UNIT-V

1. What is an index?
2. Define query optimization.
3. What are called jukebox systems?
4. What are the types of storage devices?
5. What is called remapping of bad sectors?
6. Define access time.
7. Define seek time.
8. Define average seek time.
9. Define rotational latency time.
10. Define average latency time.
11. What is meant by data-transfer rate?
12. What is meant by mean time to failure?
13. What is a block and a block number?
14. What are called journaling file systems?
15. What is the use of RAID?
16. What is called mirroring?
17. What is called mean time to repair?
18. What is called bit-level striping?
19. What is called block-level striping?
20. What are the two main goals of parallelism?
21. What are the factors to be taken into account when choosing a RAID level?
22. What is meant by software and hardware RAID systems?
23. Define hot swapping?
24. What are the ways in which the variable-length records arise in database systems?
25. What is the use of a slotted-page structure and what is the information present in the
header?
26. What are the two types of blocks in the fixed –length representation? Define them.
27. What is known as heap file organization?
28. What is known as sequential file organization?
29. What is hashing file organization?
30. What is known as clustering file organization?
31. What are the types of indices?
32. What are the techniques to be evaluated for both ordered indexing and hashing?
33. What is known as a search key?
34. What is a primary index?
35. What are called index-sequential files?
36. What are the two types of indices?
37. What are called multilevel indices?
38. What is B-Tree?
39. What is a B+-Tree index?
40. What is a hash index?
41. What is called query processing?
42. What are the steps involved in query processing?
43. What is called an evaluation primitive?
44. What is called a query evaluation plan?
45. What is called a query –execution engine?
46. What are called as index scans?
47. What is called as external sorting?
48. What is called as recursive partitioning?
49. What is called as an N-way merge?
50. What is known as fudge factor?
51. What are the operations on files?
52. What are the various modes in which a data item may be locked? Explain.
53. What is hasing? Explain.
54. What is meant by indexing?
55. What is a hash function? Give an example.
56. What is a B tree index?
57. What is a dense index? Give an example.
58. What is a sparse index? Give an example.
59. What is query processing? What is query transformation?
60. What are the different query optimization techniques?
UNIT IV

1. What is serializability? What are the objectives of serializability?

2. What is conflict serializability?
3. What is view serializability?
4. What are cascade less schedules? Give an example.
5. What are different types of locks? Distinguish between them.
6. What is two phase locking?
7. Distinguish between shared and exclusive locks.
8. Distinguish between rigorous locking and strict two phase locking.
9. What is recoverability? What are recoverable schedules?
10. What are the concurrency control schemes?
11. What is check pointing?
12. What are transaction logs?
13. What is the difference between volatile and non volatile storage?
14. What do you mean by rollback?
15. What is forced writing?
16. What is meant by pinned block?
17. What are redo and undo logs?
18. What is a timestamp? State its advantages.
19. What is shadow paging? State its advantages.
20. What is a distributed database? List out its objectives.
21. Define i. replication ii.fragmentation.
22. Distinguish between horizontal and vertical fragmentation. Give examples.
23. What are object oriented databases? List out its characteristics.
24. What is deadlock? What are the techniques used to avoid deadlock?
25. What are the methods used to prevent the system from dead lock?
26. What is database recovery? Why backups are important?