Gambar yang disajikan dalam perancangan pabrik kimia difenilamin dibawah ini yaitu neraca massa total pembuatan

difenilamin, diagram alir kualitatif

pembuatan difenilamin, dan diagram alir pembuatan secara keseluruhan.

Diagram alir kualitatif adalah susunan blok dari proses pembuatan difenilamin dari difenilamin yang dilengkapi kondisi operasi.

MASUK (Kg/Jam) KELUAR (Kg/Jam)

KOMPONEN
Umpan Katalis Utilitas Produk Limbah

C6H5NH2 10047,3121     0,5218 410,8545

(C6H5)2NH (s)       8206,2500  

(C6H5)2NH (l)         9,0377

H2O 3,7247 101,4880 820,7071 0,0834 925,8365

HCl   39,4330      

NH4Cl         57,7991

NH4OH         1701,5609

TOTAL 11311,9439 11311,9439

Diagram Alir
Kualitatif
Proses
Pembuatan
Difenilamin
Block Flow Diagram
 NERACA MASSA

Neraca Massa Tiap Alat

1. Mixer
C6H5NH2 ()
H2O ()
(C6H5)2NH (l)

C6H5NH2 ()
C6H5NH2 ()
MIXING (C6H5)2NH (l)
H2O ()
H2O ()

Tabel 1. Neraca Massa di Mixer

MASUK (Kg/Jam) KELUAR
KOMPONEN
FRESH FEED RECYCLE (Kg/Jam)
C6H5NH2 4932.67 5114.645247 10047.31
H2O 3.725 816.9823331 820.71
(C6H5)2NH (l) 0 0.821 0.82
5932.448287 4936.39
TOTAL 10868.840
10868.840
2. Reaktor

HCl ()
H2O ()

C6H5NH2 ()

C6H5NH2 () (C6H5)2NH ()

(C6H5)2NH () REACTION H2O ()

H2O () NH4Cl ()
NH4OH ()

65000ton 1000 kg 1 tahun 1 hari

Rate produksi = × × × =8207,0707 kg/ jam
tahun 1ton 330 hari 24 jam

Basis = 108,0356 Kmol/jam (goalseek)

Konversi = 45%

Kebutuhan HCl = 1% kebutuhan C6H5NH2

Kebutuhan H2O = 10% rate production

Konversi reaksi samping:

HCl + NH3 NH4Cl 100%

Persamaan reaksi:

108,0356
48,6160 48,6160 48,6160

51,4196 48,6160 48,6160

Massa HCl feedstream = 0 Kg

100−37
Massa H2O dari HCl = × Massa HCl
37
 100−37
¿ ×0 Kg
37

= 0 Kg

Mol H2O dari HCl = 0 Kmol

Massa C6H5NH2 Feedstream = Mol C6H5NH2 × BM C6H5NH2

= 108,0356 × 93

= 10047,3121 Kg

100−99
Massa H2O dari C6H5NH2 = x Massa C6H5NH2
99

1
= × 10047,3121
99

= 101,488 Kg

101,488
Mol H2O dari C6H5NH2 =
18

= 5,6382 Kmol

Massa H2O dari utility 10 % production rate:

Massa H2O = 0,1 × 8207,0707

= 820,7071 Kg

820,7071
Mol H2O dari utility = =51,2331 Kmol
18

= 51,2331 Kmol
Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa diatas, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:

Tabel 2. Neraca Massa di Reaktor dalam satuan Kmol/Jam

MASUK (Kg/Jam)
REAKSI KELUAR
KOMPONEN FRESH
RECYCLE (Kg/Jam) (Kg/Jam)
FEED
C6H5NH2 10047,3121 0 -4521,2904 5526,02164
H2O 820,7071 101,4880 0 922,1951
(C6H5)2NH 0 0 8216,1084 8216,1084
HCl 0 39,4330 -39,4330 0
NH4Cl 0 0 57,7991 57,7991
NH4OH 0 0 1701,5609 1701,5609
TOTAL 16423,6851 16423,6851
Tabel 3. Neraca Massa di Reaktor dalam satuan Kg/Jam
MASUK (Kmol/jam) REAKSI KELUAR
KOMPONEN
RECYCLE FRESH FEED (Kmol/Jam) (Kmol/Jam)
C6H5NH2 108,0356 0 -48,6160 59,4196
H2O 45,5948 5,6382 0 51,2331
(C6H5)2NH 0 0 48,6160 48,616
HCl 0 1,0804 -1,0804 0
NH4Cl 0 0 1,0804 1,0804
NH4OH 0 0 48,6160 48,6160

3. Dekanter

C6H5NH2 () Hasil Atas:

H2O () C6H5NH2 ()

(C6H5)2NH () (C6H5)2NH ()
DECANTATION
NH4Cl () H2O ()

NH4OH () NH4Cl ()
NH4OH ()
 Hasil Bawah:
C6H5NH2 ()
H2O ()
(C6H5)2NH (l)

Fraksi Bawah C6H5NH2 = 93,50% × Feed C6H5NH2

= 93,50% × 5526,0216 Kg/Jam

= 5166,0832 Kg/Jam

Fraksi Atas C6H5NH2 = (100%-93,50%) × 5526,0216 Kg/Jam

= 359,1914 Kg/Jam

Fraksi bawah (C6H5)2NH = 99,89% × Feed (C6H5)2NH

= 99,89% × 8216,1084 Kg/Jam

= 8207,0707 Kg/Jam

Fraksi Atas (C6H5)2NH = (100-99,89)% × 8216,1084 Kg/Jam

= 0,11% × 8216,1084Kg/Jam

= 9,0377 Kg/Jam

Fraksi Atas H2O = 99,50% × Feed H2O

= 99,50 % × 922,1951 Kg/Jam

= 917,5481 Kg/Jam

Fraksi bawah H2O = (100-99,50)% × 922,1951 Kg/Jam

= 4,6110 Kg/Jam

Fraksi Bawah NH4Cl = 100%

Fraksi Atas NH4OH = 100%

Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa diatas, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:

Tabel 4. Neraca Massa di Dekanter

KELUAR (Kg/Jam)
KOMPONEN MASUK (Kg/Jam)
HASIL ATAS HASIL BAWAH
C6H5NH2 5526,0216 359,1914 5166,8302
H2O 922,1951 917,5841 4,6110
(C6H5)2NH 8216,1084 9,0377 8207,0707
NH4Cl 57,7991 57,7991 0
NH4OH 1701,5609 1701,5609 0
3045,1732 13378,5119
TOTAL 16423,6851
16423,6851
4. Kristalizer

C6H5NH2 ()
C6H5NH2 ()
(C6H5)2NH (l)
(C6H5)2NH (l) CRYSTALIZE
C6H5NH2 (s)
H2O ()
H2O ()

% kristalisasi = 99,99 %

Kristal (C6H5)2NH = 99,99% × Feed (C6H5)2NH

= 99,99% × 8207,0707 Kg/Jam

= 8206,2500 Kg/Jam

Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa diatas, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:

Tabel 5. Neraca Massa di Kristaliser

KOMPONEN MASUK (Kg/Jam) KELUAR (kg/Jam)

C6H5NH2 5166,8302 5166,8302

H2O 4,6110 4,6110
(C6H5)2NH (l) 8207,0707 0,8207
(C6H5)2NH (s) 0 8206,2500
TOTAL 13378,5119 13378,5119
5. Sentrifus

H2O (l)

C6H5NH2 ()
C6H5NH2 ()
(C6H5)2NH (l)
CENTRIFUGE H2O ()
(C6H5)2NH (s)
(C6H5)2NH (s)
H2O ()

C6H5NH2 ()
H2O ()
(C6H5)2NH (l)
H2O dari Utility = 10 % × Rate Production

= 10% × 8207,0707 Kg/Jam

= 820,7071 Kg/Jam

% Recycle H2O = 99,89 % (H2O from utility + H2O from crystalize)

= 99,89% × (820,7071 + 4,6110) Kg/Jam

= 816,9823

% Produk H2O = (100-99,89)% × (H2O from utility + H2O from crystalize)

= 0,11% × (820,7071+4,6110) Kg/Jam

= 8,3357 Kg/Jam

% Recycle (C6H5)2NH = 99,89% × C6H5NH2 from crystalize

= 99,89% × 5166,8302 Kg/ Jam

= 5114,6452 Kg/Jam

% Produk C6H5NH2 = (100-99,89%) × C6H5NH2 from crystalize

 = 0,11% × 5166,8302 Kg/ Jam

= 52,185 Kg/Jam

Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa diatas, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:

Tabel 6. Neraca Massa di Sentrifus

MASUK (Kg/Jam) KELUAR (Kg/jam)
KOMPONEN DARI DARI
PRODUK RECYCLE
CRYSTALIZER UTILITAS
C6H5NH2 5166,8302 0 52,1850 5114,6452
H2O 4,6110 820,7071 8,3357 816,9823
(C6H5)2NH (l) 0,8207 0 0 0,8207
(C6H5)2NH (s) 8206,2500 0 8206,2500 0
13378,5119 820,7071 8266,7707 5932,4483
TOTAL
14199,2190 14199,2190

6. Dryer

C6H5NH2 ()
C6H5NH2 ()
H2O ()
DRYING (C6H5)2NH (s)
(C6H5)2NH (s)
H2O ()

H2O (l)

% Drying = 99%

% H2O Vaporize = 99% × H2O from centrifuge

 = 99% × 8,3357 Kg/Jam

= 8,2524 Kg/Jam

Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca massa diatas, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:

Tabel 7. Neraca Massa di Dryer

MASUK (Kg/Jam) KELUAR (Kg/Jam)
HASIL
KOMPONEN DARI HASIL UAP
UTILITAS UAP
CENTRIFUGE BAWAH
ATAS
C6H5NH2 52,1850 0 51,6631 0,5218
H20 8,3357 0 8,2524 0,0834
(C6H5)2NH (l) 0,000 0 0 0,000
(C6H5)2NH (s) 8206,2500 0 0 8206,2500
UDARA
0 0 0 0
KERING
8266,7707 0,000 59,9155 8206,8552
TOTAL
8266,7707 8266,7707