情况是否良好。
Check whether the earthing terminal is well earthed.

7.3.5 将整流器的高压部件用所提供的接地装置接地。
Earth high voltage parts of the T/R with the earthing devices provided.

7.3.6 按上述步骤检查完成后方可进行整流变压器检查。
Make sure the above procedures have been executed before T/R maintenance.

7.4 进入电除尘器内部检修的安全规程 Safety Measures for Maintenance inside ESP


7.4.1 在控制屏显眼的地方挂上一块写有“电场内有人工作,禁止合闸”字样的标牌。
A sign showing ‘PEOPLE inside ESP, Inhibit reclosing’ should be placed in
and conspicuous position in front of the control panel.

7.4.2 进入电除尘器电场内的检修人员至少要有两人,其中一人担任负责工作(监护),检
修人员必须熟悉电除尘器结构和各部件的作用,还必须充分了解烟气和灰尘的性质,可能
造成的危害以及有效的安全保护措施。
For maintenance inside the electric field of the ESP, at least two persons
are needed and one of them is in charge of monitoring. Maintainers of ESP must
be familiar with the design and structure of the ESP as well as the function of
its various parts/components. They should also know the properties of the flue
gas and the dust, their potential harms and the effective protective measures to
be taken.

7.4.3 电除尘器投运后停机,进入电除尘器内部,具体应遵守如下规程:
The shutdown of an ESP and Personnel to enter it should follow the regulations
listed below:
a. 严格按照 7.1 条的有关规定。
Strictly follow the relevant specifications stipulated in the items of 7.1;
b. 遵照 7.3 条 规定的有关步骤。
Carry out the related procedures stipulated in the items of 7.3;
c. 断开电除尘器所有振打电机及排灰阀电机的安全开关,并用锁保险。
Turn off the safety switches of all rapping motors and the motor for ash
discharge valve and secure them with locks;
d. 切断高压硅整流变压器边上的高压隔离开关并接地,同时把放电极系统接地,并用

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锁保险。
Turn off the HV isolating switch, secure it with a lock and earth the
discharge system with the earthing devices provided;
e. 将电除尘器的送、引风机开关拨在关闭位置,并用锁保险。
Turn the switches of ESP blower and I.D. fan to “OFF” position and secure
them with locks;
f. 关闭进出口烟道上的风门,关掉风门电动操作装置并加锁保险。
Shut off the dampers on ESP inlet and outlet ducts, turn off electric
actuators of damper and secure them with locks;
g. 打开所有人孔门(检修门),使电场通风,等温度降至 40℃以下时人员方能进入。
若要加速降温,可以打开出口烟道风门,开启引风机,这时人孔门必须锁定在开启
位置,以防突然关闭。
Open all the inspection (access) doors to ventilate the ESP internal. When
the temperature drop below 40℃, people can enter. To speed up the process
of cooling, the dampers in outlet duct can be opened and the I.D. fan can
be turned on. But in such a case, the access doors must be locked in the
“OPEN” positions to avoid sudden closing.
h. 进入人员应注意电场内部各部件冷却程度的不一,以免烫伤。
When maintainer enter the ESP, they should be aware of the risk of being
scalded because of different degrees in cooling for different
parts/components.
i. 进入电场后,应先检查一下有否危险隐患的灰尘堆积层,如有应先设法清除,以免
发生意外,并应查明积灰原因。
After entering the ESP, maintainers should first inspect to see if there
is dust accumulated somewhere with potential of danger. If there does exist,
clean it to avoid accidents. At the same time, the causes for dust
accumulation should be worked out.
j. 检修结束后,要清点带进电场的检修工具,以免遗留在电场内,影响电场功能。
When the maintenance is over, maintainers should check their tools at lest
some of them are left to impair ESP function.

8. 设备的试运转 Trial Run of Equipment


8.1 设备试转的目的 Purpose of trial run for the equipment
为保证设备运行的可靠性,设备在安装调整完毕后和正式投运前或设备长期不用后再
重新使用前,都必须进行投运前的试运转。
To ensure the ESP in reliable operation, before a new installation is put into
formal service after erection and commissioning or before an old one is to resume
operation after a long period of stoppage, a pre-operation trial run must be made.

8.2 设备试运转的步骤 procedures of trial run for the equipment


8.2.1 试运转需有一名有经验的工程师任总指挥,并按本条规定制定检查项目,有严格的
现场记录,指定专人登记。为防止启运期间因烟气中水份结露和未对各部件进行检查而造
成对设备的损坏,必须进行以下主要检查:
An experienced engineer should be appointed to be a general director of the

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trial run. And the items to be checked should be planned and strict records on
site should be kept and special personnel should be designated to register. To
avoid damages caused by condensation of moisture in flue gas or by not inspection
all the parts/components during operation, the following checks should be made:

a. 检查确认 6.2 条中所有检查调整项目都已落实解决合格;


Check to confirm all the items listed in 6.2 above have been carried out
with acceptable results;
b. 关紧各保温箱门并上锁;
All the doors of thermal insulated boxes are locked;
c. 锁上人孔门投入安全联锁;
All the inspection doors are closed and interlocked;
d. 检查进出口烟道风门开启情况,手动、电动是否灵活;
Check the open & close of flue duct dampers to ensure reliable operation
both manually and electrically;
e. 检查电气控制板上报警装置的功能是否正常,可揿压每块控制板上标有“试验”字
样的按钮来模拟报警;
Check the functions of alarm on the electric control panels by pressing the
‘TEST’ buttons thereon to simulate alarming;
f. 检查电源网络电压是否正确;
Check to see if the power net voltage is correct;
g. 确认所有的人都已离开电除尘器内部和其他高压危险区域。
Check to confirm that no one is inside the ESP or in other dangerous areas
with high voltage;

8.2.2 在确认设备已进行过试运转前的所有各项检查并正常后再进行下列操作:
After all the pre-operation items of inspection have been made with acceptable
results, perform the following operations:
a. 开通各绝缘子室电加热器;
Turn on the electric heaters in the each insulator compartment
b. 逐步轮流开动各振打、排灰电机,注视各环节情况,运行半小时;
Start up the motors for rapping and ash discharge and observe each parts
and keep them running for 30minutes;
c. 拆除高压部分的接地构件,将阴极和阳极之间开路。
Detach the earthing devices from the high voltage parts to have an open
circuit between the discharge and collecting system;
d. 合上各供电单元的高压隔离开关并锁定,使其处于工作位置。
Turn off the HV isolating switches on the power units and lock them in the
operation positions.

8.2.3 送电合上自动调压系统,观察空载通电电压上升情况。
Energization —Turn on the automatic voltage-adjusting system and observe the
rising for no-load voltage.

8.2.4 如需观察电场内电晕闪络情况应由负责人亲自在人孔门外组织,要特别注意安全。

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If it is need to observe the status of corona flashover in field. Appointed
in-charge should organize outside man hole. More safety attention should be taken
care.
8.2.5 记录初级次级电压电流值的变化。空载电流与当时空气湿度有关,所以空载试车要
注意设备容量和电压电流值。
Keep records of the changes of primary and secondary voltage and current. Since
the no-load current has something to do with the temperature and humidity of the
air. At the very time of trial run with no-loads, pay attention to the capacity
of the equipment and values of voltage and current

8.2.6 空载试车结束后分析情况消除试运转中出现的全部故障。
After the trial run with no-loads is over, analyze and eliminate all the
breakdown occurred under the trial run.

8.2.7 绘制各电场伏安特性曲线。将每上升一定电流的电压值标在坐标纸上,直到电
流额定值为止,然后把这些点连成一条曲线即为“伏安特性曲线”,可作为安装质量
的检查及今后每次检修后空载伏安特性的参考。
Plot the voltage-current characteristic curves for each electric field. Mark
the values of voltage corresponding to a certain degree of rising in current on
a sheet of coordinate paper until the current reaches its rated value. Connecting
these points together will form a piece of curve, which is called voltage-current
characteristic curve and can be used as reference for the check of erection quality
and comparison with later no-load curves of the same electric field.

8.2.8 当锅炉已经燃煤,电场内温度高于烟气露点后,可向电场送电投入高压,并观察电
压、电流的自控系统工作情况,此时比空载时电流有较大减少,电压也有下降,可根据情
况调整火花频率,并在实际运行中找出合适的火花率。
While coal fired in boiler and the inside field temperature is higher than
flue gas dew point, apply the high pressure to field and observe working status
of auto-controlling system of voltage, current. At this time, comparing with empty
load, the current shall be dropped as well as the voltage; adjusting the spark
frequency according to actual condition and find proper spark frequency during
operation process.

8.2.9 记录有负载时初级次级电压电流值。
Keep records of the on-load primary and secondary voltage and current.

8.2.10 用同样方法可以绘出负载时的伏安特性曲线并分析之。
Plot the on-load V-A curves and work out analysis to them by the same methods.

8.2.11 再次检查壳体、检查门等处的漏风情况。
Re-check the air leakage in the ESP casing and inspection door etc.

8.2.12 停车(停车步骤见 9.5 条)。

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Shut the ESP down (Procedures of shutdown refer to item 9.5).

8.2.13 检查绝缘瓷套内壁、电瓷转轴、气流分布板两侧等处是否有灰尘迅速积聚及损坏现
象。
Check the inner wall of the support insulator and the shaft insulator and two
sides of the gas distribution screen to see if there are phenomena of rapid dust
accumulation and damages.

8.2.14 消除在负载试运转中出现的全部故障。
Eliminate all the troubles occurred during the on-load trial run.

9. 设备的操作规程 Operation Regulations of the Equipment


9.1 对操作人员的要求 To the operation personnel's request
电除尘器应有专业人员进行操作管理,专业人员必须对本设备性能、操作要求、安全
和维护保养知识有较全面的了解,并熟悉本说明书。操作管理前应由企业对管理人员进行
考核,合格后方可参加操作。
The ESP should be operated and managed by professional people who have
comprehensive knowledge on performances of the equipment, requirements of
operation, safety and maintenance and are familiar with this manual. The owner
of the ESP must first have these qualified by means of examination and check before
they are to be operated and managed the ESP.

9.2 投运前的准备工作 Preparation work before start-up


投运前必须对设备再一次进行严格的检查,逐项做好检查纪录,并经现场运转总负责
人签字认可。
Before the start of ESP operation, make a final strict check of the equipment,
keep inspection records for each items and the records should be signed and approved
by the person in charge of field operation.

9.3 投运步骤 Start-up procedures of ESP


9.3.1 投运前的检查工作完毕,所有的安全措施得以落实,有关人员已就位。
Make sure that pre-operation inspection is over, all the safety measures are
taken and all the operators are in place.

9.3.2 各加热器至少在开始启动前 8 小时投运,以确保灰斗内和各绝缘件(绝缘瓷套、电


瓷转轴等)的干燥;防止因结露爬电而引起的任何损害。检查各加热器系统的电流是否正
常。
All the heaters have been turned on for at least 8 hours prior to start-up
of ESP, which ensure inside the all hoppers and various insulators (support
insulators, shaft insulators, etc) are dry and to avoid any damage caused by
electric creepage owing to condensation. Check all electric heaters to see if the
current is correct.

9.3.3 打开进出口烟道(进出口连通烟道除外)上各挡板风门。

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Open all the dampers in inlet and outlet flue ducts (but with the exception
of those in inlet and outlet interconnecting sections).
9.3.4 起动引风机。
Start up the I.D. fan.

9.3.5 向电场通烟气预热以消除电除尘器内部机件上的潮气,预热时间依电场内气体温度
湿度而定,一般以末电场出口端温度达到烟气露点以上即可。锅炉烧油时不应启用高压硅
整流电源。
Lead flue gas into the ESP to eliminate the moisture on various internals.
This period of warm-up depends on the temperature and humidity within each field
and is usually ended when the temperature at the outlet of the last field reaches
higher than gas dew point. At this time be sure to let go the moisture from within
the insulator compartments. When the temperature of gas at ESP outlet remains lower
than dew point, never put the high voltage T/R into operation. When the Boiler fire
with oil, never put the high voltage T/R into operation. (Expect the ESP for the
oil fired Boiler)

9.3.6 起动排灰系统。
Start up the ash discharge system.

9.3.7 起动所有振打机构。
Start up all the rapping devices.

9.3.8 开动所有振打系统的各种功能,使报警和安全联锁、温测温控装置、灰位检测和排
灰输灰处于可控制运行状态。
Turn on all the functions of the low voltage operating system. Set alarms,
safety interlocking, temperature detector and controller, ash level indicator,
ash discharger, etc. are all in a mode of auto-controlled operation.

9.3.9 当锅炉已投煤运行且电场内温度高于烟气露点后,电除尘器可投入运行,但必须在
零火花率状态下运行。
The ESP can’t put into operation until the boiler is in steady operation with
firing coal and the temperature inside ESP is higher than gas dew point. And it
should be operated with zero spark rate.

9.3.10 热风吹扫系统起动时:电加热先投 5 分钟左右,然后起动风机。停止时,先关闭风


机,再停止电加热。
While start up the hot air blowing system, first, keep above 5 minutes for
electrical heating, then start fans. While cease the blowing system, first,
discontinue the fans, then stop electrical heating.

9.4 运行过程 Operation process


9.4.1 控制室应有足够的人员值班。当班人员应经常观察设备运行情况,如发现异常情况,
均应找出原因,排除故障。除控制室值班外,每班至少有二次巡回检查变压器和各旋转部

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件工作情况,检查减速机的油检及时加足润滑油。
There should be sufficient staff on duty in the ESP control room. They should
make regular checks to the operation of the equipment. For occurrence of abnormal
phenomena, analyze the causes of breakdown and solve them. For each work shift,
at least two checkers should be made to the transformers and all rotary devices
to see if they function properly and check oil inspection of speed reducer and
adequately grease.

9.4.2 主要检查下列内容:Main items to be inspected are as follows:


a. 各加热系统工作电流是否正常。
Check to see whether the operating current of each heating system is correct.
b. 检查各指示灯及报警控制板的功能是否良好。
Check all the indicating lamps and alarms to see if they function properly;
c. 高压控制柜指示的一次侧电流 A,电压 V,二次侧电流 mA 和电压 KV 是否正常。
Check to see if the values of primary current A and primary voltage V and
secondary current mA and secondary voltage KV as indicated by the rectifiers
are correct.
d. 排灰系统出灰有否故障。
Check to see if the ash discharge system has any problem in discharging the
collected ash;
e. 经常检查振打轴是否转动,锤头锤击是否正常(外面可以听到)。
Regularly check to see if the rapping shafts turn normally and the hammers
hit properly (as can be heard from outside of ESP).

9.4.3 观察各电场火花率、振打制度、排灰程序,并在实际运行中逐步调到最佳状态,直
至有满意的除尘效率。
Observe and optimize the spark ratio, rapping sequence and ash discharge
program of each electric field until a satisfactory collection efficiency is
obtained.

9.4.4 每班必须对设备运行情况进行认真记录,尤其是对一次电压电流值、二次电压电流
值的记录要完整(一般可二小时记录一次)。
The staff on duty must keep records of the operation status of the equipment
with carefulness, especially values of the primary and secondary current and
voltage, which are to be recorded per two-hours.

9.5 停车步骤 Shutdown procedures of ESP


9.5.1 临时关闭 Temporary shutdown
a. 关闭所有风机,静待 3~5 分钟。
Switch off the I.D. fans and wait for three to five minutes;
b. 按电场顺序关掉各供电单元的高压电源,并将高压控制柜锁定。
Switch off, in the order of electric field, the high voltage power source
to each bus section and have the control cubicles locked;
c. 关闭进出口烟道中的所有风门。
Shut off all the dampers in both inlet and outlet flue ducts;

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d. 让振打系统和加热系统在暂停阶段继续运行。
Keep on running for heating systems during temporary shutdown;
e. 此时严禁人员时入电场内;
Any person isn’t allowed to enter into field of ESP.
f. 如确实需要人员进入电场检修则应使高压部件接地,阴阳极振打停转,并等电场内
降温后穿着防护服装,有照明方可进入。
While inspect inside field, the high pressure parts should be earthed and
the collecting &emitting rapping should be stopped, after the temperature
falling down, the inspection personnel can enter into field for inspection
& maintenance by wearing the exposure suit under the proper illumination
condition.

9.5.2 长期关闭 Long-term shutdown


a. 完成临时关闭所要求的 a~c 步骤。
Complete the procedures steps a, b and c in 9.5.1 above;
b. 切断各供电单元的高压隔离开关转至接地位置并锁定。
Turn off the high voltage isolating switches to each bus section and turn
it in the earthing position and have it locked;
c. 关掉所有加热器系统、温测温控系统,灰位控制系统。
Shutdown all systems of heating, temperature measuring controlling and ash
level controlling;
d. 振打系统和排灰系统在高压电源切断后再继续运行直至让所有烟灰从电除尘器中
清除干净为止。
Keep on operation the rapping and ash discharge systems after high voltage
power supply is cut off until all the smoke and dust are cleaned and removed
inside the ESP;

e. 切断总的电源开关(不包括照明线路)。
Turn off the main power switch, excluding lighting;

9.6 电控设备操作 electric equipments operation


高低压控制系统和上位机的操作见《电控设备使用说明书》。
For operation of the electric portion, refer to Electric Instructions of
electrical equipment.

10. 设备的维修保养及故障处理 Maintenance and troubleshooting of

Equipment
为了使电除尘器长期稳定地运行,达到预期的除尘效率,设专人负责对电除尘器的运
行和维护,负责人必须对电除尘器做到四懂三会。四懂即懂结构、懂原理、懂性能、懂作
用。三会即会操作、会维护保养、会排除故障。
To achieve the reliable operation of ESP in long term with required collection
efficiency, professional personnel should be appointed to be is charge of ESP
operation and maintenance. These people must know the design, principles,

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functions and performance of the ESP and are able to operate and to maintain and
to troubleshoot the ESP.

电除尘器每次停机都应进行一次检查,清理电场,校正变形大的极板、极线,擦洗绝
缘瓷件,测量绝缘电阻,排除运行中出现的故障。此外,每年中修一次,中修内容包括更
换损坏件等,每三年左右(或根据电厂大修周期)进行一次大修,对电场作全面清扫、调
整,更换影响性能或已经损坏的各零部件等,并定期更换润滑油。
During each shutdown of ESP, a general check should be made to clean its inside
and correct the deformed plates and electrodes and clean the insulators of dirt
and measure the earth resistance and eliminate all defects occurred during its
previous operation. Normally an ESP needs a minor overhaul once a year, of which
items includes the replacement of worn parts. The ESP need major overhaul every
third year (or followed by overhaul schedule of the boiler). Overall cleaning and
adjustment are done in electric field and replacement of some defective or worn
parts/components are made, moreover, lubricants are to be changed at regular
interval.

10.1 常规检查保养 Routine checks and maintenance


10.1.1 进入电场先检查积灰情况,再进行清扫。
After entering the ESP, first check if there any phenomena of dust accumulation
and clean these.

10.1.2 检查电场侧壁、检查门、顶盖上绝缘子室等部位是否有漏风结露灰尘板结腐蚀现象
或积灰现象,并实施消缺。
Check the side panels, access doors and insulator compartments at the top of
ESP to observe if there are phenomena or air leakage, condensation, corrosion or
dust accumulation, if there are, eliminate them.

10.1.3 检查各传动电机的温度、减速机内油面、振打轴轴承处有否卡住,锤头转运是否灵
活,有否脱落,击打接触位置是否正确,对减速机按产品要求施加润滑油。
Check the motor temperatures oil level in speed reducers, shaft bearings and
rapping hammers to see if they are in good order and if the hammers hit on the
correct locations. Lubricate the motors as per manufacturer’s manual.

10.1.4 有时烟气流速较低部位气流分布板有可能积灰、堵塞,检查并进行人工清扫。
Sometimes the gas distribution screens may have dust accumulations or
blockages somewhere due to low gas velocity thereon. Check and clean manually.

10.1.5 检查阴极框架以及极线的弯曲情况和积灰情况。
Check the discharge frames and discharge electrode to ensure that they are
not deformed and that there is no dust deposition.
10.1.6 检查阳极板及振打杆的弯曲情况和积灰情况。
Check the collecting plates and shock bars to ensure that they are not bent
and that there is no dust deposition.

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10.1.7 绝缘瓷套用来支承和绝缘放电系统。运行中,瓷套表面往往会沉积一层灰尘和污物,
这就容易导致表面高压电击穿,从而击裂绝缘子。所以瓷套应保持清洁,每次停机应抹擦
瓷套内腔和外壁,并用手电筒仔细检查是否有细小裂缝。为了吸入热空气减少瓷套内部污
染,瓷套盖板上二腰孔需留有 5 至 10mm 的孔。
Support insulator is used to support and insulate for discharge system.
Possible cracks result from high voltage breakdown due to accumulated dirt and
moisture, thus clean inner and outer wall of the insulator and search for tiny
crack by using a flashlight. In order to suck thermal air to reduce contamination
from internal support insulator, two slot holes (5mm to 10mm) of its cover plate
are left.

10.1.8 放电极振打的电瓷转轴也应检查有无粘灰并揩干净,有裂缝时必须更换。
Clean the shaft insulators in discharge rapping shafts and search for possible
flaws with a flashlight.

10.1.9 检查高压硅整流变压器(按制造厂说明书)、高压隔离开关、继电器、加热元件功
能、温测温控仪表、报警装置、接地装置是否正常,并消除故障。
With reference to the manufacturer’s manual, check the HV T/R sets to see
if the functions of the high voltage isolating switches, relays, heaters,
instruments for temperature measuring and controlling, alarms, earthing devices.
etc. are normal and eliminate the breakdown if there are any.

10.2 警告 Warning
10.2.1 严防电场内出现严重积灰
Take strict precautions against excessive accumulation of ash in field of
ESP.
电场中大量积灰通常是由于输灰系统故障,或出力不足,或是由于灰斗加热器损坏和
保温不良,导致落入灰斗中的灰尘粘接或“搭桥”,使粉尘不能及时排出,形成大量粉尘
在灰斗中堆积,等粉尘堆积到电极时,会产生电场短路,阳极振打系统损坏,阳极板吊挂
脱钩,甚至阴极框架变形等,从而导致电场失效并产生严重后果。另需高度关注的是电场
虽停止运行,而锅炉仍在运行,电除尘器内仍有大量的自然沉降灰。如果灰斗过量积灰没
有及时处理,会对电除尘器造成进一步的破坏,因此急需将灰排除,具体措施如下:
Heavy dust accumulations in electric fields are usually caused by failure
of dust discharge system or its insufficiency of conveying capacity. Maybe dust
adherence or ‘bridging’ in hoppers on account of hopper heaters with breakages
and poor thermal insulation, and it make the ash can’t discharge smoothly in time.
Huge amount of dust piled in hoppers, when it continuously accumulates and touch
electrode, it will inevitably result in short circuit in electric fields. The
rapping system of collecting system will be damaged. The collecting plate will
be moved out from its suspension frame. The emitting frame will be deformed. It
accordingly makes the electrical field malfunction and result in severe problem.
We should pay extra attention to this situation. At this period the field has been
stopped running, but the boiler is still working. Large numbers of dust hereby
still fall into hopper by gravity. If there is excessive deposit of dust in the
hopper and that is not discharged in time, it will result in a severe and

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nonreversible damage of ESP. So the exigent method for discharging the dust should
be made to prevent the ESP from being further damaged,the details as follows:

a.严防灰斗过量积灰:当灰斗高料位报警时必须检查输灰系统的实际运行情况,并采
取措施保证输灰顺畅,以降低灰位,从而解除高料位报警。
Avoid over deposit of dust in hopper. Check the actual operation condition
of conveyor system, when the high level detector alarms, and take measures
to make the dust conveying unhindered. It will reduce the level of dust and
conceal the alarm.

b.当任一灰斗积灰超过灰斗的上平面且使电场跳闸时,必须在极短时间内采取紧急排
灰措施,要在 3 小时内及时清灰,8 小时内使灰斗积灰低于灰斗大口以下,保证电
场能投入正常运行。
When dust deposit in any of hoppers is over its upper level and make the
switch break out, exigent measures must be taken to discharge the dust in
extremely short time. The dust discharging should be done in 3 hours and
the deposit level is lower than the upper opening of the hopper in 8 hours
to make the field working again.

c.如果 8 小时内还未能及时清灰,则必须进行强制措施排灰,例如:灰斗下口割口、
打开挖手孔等排灰方法。
If the dust discharging is not done in 8 hours, mandatory measures must be
taken, for example, cutting a hole near the outlet of hopper, open the hand
hole for discharging the dust, etc.

d.经过各种排灰努力,若 48 小时之内,灰斗内的积灰仍不能清到大口以下,电场还
在跳闸状态,则必须强制停机停炉,确保设备可靠安全,否则可能会产生严重的后
果。
If every great efforts has been made in 48 hours, and the dust in hopper
is still beyond the upper opening of hopper, and the switch is still out
of work, the generator and boiler have to be compulsively shut down to make
sure of safety and avoid worst results.

e.排灰时注意人身安全,特别是灰搭桥时,当受到其他外力作时,可能会突然下坠,
另外应防止发生烫伤及其它事故。
Pay extra attention to the safety when the dust be discharged from hopper,
especially the bridging dust, because it will drop suddenly if effected by
other outer force. Besides this other accidents such as scald should also
be avoided.

10.2.2 无安全措施,严禁人员进入电场。
No safety measure, No allowance for entering into electrical field

10.2.3 非专业人员不得进入电除尘器顶部。
Nobody is allowed to go to the ESP roof, otherwise the professional person

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of ESP

10.3 常见故障分析 ordinary failure analysis


10.3.1 阴极线断裂 fracture of emitting electrode
阴极线处于恶劣的工作环境中,如果极线断裂,就可能造成电极短路,从而迫使整
个电场关闭,失去除尘能力。
The emitting electrode work in vile environment, it is possible to cause
short circuit if it fractures, shut-down of whole field shall be occurred
accompanying with the inability of dedust.

某些电除尘器的阴极线采用不锈钢螺旋线。须注意螺旋线在如下情况下会变弱;
Some stainless spiral wire will be used as emitting electrode of ESP, but
spiral wire shall become weak under the following situation:

a.阴极线上有折点,有不必要的弯曲。
Break point or unrequired bend appeared on emitting electrode.

b.在安装过程中因拉伸过头,使张力达不到要求而电腐蚀折断。
Overstressing during erection, the tension can’t reach requirement so
as to make wire break off by galvanic corrosion.

c.阴极线上的划痕,极易引起阴极线的断裂,所以在安装、调换阴极线、使用工具
时应注意保护。
Nicks on emitting electrode can easily cause break off of electrode,
therefore, more attention should be paid for erection and changing of
electrodes and tools.

d.挂钩套管与阴极线不压紧,太松,会引起电火花腐蚀。
If sleeve of hook is not closely tie with emitting electrode or too loose,
it shall cause spark corrosion.

e.阴极线对氯化物很敏感,像食盐、氯化铵等物质会腐蚀阴极线。因此,在运输、
贮存时应注意避免与氯化物接触。
Emitting electrode is sensitive to chloride, the common salt and ammonium
chloride can corrupt emitting electrode. Therefore, avoid touching with
chloride during transporting and storage.

10.3.2 振打失灵 rapping failure


如果振打机构发生故障,就会使放电极和集尘极上大量积灰,导致运行电流下降,
火花增加,电晕封闭和电场短路。造成振打失灵的原因有可能是电气故障,也可能是机械
故障,需仔细检查、修复。
If rapping system failure occurred, it shall cause dust deposit on emitting
system and collecting system, result in current drop down, spark increasing, corona
blockage and short circuit of field. The causes of rapping failure may be electrical
failure or equipment failure which should be inspected and repaired carefully.

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10.3.3 绝缘子破裂 insulator break off


绝缘子包括支持瓷套、电瓷转轴、穿墙套管等,当锅炉启动时,燃油点火、油煤混
烧时间过长或电加热器损坏时,灰尘和湿气积聚在绝缘子表面后,表面绝缘电阻减少,在
高压情况下易产生表面爬电击穿,同时,也有可能绝缘子受热不均匀而破裂,此时就需调
换。
Insulator is composed by supporting insulator, shaft insulators, feedthru
insulator, etc. While start up boiler, if the period of ignition or firing of mill
&oil mixture is too long or electric heater is damaged, the dust and moisture will
be gathered on insulator surface result in the decrease of insulation resistance,
so that it will be penetrated under the high voltage effect. Moreover, the heating
may be uneven to the insulator surface, it is need to change.

10.3.4 灰斗堵灰、电场积灰形成短路。Hopper blockage & dust deposit result in short


circuit
电场中大量积灰通常是由于灰斗或输灰系统故障引起的。由于灰斗加热器损坏和保
温不良,使落入灰斗中灰尘粘结或“搭桥”,或是由于输灰系统失灵,使粉尘不能及时排
出,形成大量粉尘在灰斗中堆积,等灰斗达到电极时,形成了电场短路。
Heavy dust accumulations in electric fields are usually caused by failure
of dust discharge system or its insufficiency of conveying capacity. Maybe dust
adherence or ‘bridging’ in hoppers on account of hopper heaters with breakages
and poor thermal insulation, and it make the ash can’t discharge smoothly in time.
Huge amount of dust piled in hoppers, when it continuously accumulates and touch
electrode, it will inevitably result in short circuit in electric fields.

10.3.5 高压整流装置故障见电气配套厂说明书
HV rectifier facilities failure refers to attached instruction manual of
electrical equipment.

10.4 综 合 性 故 障 分 析 与 处 理 Analysis of comprehensive defaults and their


solutions.
序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施
No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
检查电场或绝缘子室,清除异
1.放电极高压部分可能被导
物。
电性异物接地。
二次工作电流大,二 Examine the field and
Possible earthing from HV
次电压升不高,且无 insulator compartment,
part by foreign electric
火花。 then remove the foreign
conductive material.
The secondary material.
1
working current is 2.高比电阻粉尘或烟气性质
large, secondary 改变电晕电压。
改变煤种或采用烟气调质。
voltage can’t rise The character of high
Change the type of coal or
up, and no flash. specific resistance of
adopt gas extender.
dust and flue gas change
the corona voltage.

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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies

3.控制柜内高压取样回路故
障,施电 管软击穿或表计卡
死。
检修高压回路,更换元器件。
HV sampling loop in control
Repair the HV loop and
二次工作电流大,二 cabinet has malfunction
change the broken
次电压升不高,且无 and discharge rube are
component.
火花。 under soft breakdown
The secondary condition, or the meter
1 gets stuck.
working current is
large, secondary
4.整流变内部高压取样电阻
voltage can’t rise
并联的放电管软击穿。
up, and no flash.
The discharge tube 更换元器件
comprised of paralleled HV Change the broken
sampling resistance in T/R component.
is under soft breakdown
condition.

1.放电极高压部分可能被导
电性异物接地。 清除异物
二 次 工 作 电 流 正 正 Possible earthing from HV Remove the foreign
常或偏大,二次电压 part by foreign electric material.
升不高,甚至接近于 conductive material.
零,或是电场出现严
重闪络而跳闸,高压
2.折断的阴极线与阳极板搭
开关合上后,重复性
通造成短路。
跳闸。
If cutted emitting 更换已断阴极线
The secondary
electrode touch with Replace the broken wires.
current is normal
collecting plate which
or a little bigger,
2 will cause short circuit.
the secondary
voltage can’t rise
3.高压回路已短路。 检修高压回路
up or remains lower
The high voltage loop is Check the high voltage
even nearly 0,
short-circuit. loop.
serious flashover
cause tripping,
while block HV 4.某处绝缘子严重积灰而击 清除积灰结露,更换已击穿绝
switch, tripping 穿。 缘子。
shall be occurred If dust logged seriously on The dust & dew should be
again. clean away and the
insulator which will be
penetrated insulator
penetrated.
should be dhanged.

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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies

电场跳闸后,要在 3 小时内及
时清灰,8 小时内使灰斗积灰
低于灰斗大口以下,保证电场
能投入正常运行。如果 8 小时
内还未能及时清灰,则必须进
行强制措施排灰,例如:灰斗
下口割口、打开挖手孔等排灰
方法。经过各种排灰努力,若
48 小时之内,灰斗内的积灰
二次工作电流正正
仍不能清到大口以下,电场还
常或偏大,二次电压
在跳闸状态,则必须强制停机
升不高,甚至接近于
停炉,确保设备可靠安全,否
零,或是电场出现严
5 灰斗内积灰大量增加至灰 则可能会产生严重的后果。
重闪络而跳闸,高压
斗上口以上,使极板、极线, After the field trips, it
开关合上后,重复性
埋在灰内,造成两极间绝缘性 should discharge the dust
跳闸。
能降低。 in 3 hours, and make the
The secondary
The depositing dust in dust be lower than the
current is normal
hopper increases greatly upper opening of hopper,
or a little bigger,
2 and even exceeds the upper keep the field can work
the secondary
opening of hopper and normally again. If the dust
voltage can’t rise
buries lower parts of the can not be cleaned in 8
up or remains lower
collecting plate and hours, forcible
even nearly 0,
emitting wire and make the measurements must be made
serious flashover
insulation character such as cut a hole on lower
cause tripping,
greatly decrease. part of the hopper, open
while block HV
the hand hole for clean the
switch, tripping
dust, etc. if every great
shall be occurred
effort has been made in 48
again.
hours, the dust is still
not lower than the upper
opening of hopper and the
field is still in trip
situation, the boiler and
generator have to be
compulsively shut down to
make sure the safety, and
to avoid worst results.

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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
1.绝缘子污染严重或由于绝
缘子加热元件失灵和保温不
良而使绝缘子表面结露,绝缘
性能下降,引起爬电。或电场
更换修复加热元件或保温设
内烟气温度低于实际露点温
施,擦干净绝缘子表面。烟温
度,导致绝缘子结露引起爬
低于实际露点温度,设备不能
电。
投入运行。
Insulator is seriously
Repair or replace the
contaminated or its
heating elements or
heating elements are out of
insulation equipment.
order and poorly
Clean the surface of the
insulated, resulting in
insulator. When flue gas
condensation on the
temperature is lower than
insulator surface, hence
its dew point, the
decreasing the surface
equipment can’t be put into
二次电流正常或偏 creepage or flue gas
operation.
大,电压升不高或电 temperature in field is
压升高就产生严重 lower than that of dew
闪络而跳闸。 point, this leads to the
The secondary same consequences as
current is normal above.
3
or a little bigger, 2.阴阳极上严重积灰,使两
the second voltage 极之间的实际距离变近。
can’t rise up or Heavy dust deposition on 清除积灰,检查调整异极距
the flashover will both collecting and Remove the accumulated
cause tripping of discharge systems, thereby dust, check and adjust it.
voltage rise up shortening their actual
distance.
3.极距安装偏差大。
The erection error of 检查调整异极距
voltage distance is too Check and adjust it.
big.
4.壳体焊接不良、人孔门密
封差,导致冷空气冲击、阴阳
极元件致使结露变形,异极距
补焊外壳漏洞,紧闭人孔门。
变小。
Make remedial welding in
Poor welding in casing or
the leakage of casing and
access doors are not sealed
shut the access doors
well, result in cold air
tight.
rushing in and to deform
the internals and to
decrease voltage distance.
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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
5.不均匀气流冲击加上振打
的冲击引起极板极线晃动,产
调整气流分布均匀性,检查
生低电压下严重闪络。
阴、阳极定位装置。
Uneven airflow and rapping
Adjust airflow
impulsion shall create
distributing uniformly,
shake of collecting plate
inspect collecting
and electrode line, the
&emitting positioning
serious flashover shall be
fixture.
happened under the LT
二次电流正常或偏 performance.
大,电压升不高或电 6.灰斗灰满,接近或碰到阴 疏通排、输灰系统,清理积灰,
压升高就产生严重 极部分,造成两极间绝缘性能 检查灰斗加热元件,不使灰斗
闪络而跳闸。 下降。 堵灰。
The secondary Full of dust in hoppers and Make the ash discharge and
current is normal dust approach or contact transmission systems work
3
or a little bigger, discharge system, properly, clean the dust
the second voltage resulting in reduction of blockage in hopper, check
can’t rise up or insulation property heating elements of
the flashover will between opposite hopper, and keep the dust
cause tripping of electrodes. never be clogged in hopper.
voltage rise up 7.高压整流装置输出电压较
低。 检修高压整流装置
Lower output voltage from Check HV T/R
T/R.
8.在回路中其它部分电压降
低较大(如接地不良)。
Larger voltage drop in 检修系统回路
other parts of the loop Check the system loop.
(such as with poor
earthing).
1.电极积灰,某个部位极距
二次电流不规则变
变小产生火花放电。
动 清除积灰
Dust deposits on
4 Irregular changes Remove the accumulated
electrodes and sparkover
of secondary dust
occurs where the voltage
current
distance is smaller.
二次电流周期性变 1.电晕线折断后,残余部分
动 晃动。
换去断线
5 Periodical changes The remaining part swings
Replace the broken wires.
of secondary after a string of discharge
current. electrode is broken

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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
改进工艺流程,降低烟气的粉
1.粉尘浓度过大出现电晕闭
尘含量。
塞。
Improve the technological
Excessive dust loading
process to reduce dust
cause corona blockage.
loading in flue gas.
2.阴阳极积灰严重。
加强振打,清除积灰使
Severe dust deposits on
Intensify rapping and
collecting and discharge
remove deposited dust.
systems;
有二次电压而无二 3.接地电阻过高,高压回路 使地电阻达到规定要求。
次电流或电流值反 不良。 Reduce the ground
常地小 Higher ground resistance resistance to the
6 There is secondary and poor high voltage loop. specified value.
voltage but no or 4.高压回路电流表测量回路
extremely little 断路。 修复断路
secondary current. Broken circuit in the Rectify the broken
measuring loop of ampere circuit.
meter in HV loop.
检修接触部位,使其接触良
5.高压输出与电场接触不良。
好。
Poor contact between HV
Check the connections and
outlet and electric field.
make them in full contact.
6.毫安表指针卡住。
修复毫安表。
Pointer of milli-ampere
Repair the meter.
meter gets stuck.
1.人孔漏风,湿空气进入,
锅炉泄漏水份,绝缘子脏。
针对性措施
Wet air leaks in through
Take corresponding
access door, damp gas from
corrective measures.
leaking boiler or dirty
insulators.
2.变压器内部二次侧接触不
良事整流桥二极管开路
火花过多 找出原因修理或更换
7 Poor contact of secondary
Excessive spark. Find out the reason then
side in T/R or the diode of
repair or change.
rectifier bridge is
open-circuit.
3.气流分布不均匀 更换气流分布析
Uneven gas distribution. Change the gas flow screen.
4.异极距变小 调整异极距
Passage distance becomes Adjust the passage
smaller. distance.
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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
5.灰斗法满灰,或电场内存
在积灰死角,落灰不畅。
The hopper is full of dust
清除积灰
or there is dead angle of
Clean the depositing dust.
火花过多 dust depositing in field,
7
Excessive spark that result in bad dust
discharging.
6.阻尼电阻断裂放电 更换阻尼电阻
The damping resistance Change the damping
breaks and discharges. resistance.
1.异极间距超差过大。
调整异极距
The error of voltage
Adjust it,
distance is too big.
2.气流分布不均匀,分布板
堵灰。 清除堵灰或更换分布板
Uneven gas distribution, Remove the dust or replace
gas screens blocked by the gas screens.
dust.
3.漏风率大工况改变,使烟
气流速增加,温度下降,从而
使尘粒荷电性能变弱。
Excessive air leakage 补焊堵塞漏风处
一、二次电流电压均
causes change in operation Make remedial welding
正常,除尘效率不高
condition: increase of gas where there is air leakage.
The primary and
velocity, decrease of
secondary current
temperature, weak charging
8 & voltage are all
possibility do dust
normal, but
particles, etc.
collection
4.尘粒比电阻过高,甚至产
efficiency is
生反电晕使驱极性下降,且沉
lower.
积在电极上的灰尘泄放电荷
很慢,粘附力很大使振打难以
脱落。
Much higher specific
resistance of dust 烟气调质,调整工作点
particle, back-corona may Condition the gas quality.
exist, slow charge
neutralization in dust
layers on electrodes and
rapping is unable to
dislodge them due to
significant adherence.
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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
5.控制参数设置不合理 调整参数
The control parameter is Repair or replace the power
not set in reason. supply.
6.进入电除尘器的烟气条件
根据修正曲线按实际工况考
不符合本设备原始设计条件,
核效率。
工况改变。
Collection efficiency
Conditions of gas entering
should be calculated by
一、二次电流电压均 the ESP do not accord with
using correction curves
正常,除尘效率不高 the original ones,
under the actual working
The primary and resulting in changes of
conditions.
secondary current operation conditions.
8 & voltage are all 检修振打,使其转动灵活或更
normal, but 换加大锤重
7.设备有机械方面的故障,
collection Repair as needed, if
如振打功能不好等。
efficiency is rapping is not sufficient,
Mechanical problem such as
lower. make it rotate freely or
abnormal rapper.
instead of heavier
hammers.
8.灰斗阻流板脱落,气流旁
路。 检查阻流板并作处理
Gas flow by-passes due to Check gas baffles and solve
fallen gas baffles in the problem.
hoppers.
停机清理,检查电场内部振打
锤、阴极线
1.有掉锤、掉极线故障。 Stop operation and
Dropping hammer & cleaning, inspect rapping
electrode failure. hammer and emitting
electrode in field.
排灰装置卡死或保
险跳闸 2.机内有杂物,焦块掉入排
Stuck ash 灰装置。
9
discharge device, Foreign substance in 清理杂物
or tripped safety discharge mechanism and Cleaning of sundries
device. blocks of coke fall into
ash discharge device.
3.若是拉链机则可能发生断
链故障。 停机修理
Broken chain, in case a Shut down the equipment to
drag chain conveyor is repair.
used.

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10.5 电 气 方 面 常 见 故 障 及 处 理 The hackneyed breakdown and processing of the
electricity
(详见电气产品制造厂说明书)
序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施
No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
1.可控硅击穿
The SCR is breakdown.
2.一次电源供电故障。
Primary power supply break
down.
3.可控硅触发线错位或插脚
短路
The touching off line of
SCR disturbs or pinouts is
short circuit.
4.整流变一次侧接地或短路,
控制失灵,报警跳闸 找出原因,修理或更换
或二次侧取样回路前短路或
Control is out of Find out the reason then
1 负高压接,或电流、电压取样
order, and the repair or change.
回路短路。
alarm trip.
The primary side of T/R is
earthed or short circuit,
the sampling loop of
secondary side of T/R or
the minus HV is earthed. Or
the sampling loop of
circuit and voltage is
short circuit.
5.控制系统自身故障
Control the system oneself
break down
1.可控硅击穿 更换零件
Breakdown of SCR. Replace the parts.
2.反馈量消失。取样电阻排
硅整流装置输出失 检查有关元件和回路
损坏
控 Check related elements and
2 Disappeared feedback and
T/R output is out loops.
sample resistance damaged.
of control.
3.参数设置错误
调整参数
The setting of parameter is
Adjust the parameter.
wrong
控制回路及主回路 检查人孔门及开关柜门是否
操作不起来 1.安全联锁未到位闭合 关闭到位
3 Control and main Safety interlocking is not Check the access doors and
loops do not in place. cubicle doors of for their
function. exact closure.
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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
2.高压隔离开关联锁未到位
检查高压隔离开关到位情况
Interlocking for HV
Check the HV disconnecting
isolating switch are not in
控制回路及主回路 for their exact closure.
the exact position;
操作不起来
3 Control and main 3.合闸线圈及回路断线 更换线圈,检查接线
loops do not Broken closing winding and Check the line and replace
function. loop; the winding
4.辅助开关接触不良
检修开关
Poor contact of auxiliary
Repair the switch.
switch
1.回路元件接触不良 检查各元件及回路接线
送电操作时,控制盘 Poor contact of loop Check the line and loop
面无灯光信号指示 elements elements
4 No indication from 2.灯泡损坏 更换灯泡
lamps on panel when Burnt bulbs Replace the bulbs.
energized. 3.熔断器熔断 更换熔断器
Burnt fuse. Replace the fuse.
修理、校验仪表
1.仪表内部有毛病
Check and calibrate the
Faults inside the meters
meters.
用于波器查输出脉宽及个数
Use an oscilloscope to
2.无触发输出脉冲
determine the amplitude
No outlet impulses
and number of outlet
impulses.
3.快速熔断器熔断 更换
调压时表盘仪表均 Broken quick-break fuse Replace.
无指示
No indication of 4.可控硅元件开路
5 更换
meters on panel Open circuit in thyristor
Replace.
during voltage elements
adjustment. 检查二次接线
5.交直流取样回路断线
Check the secondary wiring
Broken sampling loops for
and contact points of
AC & DC.
switches.
6.交流电压表测量切换开关
接触不良
检查开关触点
Poor contact of
Check the touch point of
change-over switch for
switch.
measurement in AC
voltmeter.
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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
闪络指示有信号,而 对屏蔽接地检查
1.外来干扰
控制屏其它仪表不 Check the shield earthing
Foreign interference.
相应连动 status.
There is signal on
flashover 2.闪络封锁信号转换环节及
6 加旁路措施,更换
indicator but no 元件损坏
新件
corresponding Signal transform in
Add a by-pass and replace
actions on other blocked by flashover and
elements.
meters of the failed elements.
panel.
1.闪络时第一次封锁脉冲宽
闪络一次后二次电
度过大 改变参数调整脉宽
压不再自动上升而
Excessive width of the Change the parameters to
报警
first blocking pulse upon adjust the pulse width.
Secondary voltage
the flashover.
7 won’t rise
2.电压上升率+△v/△t 给定
automatically upon
值过低
a flashover, but 增大给定电压
The given value of rate of
initiates an Enlarge the given level.
voltage rise +△v/△t is
alarm.
too low.
带负荷升压,电压指 1.电流取样回路开路 检查二次接线
示正常,电流指示为 Open circuit in current Check the secondary
零 sampling loop. wiring.
During on-load
8
voltage step-up, 2.电流表内部断线 测量电压值
there is normal Internal line breaks in the Measure the sampling
voltage but zero ammeter. voltage.
current.
升压时一次电压调
压正常,二次电压时 1.整流变二次线圈及硅堆开
吊芯检查整流变,并将故障排
有时无,并伴有放电 路及虚焊点

声。 Open circuit and false
Lift the T/R core for
During voltage soldering point in T/R
checks and eliminate the
step-up, primary secondary winding and
defaults.
voltage adjustment silicon stack.
9
is normal, but
secondary voltage
2.高压引线对壳体安全距离
exists and 检查并装好高压引线
不够。
disappears Check and relocate the HV
Insufficient safety
alternatively and inlet.
distance from HV inlet to
is accompanied by
ESP casing.
noise of discharge.
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序号 故障情况 故障原因 排除措施


No. Defaults Possible Causes Remedies
3.直流采样分压回路有开路
吊芯检查整流变并修复
现象。
9 Lift the T/R core for
Open circuit in DC sampling
checks and repair.
voltage dividing loop.
油压报警跳闸,整流
整流变二次线圈或整流硅堆
变排出臭氧味 吊芯检查整流变,损坏部位更
击穿短路
Ripping of alarm 换新品
10 Breakdown and short
for oil pressure; Lift the T/R core and
circuit of T/R secondary
odour of ozone from replace the damaged parts.
winding or silicon stack.
T/R
油位信号动作跳闸
报警 查明原因,排除故障,同时给
整流变油布低于油位低限线
Tripping and 整流变补充油至适当油位。
11 T/R oil level below the oil
alarming of Make troubleshooting and
lower limit.
signal, from oil add oil to suitable level.
level
操作时油压报警跳
打开排气阀排尽气体
闸 瓦斯继电器内有气体
12 Open the discharge valve to
Tripping of alarm Flue gas within gas relay.
get rid of the gas.
for oil pressure.

10.6 螺旋线和绝缘瓷套的更换 Replacement of spiral wires and support insulators.


10.6.1 放电极螺旋线的更换 Replacement of spiral discharge electrodes
放电极螺旋线是电除尘器的心脏部件,在一套电除尘器中有上万根螺旋线。它把电能
释放于烟气中,同时又长期处于一种恶劣的工作环境中,在高电压运行过程中可能发生电
场闪络和拉弧,每次闪络和拉弧,对螺旋线来说就是一次电火花腐蚀。同时,在振打时螺
旋线就像提琴弦一样不断振动,因此螺旋线在长期运行后也有疲劳而发生断裂的可能(断
线率极低)。如果有一根阴极线断裂就会落下造成短路,导致一个供电分区停运。
Discharge electrodes are the heart part of an ESP with tens of thousands of
spiral wires. They set off electric energy to the gas and function in an adverse
environment. Under high voltage conditions there would occur flashover and arc,
each of which is a kind of electro-corrosion to the discharge wires. For spiral
wires, when they are rapped, they will constantly vibrate like strings on a musical
instrument, therefore, after long-run service, the spiral wires may break due to
fatigue (but the rate of breakage is greatly low). If a spiral wire breaks, it
will lean against one of the adjacent collecting plates and short-circuit will
happen, resulting in the shutdown of the related bus section. In such a case, the
broken wires must be replaced.

调换螺旋线时,应注意第 10.2.1 条中的五点,同时应按如下步骤进行:


During the replacement of spiral wires, in addition to the five points of

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attention as described in 10.2.1 above, follow the steps below:

1). 将螺旋线的上端钩子挂入吊环中。
Put the upper end hook of the spiral wire into the hanger ring;

2). 用安装专用工具(极线挂钩)钩住螺旋线的另一端,慢慢往下拉,让它自由转动,
拉至约小于实际悬挂长度 200mm-300mm 停住,再用手把螺旋线下端钩子勾入框架上的吊环
中。并要注意以下三点:
Connect the other end hook of the spiral wire with special stretching tool
(lifting hook of discharge electrode) and pull down gently by holding the rope
on the tool. By doing so, be sure to make the spiral wire turn freely. When the
wire is stretched to a point of 200mm to 300mm away from the lower hanger ring,
manage to put the hook into the ring by hand. Special car should be taken to the
following:

a.如果螺旋线拉过实际悬挂长度,这根螺旋线只能作报废处理,绝不能用挤压方式使
其恢复原状而重新使用。
If a spiral wire stretched beyond its length as hung, it would be discarded.
It is never allowed to squeeze or compress an overstretched one to its
original state for reuse;

b.不能用于直接拉伸螺旋线,因这样做会使螺旋线积聚内应力而引起螺旋线断裂。
Do not pull the wire directly by hand, as this will cause uneven stretching
of the wire, resulting in easy breakage;

c.螺旋线应当挂在框架上、下两个相对应的吊环上。
The spiral wire must be hung between the two corresponding hanger rings of
a support frame.

10.6.2 绝缘瓷套破损后的更换方法(见下图):
Replacement of broken support insulator (refer to the following figure)

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电除尘器使作说明书 (共享版) 工程服务处制作

在绝缘子顶部水平放置 尺寸记录
一根梁作基准 A Record this dimension
Lay a horizontal beam on
the top of the insulation
compartment for basis 阴极吊杆
Emitting lift bar

支承垫圈
绝缘子室壁
Support washer
Wall of the insulation
compartment

C 尺寸记录
Record this dimension
瓷套
Support insulator

尺寸记录
B Record this dimension

用一根直尺测出吊杆至绝缘子室顶盖及内壁之间的距离 A、B、C、并记录下来(或
写在绝缘子室的壁上)。
Use a straight ruler to measure the distances (A.B.C) from the tie rod to
the top cover of compartment and the internal walls and have them recorded (or
written on walls of the insulator compartment);

10.6.2.1 拆卸 Dismounting
a.拆去绝缘子室的顶盖板;
Remove the top cover of the insulator compartment;

b.放入提升工具穿过衬套将它钩住阴极框架上部支撑梁支架;
Inset the lifting tool through the bushing and hook onto the upper support
beam of the discharge frame;

c.利用提升工具上螺母提起阴极框架,松开绝缘瓷套,卸下吊杆螺母拆除上部支承垫
圈,然后再拆除绝缘瓷套。
Turn the nut on the lofting tool to raise the discharge frame to loosen
support insulator. Unscrew the nut on the tie rod, remove the top supporting
washer and dismount the broken insulator.

10.6.2.2 安装 Mounting
a.检查清扫上下部支承垫圈的表面;
Check and clean the top and bottom washers of the insulator;

b.检查绝缘瓷套上部长底部的密封垫材料是否完好,位置是否正确;
Check to see if the packing material at the top and bottom of insulator
support is in good order and in place.

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c.与拆卸步骤相反地安装支承绝缘瓷套;
Mount the new insulator in the reverse order of dismounting;

d.再检查吊杆位置变动情况,将吊杆调至像拆卸前那样的高度和方位上。
Check the location of the tie rod again, make sure that it is in the exact
position as it was before the replacement of insulator.

11. 专用工具 special tool

11.1 对于一般 FLAKET 型电除尘器应提供专用工具:阴极框架提升工具。


For FLAKET type ESP, the special tools should be provided: hoisting facilities
for emitting frame.

11.2 对于采用螺旋线和虎克螺栓的电除尘器还应提供下列专用工具:
Following special tools should be prepared for ESP composing spiral wire &
huck nut

a.紧固虎克螺栓的液压工具(所有权属制造厂);
Hydraulic facilities for fixing huck nut (the property belongs to
manufactory)

b.螺旋线挂钩工具;
Hook tools for spiral wire.

12. 翻译说明 TRANSLATOR’S NOTE:


英文版使用手册只是对原中文版手册的翻译,如译文中有不明确的地方应以中文版
手册为准.
The English Edition manual is only translation of the original in Chinese.
Should there be anything unclear herein. The Chinese version must govern.

工程服务处
2006-10-25

本说明书中难免有错误或不合理的之处,希望各位阅读者能及时指出,以便完善本说明书.

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