COM
Hole Problems
Lost Circulation
Stuck Pipe
• Keyseat- Crooked Hole
• Differential Sticking
• Mechanical Sticking
Junk in Hole
Kicks and Blowouts
Crooked Hole
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LOST CIRCULATION
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PENYEBAB LOST CIRCULATION
A. FAKTOR ALAMIAH
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Geologist’s Classification
PORE
FRAMEWORK
CEMENT (QUARTZ) MATRIX
FRAMEWORK
(FELDSPAR)
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Lubang dalam batuan yang dapat menyebabkan lost
Fabric
Selective
Fenestral Shelter Growth-Framework
Non-Fabric
Selective
Fracture Channel Vug
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B. Pelanggaran Downhole Pressure
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Indikasi:
Flow out < Flow in (e.g 400 < 500)
Drop in Mud Pit Volume
Laju annulus lebih cepat pada saat tekanan yang
sama
Tidak ada cutting yang keluar
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KERUGIAN
Hilangnya Lumpur
Bahaya terjepitnya Pipa
Formation Damage
Kehilangan Waktu
Kehilangan ijin untuk melanjutkan pemboran
Tidak dapat cutting untuk sample
Penurunan tekanan formasi dapat menyebabkan blow
out pada saat pemboran sampai pada formasi
berikutnya
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Preventive Measures:
Crew Education
Good Mud Program
Study Wells in Area
…to be prepared
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Remedial Measures:
Use Lost Circulation Material
as Mud Additive (fibrous or granular)
Drill Through Troublesome
Interval and Case Off
Decrease Mud Weight
Decrease Circulation Rate
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KICK DAN BLOW OUT
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PENYEBAB TERJADINYA KICK
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2. Kurangnya Tinggi Kolom Lumpur
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3. Terjadinya Lost Circulation
Terjadinya lost sirculation akan menyebabkan
berkurangnya volume lumpur, yang kemudian
mengakibatkan turunnya tinggi kolom fluida
dalam sumur dan kemudian otomatis tekanan
hidrostatik kolom fluida akan turun juga dan pada
akhirnya tidak mampu mengimbangi besarnya
tekanan formasi.
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4. Adanya Gas Dalam Lumpur
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5. Akibat Efek Pengisapan (swabbing)
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TANDA-TANDA TERJADINYA KICK
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KICK DETECTION
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Pada Saat Tripping
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Tekanan Operasi Normal
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Tekanan Operasi Normal
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Normal and Abnormal Pore Pressure
Abnormal
Pressure
Gradients
10,000’ ??
Pore Pressure, psig
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Normal
Abormal
Pore Pressure
Gradient
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* Pore
Pressure
Gradients
* Fracture
Gradients
* Casing
Setting
Depths
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Kerugian :
Jika sampai blow out maka, kerugian yang akan
dihadapi, antara lain :
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Preventive Measures:
Crew Education
Be Alert
Blowout Control Equipment on RIG
including Pit Volume Indicators
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Remedial Action:
If on Bottom:
Use proper Mud Weight
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STUCK PIPE
Indication:
Cannot Pick Up Pipe (Venezuela case)
Causes:
Cave - ins
Keyseat - Crooked Hole
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Causes, cont’d:
Differential Pressure Sticking
Filter Cake
Deposited AFTER Circulation Stops
- While Still on Bottom
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Thick Filter Cake F = µN
N = ∆P A
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P1 >> P2
P1
P2
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Kerugian :
Fishing Operations
Back off, POH, RIG w/fishing string
Loss of Hole
or at least part of the hole
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Preventive Measures:
Use Minimum Mud Weight Required
to Control Formation Pressures.
Use Special Drill Collars (spiral)
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Remedial Measures:
If Circulation Cannot Be
Established:
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JUNK IN HOLE
Indication:
Bit Parts Missing
Items from Surface Dropped
into Hole
Erratic Torque
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Cause:
Negligence of Crew
Result:
Fishing Operation
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Preventive Measure:
Crew Education
Remedial Measures:
Indication:
Periodic Directional Surveys
Stuck Drill String
Casing Problems
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Causes:
Too much Weight on Bit
Dipping Formation
Anisotropic Formation
Too Small Drill Collars
No Stabilizers
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Kerugian:
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Preventive Action:
Avoid Buckling of Drill Pipe by using
sufficient number of drill collars
Use “Oversize” Drill Collars
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Remedial Action:
Plug Back and Sidetrack
Use Whipstock
Use Reamers in 3 Locations
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END
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