Exercise 2
1
1. Explain whether p 1, , 3 are the roots of quadratic equation
2
2p2 + 5p – 3 = 0.
Ans:- The values of p which satisfy the given quadratic equation
2p2 + 5p – 3 = 0 are the roots of quadratic equation.
i) P = 1, LHS = 2 (1)2 + 5 (1) – 3 = 4 ≠ 0
∴ LHS ≠ RHS
∴ P = 1 is not a root.
ii)
2
1 1 1
p , LHS 2 5 3
2 2 2
1 5 1 5
2 3 3 0
4 2 2 2
RHS
1
As equation is satisfied , p is a root of equation
2
iii) P = -3, LHS = 2 (-3 )2 + 5 ( -3 ) -3
= 2 × 9 – 15 – 3 = 0 = RHS
As equation is satisfied , p = -3 is a root of equation.
Exercise 3
20
1. Solve the quadratic equation x 12 0 by factorization method
x
20
Ans: Quadratic equation is x 12 0
x
2. Solve the quadratic equation 10x2 + 3x – 4 = 0 by factorization method.
Ans:- Quadratic Equation is 10x2 + 3x – 4 = 0
Split middle term 3x as 8x – 5x
Exercise 6
Exercise 5
x 1
1. Solve the equation x 2 0 , using formula method.
3
x 1
Ans:- Quadratic equation is x 2 0
3
i.e. 3x2 + x – 1 = 0
Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c = 0
To get, a = 3, b = 1, c = -1
Now b2 – 4ac = 12 – 4 ( 3 ) ( -1) = 1 + 12 = 13
b b2 4ac
The roots are x
2a
1 13
6
1 13 1 13
∴ The roots of the given equation are and
6 6
2. Solve the quadratic equation 3q2 = 2q + 8 using formula method.
Ans:- Quadratic equation is 3q2 = 2q + 8
i.e. 3q2 – 2q – 8 = 0
Compare it with aq2 + bq + c = 0
To get, a=3, b= -2, c = -8
Now, b2 = 4ac = (-2)2 – 4 (3) (-8) = 4 + 96 = 100
The roots are
b b2 4ac
q
2a
2 100 2 10
2 3 6
∴ roots of quadratic equations are
2 10 2 10 12 8
and i.e. and
6 6 6 6
4
i.e. 2 and
3
Exercise 7
1. If one root of the quadratic equation kx 2 – 5x + 2 = 0 is 4 times the
other. Find k
Ans:- Given Q.E. is kx2 – 5x+ 2 = 0
Let α, β be the roots of given Q. E.
We are given α = 4 β
Now,
coefficient of x 5 5
coefficient of x2 k k
5 5
i.e. 4 i.e. 5
k k
1
i.e. ....... 1
k
cons tan t k
Also product of roots .
co efficient of x2
2 2 1
i.e. 4 . i.e. 2
k 4k 2k
1
Put from 1
k
2
1 1 1 1
i.e. 2
k 2k k 2k
k2 2k
divide by k 0
k 2
Exercise - 8
11
1. Form a quadratic equation with roots – 2 and .
2
11
Ans:- The given roots are α = -2 and β =
2
11 4 11 7
2 and
2 2 2
11
2 11
2
Quadratic Equation is
x2 – (sum of roots) x + product of roots = 0
i.e. x2 – (α + β) x + α . β = 0
on putting the values
7
x2 x 11 0
2
Multiplying both sides by 2
∴ 2x2 – 7x – 22 = 0
This is required Q.E.
3. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation is 3 and sum of their
cubes is 63. Find the quadratic equation.
Ans:- Suppose α, β are the roots of a quadratic equation. Then we are given
α + β = 3 and α 3 + β3 = 63
We have
(α + β) 3 = α 3 + 3 α 2β + 3 αβ2 + β3
i.e. (α + β) 3 = α 3 + 3 α β (α + β) + β3
(α + β) 3 = α 3 + β3 + 3 α β . ( α + β )
∴ 33 = 63 + 3 α β . 3
27 = 63 + 9 α β
∴ 9 α β = 27 – 63 = - 36
α β = -4
now, quadratic equation is
x2 – ( sum of roots) x + (product of roots) = 0
i.e. x2 – ( α + β ) x + α . β = 0
Put α + β = 3 and α β = - 4
∴ x2 – 3x – 4 = 0
This is the required Q.E.
Exercise 9
1 1
2. Solve: 2 x2 9 x 14 0
x2 x
1 1
Ans:- Equation is 2 x2 9 x 14 0
x2 x
We know the identity
2
1 1
x 2
x 2
x2 x
2
1 1 1 1
Note: x x2 2x . x2 2
x x x2 x2
2
1 1
x2 x 2
x2 x
∴ given equation becomes
2
1 1
2 x 2 9 x 14 0
x x
1
Take x m
x
2 m2 2 9m 14 0
i.e. 2m2 – 4 – 9m + 14 = 0
2m2 – 9m + 10 = 0
2m2 – 4m – 5m + 10 = 0
2m (m – 2) – 5 (m – 2) = 0
(m – 2) . (2m – 5) = 0
i.e. m – 2 = 0 or 2m – 5 = 0
5
i.e. m = 2 or m
2
1
As m x
x
1
# m = 2 , gives x 2
x
x2 1
i.e. 2 i.e. x2 + 1 = 2x
x
i.e. x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 i.e. ( x – 1)2 = 0
i.e. x – 1 = 0 i.e. x = 1
#
5 1 5
m gives x
2 x 2
x 1 5
2
i.e. i.e. 2 x2 1 5x
x 2
i.e. 2x2 + 2 – 5x = 0
i.e. 2x2 – 5x + 2 = 0
i.e. 2x2 – x – 4x + 2 = 0
i.e. x (2x – 1) – 2 (2x – 1) = 0
i.e. (2x – 1) = 0 or (x – 2) = 0
i.e. 2x – 1 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
1
i.e. x or x 2
2
1
Ans: x 1, x , x 2
2
1
Or solution set = {1, , 2}
2
12
3. Solve : 35 y 2 44
y2
12
Ans:- Equation is 35 y 2 44
y2
Take y2 = m ∴ equation becomes
12
35m 44
m
On multiplying both sides by m, we get
35m2 + 12 = 44m i.e. 35m2 – 44m + 12 = 0
i.e. 35m2 – 14m – 30m + 12 = 0
i.e. 7m ( 5m – 2 ) – 6 ( 5m – 2 ) = 0
i.e. (5m – 2) (7m – 6) = 0
i.e. 5m – 2 = 0 or 7m – 6 = 0
2 6
i.e. m or m
5 7
As m = y2
2 2 2
# m gives y 2 y
5 5 5
6 6 6
# m gives y 2 y
7 7 7
2 6
Ans: y ,
5 7
2 6
i.e. solution set = ,
5 7
∴ equation becomes
3 (x2)2 – 13x2 + 10 = 0
Take x2 = m
∴ 3m2 – 13 m + 10 = 0
i.e. 3m2 – 3m – 10m + 10 = 0
i.e. 3m ( m – 1 ) – 10 ( m – 1 ) = 0
i.e. ( m – 1 ) ( 3m -10 ) = 0
i.e. m – 1 = 0 or 3m – 10 = 0
10
i.e. m = 1 or m =
3
As m = x2
# m = 1 gives x2 = 1 ∴ x = ± 1
10 10 10
# m gives x2 x
3 3 3
10
Ans: x 1,
3
15
5. Solve : 2 y 2 12
y2
15
Ans:- Equation is 2 y 2 12
y2
Take y2 = m
15
∴ equation becomes 2m 12
m
multiplying both sides by m
2m2 + 15 = 12m
i.e. 2m2 – 12m + 15 = 0
This can not be solved by factorization method
Compare it with am2 + bm + c = 0 , to get
a = 2, b = -12, c = 15
Now, b2 – 4ac = (-12)2 – 4 (2) (15)
= 144 – 120 = 24
b b2 4ac
Roots are m
2a
12 24 12 2 6
i.e. m
2 2 4
6 6
m
2
6 6 6 6
m or m
2 2
As m y2
#
6 6 6 6
m gives y 2
2 2
6 6
y
2
#
6 6 6 6
m gives y 2
2 2
6 6
y
2
6 6 6 6
Ans: y ,
2 2
Exercise 10
1. Tinu is younger than Pinky by three years. The product of their ages is
180. Find their ages.
Ans:- Suppose Tinu’s age is x yrs.
∴ Pinky’s age = (x + 3) yrs.
The product of their ages is given to be 180 yrs.
∴ x. (x + 3) = 180
i.e. x2 + 3x – 180 = 0
∴ (x + 15) ( x – 12) = 0
∴ x = -15 or x = 12
As age can not be negative, x ≠ -15
∴ x = 12
Tinu’s age = 12 yrs.
Pinky’s age = 12 + 3 = 15 yrs.
2. A natural number is greater than twice its square root by 3. Find the
number.
Ans:- Let n be the natural number. Its square root is n . It is given that the
natural number is greater than twice its square root by 3.
i.e. n = 2 n +3
i.e. n – 3 = 2 n (note this step)
On squaring both sides
(n – 3)2 = 4n
i.e. n2 – 6n + 9 = 4n
n2 – 6n – 4n + 9 = 0 i.e. n2 – 10n + 9 = 0
(n- 1) (n – 9) = 0
i.e. n – 1 = 0 or n–9=0
i.e. n = 1 or n = 9
But n = 1 does not satisfy the condition. Hence it is rejected
∴n=9
Required natural number is 9.
3. A natural number is greater than the other by 5. The sum of their squares
is 73. Find those numbers.
Ans:- Let the natural numbers be x and x + 5.
According to given condition,
x2 + (x+5)2 = 73
i.e. x2 + x2 + 10x + 25 = 73
2x2 + 10x + 25 – 73 = 0
2x2 + 10x – 48 = 0
Dividing both sides by 2
x2 + 5x -24 = 0
i.e. (x +8) (x -3) = 0
x+ 8 = 0 or x – 3 = 0
i.e. x = -8 or x = 3
As x is a natural number, x ≠ -8
∴x=3
Two natural numbers are 3 and 3 +5 = 8
n n 1
4. The sum of the first n natural numbers is given by S
2
Find n if the sum (S) is 276.
n (n 1)
Ans:- We are given S 276
2
∴ n (n+1) = 276 × 2 = 552
i.e. n2 + n = 552
i.e. n2 + n -552 = 0
i.e. n2 +24n -23n -552 = 0
i.e. n(n + 24)-23(n + 24) = 0
i.e. (n + 24) (n -23) = 0
∴ n + 24 = 0 or n -23 = 0
i.e. n = -24 or n = 23
As n is a natural number , n ≠ -24
∴ n = 23
n n 1
Note: We have 276
2
i.e. n(n+1) = 2 × 276 = 552
LHS is a product of two consecutive natural numbers. We express RHS
also as product of two consecutive natural numbers.
Now, 552 = 23 × 24
∴ n (n+1) = 23 × 24
∴ n = 23 (i.e. n +1 = 24)
Ans:-
Quadratic equation is
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
As α and β are the roots of the equation
b c
and
a a
2 2
and
2 2 2
We have , ( 2
2
( 2
2
b c b2 2c
2
a a a2 a
c c
a a
b2 2ac a b2 2ac
2
a c ac
2
b 2ac
ac
1 1
5. Solve the quadratic equation by factorization method.
x 2 x2
Ans:- Quadratic equation is
1 1
x 2 x2
On cross multiplying we get
x 2 = x + 2 i.e. x 2 –x–2=0
i.e. x 2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0
i.e. x ( x – 2 ) + 1 ( x – 2 ) = 0
i.e. ( x – 2 ) ( x + 1 ) = 0
i.e. x = 2 or x = – 1
Thus, roots of the quadratic equation are 2 and – 1
5
7. Form the quadratic equation whose roots are – 3 and
2
5
Ans:- Let α = – 3 and β = be the given roots of a quadratic equation in x.
2
5 1
2 2
5 15
and 3
2 2
Now, quadratic equation is
x – ( sum of roots ) x + ( product of roots ) = 0
2
1 15
i.e. x 2 x 0
2 2
Multiplying both sides by 2
∴ 2x 2 + x – 15 = 0 is required quadratic equation
1 1
iv) and
Ans:-
As roots of 4x 2 – 5x + 2 = 0 are α and β
( 5) 5
4 4
2 1
4 2
i) Required quadratic equation has roots α + 3β and β + 3α
sum of roots = α + 3β + β + 3α = 4α + 4β = 4 ( α + β )
5
=4× =5
4
product of roots ( ) 3 2 9 2
2 2
3[ ( 2 ( 6
2
2 5 1
( 4 3 4
4 2
25 75 32 107
3 2
16 16 16
Now, required quadratic equation is
x 2 – ( sum of roots ) x + ( product of roots ) = 0
on putting values, we get
107
x 2 5x 0 i.e. 16x 2 80x 107 0
16
ii) Required quadratic equation has roots and
2 2
( )2 2
sum of roots
2
5 1 25
2 1
4 2 16 9 9
2
1 1 16 8
2 2
product of roots 1
3 3 3
( 3
3 3 3
( 3
3
5 1 5 125 15 125 120
3
4 2 4 64 8 64 5 5
sum of roots 2
1 1 1 64 32
2 2 2
Also,
2 2
1
product of roots
2
Required quadratic equation is
x 2– ( sum of roots ) x + ( product of roots ) = 0
5 1
i.e. x 2 x 0
32 2
i.e. 32x 2 5x 16 0
1 1
iv) Roots of required quadratic equation are and
1 1 1 1
sum of roots (
5 5/ 4 5 5 5 10 15
2
4 1/ 2 4 4 4 4 4
1 1 1
product of roots
2 2
1 ( )2 2 1
1 25
(5 / 4 ) 2 2 1
1 2 1 1 16 1 9
2 2 2
2 1/ 2 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 2 16
1 9 29
2
2 8 8
10. If the difference between the roots of the quadratic equation is 3 and
difference of their cubes is 189, find the quadratic equation
Ans:- Let α and β be the roots of the equation
∴α–β=3 and α 3 –β 3 = 189
We have
α 3 –β 3 =(α–β) 3 +3αβ(α–β)
∴ 189 = (3) 3 +3 α β ( 3)
∴ 189 = 27 + 9 α β
∴ 9 α β = 189 – 27
162
∴αβ=
9
∴ α β = 18
Now,
(α + β) 2 = (α - β) 2 +4αβ
∴ (α + β) 2 =3 2 + 4 × 18
∴ (α + β) 2 = 9 + 72 = 81
∴α+β=±9
∴ The required quadratic equation is
x 2 –(α+β)x+αβ=0
∴x 2 – ( ± 9x ) + 18 = 0
∴x 2 – 9x + 18 = 0 and x 2 + 9x + 18 = 0
are the equations.
12. If the difference of the roots of the quadratic equation is 4 and difference
of their cubes is 208, find the quadratic equation.
Ans:- Let α and β be the roots of the equation
∴α–β=4 and α 3 –β 3 = 208
We have
α 3 –β 3 =(α–β) 3 +3αβ(α–β)
∴ 208 = (4) 3 +3 α β (4 )
∴ 208 = 64 + 12 α β
∴ 12 α β = 208 – 64 = 144
∴ α β = 12
Now,
(α + β) 2 = (α - β) 2 +4αβ
∴ (α + β) 2 =4 2 + 4 × 12
∴ (α + β) 2 = 16 + 48 = 64
∴α+β=±8
∴ The required quadratic equation is
x 2 –(α+β)x+αβ=0
∴x 2 – ( ± 8x ) + 12 = 0
∴x 2 – 8x + 12 = 0 and x 2 + 8x + 12= 0
are the required equations.
3 3 2 6 b3
i.e. 3 ( )
a3
6 3
now , ( )2
3 3 2 3 b3
3 ( ) ( )2
a3
Put values from (1) and (2) to get
2
c c b c b3
3
a a a a a3
c 3bc c2 b3
i.e.
a a2 a2 a3
multiply both sides by a 3 to get
a 2 c – 3abc + ac 2 =-b 3
1 1 1
14. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation is zero.
x p x q r
2 2
(p q )
Show that the product of the roots is
2
Ans:- Quadratic equation is
1 1 1
x p x q r
x q x p 1
i.e.
x q x p r
i.e. ( 2x p q ) r x q x p
2
i.e. 2x r pr qr x px qx pq
2
i.e. x ( p q 2r ) x pq pr qr 0
If α and β are the roots of the above equation then
( p q 2r )
( p q 2r )
1
We are given
α+β=0
∴ - ( p + q – 2r ) = 0
∴ p + q = 2r
p q
r (1)
2
Now,
pq pr qr
product of roots
1
pq r (p q)
p q
pq ( p q) ......... from (1)
2
( p q) 2 2pq ( p 2 q 2 2pq )
pq
2 2
2
(p q2)
2
2
17. Solve : 6 m 2 7
m2
Ans:- equation is
2
6m 2 7
m2
i.e. 6 m 4 2 7 m 2
i.e. 6 m 4 7m 2 2 0
i.e. 6 (m 2 ) 2 – 7m 2 +2=0
put m 2 =x
thus the equation becomes
6x 2 – 7x + 2 = 0
6x 2 – 3x – 4x + 2 = 0
i.e. 3x ( 2x – 1 ) – 2 ( 2x – 1 ) = 0
i.e. ( 3x – 2 ) ( 2x – 1 ) = 0
∴ 3x – 2 = 0 or 2x – 1 = 0
i.e. x = 2 / 3 or x = 1 / 2
2 1
m2 or m 2
3 2
2 1
m or m
3 2
2 2 1 1
Hence , , , are the roots.
3 3 2 2
consider p 2 +p+4=0
comparing with ap 2 + bp + c = 0
a = 1, b = 1, c = 4
b b 2 4ac
p
2a
1 1 4(1) (4) 1 15
2(1) 2
The roots are not real numbers.
consider p 2 +p-7=0
comparing with ap 2 + bp + c = 0
a = 1, b = 1, c = - 7
b b 2 4ac
p
2a
1 1 4(1) ( 7) 1 29
2(1) 2
1 29 1 29
Thus, the roots are and
2 2
1 1
19. Solve the equation : 3 x 2 4 x 6 0
x2 x
Ans:- equation is
1 1
3 x2 4 x 6 0
x2 x
1
put x m
x
now
2
2 1 1
x x 2 m2 2
x2 x
Hence, the given equation becomes
3(m 2 + 2 ) – 4m – 6 = 0
i.e. 3m 2 + 6 – 4m – 6 = 0
i.e. 3m 2 – 4m = 0
i.e. m ( 3m – 4 ) = 0
i.e. m = 0 or 3m – 4 = 0
∴m=0 or m=4/3
Hence,
1 1 4
x 0 or x
x x 3
2
x 1 4
i.e. x 2 1 0 or
x 3
i.e. x 2 1 or 3( x 2
1) 4x
∴ x = ± 1 or 3x 2 – 4x – 3 = 0
Consider 3x 2 – 4x – 3 = 0
comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0
a = 3, b = - 4, c = - 3
b b 2 4ac
x
2a
( 4) ( 4) 2 4 (3) ( 3) 4 16 36
2 (3) 6
4 52 4 2 13 2 (2 13 ) 2 13
6 6 6 3
2 13 2 13
Hence, the roots are 1, - 1, ,
3 3
1 1
20. Solve the equation : 9 x 2 3 x 20 0
x2 x
Ans:- equation is
1 1
9 x2 3 x 20 0
x2 x
1
put x m
x
now
2
2 1 1
x x 2 m2 2
x2 x
Hence, the given equation becomes
9(m 2 + 2 ) – 3m – 20 = 0
i.e. 9m 2 + 18 – 3m – 20 = 0
i.e. 9m 2 – 3m – 2 = 0
i.e. 9m 2 – 6m + 3m – 2 = 0
i.e. 3m ( 3m – 2 ) +1 ( 3m – 2 ) = 0
i.e. ( 3m + 1 ) ( 3m – 2 ) = 0
i.e. ( 3m + 1 ) = 0 or ( 3m – 2 ) = 0
∴m=-1/3 or m=2/3
1 1 1 2
x or x
x 3 x 3
2 2
x 1 1 x 1 2
i.e. or
x 3 x 3
2 2
i.e. 3( x 1) x or 3( x 1) 2x
i.e. 3x 2 x 3 0 or 3x 2 2x 3 0
Consider 3x 2 +x–3=0
comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0
a = 3, b = 1, c = - 3
b b 2 4ac
x
2a
1 1 2 4 (3) ( 3) 1 1 36 1 37
2 (3) 6 6
Consider 3x 2 - 2x – 3 = 0
comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0
a = 3, b = - 2, c = - 3
b b 2 4ac
x
2a
( 2) ( 2) 2 4 (3) ( 3) 2 4 36 2 40
2 (3) 6 6
2 2 10 2 (1 10 ) 1 10
6 6 3
1 37 1 10
Hence, the roots are ,
6 3
1 1
21. Solve the equation : 30 x 2 77 x 12 0
x2 x
Ans:- equation is
1 1
30 x 2 77 x 12 0
x2 x
1
put x m
x
now
2
2 1 1
x x 2 m2 2
x2 x
Hence, the given equation becomes
30 ( m 2 + 2 ) – 77m – 12 = 0
i.e. 30m 2 + 60 – 77m – 12 = 0
i.e. 30m 2 – 77m + 48 = 0
i.e. 30m 2 – 45m – 32m + 48 = 0
i.e. 15m ( 2m – 3 ) – 16 ( 2m – 3 ) = 0
i.e. ( 15m - 16 ) ( 2m – 3 ) = 0
i.e. ( 15m - 16 ) = 0 or ( 2m – 3 ) = 0
∴ m = 16 / 15 or m=3/2
1 16 1 3
x or x
x 15 x 2
2 2
x 1 16 x 1 3
i.e. or
x 15 x 2
2
i.e. 15 ( x 1) 16 x or 2 ( x 2 1) 3x
i.e. 15x 2 16 x 15 0 or 2x 2 3x 2 0
Consider 2x 2 - 3x – 2 = 0
i.e. 2x 2 - 4x + x – 2 = 0
i.e. 2x ( x – 2 ) + 1( x – 2 ) = 0
i.e. ( 2x + 1 ) ( x – 2 ) = 0
i.e. 2x + 1 = 0 or x–2=0
i.e. x = - 1 / 2 or x=2
Hence, the roots are – 3/ 5, 5 / 3, - 1/ 2, 2
1 1
22. Solve the equation : 12 x 2 56 x 89 0
x2 x
Ans:- equation is
1 1
12 x 2 56 x 89 0
x2 x
1
put x m
x
now
2
2 1 1
x x 2 m2 2
x2 x
Hence, the given equation becomes
12 ( m 2 - 2 ) – 56m + 89 = 0
i.e. 12m 2 - 24 – 56m + 89 = 0
i.e. 12m 2 – 56m + 65 = 0
i.e. 12m 2 – 30m – 26m + 65 = 0
i.e. 6m ( 2m – 5 ) – 13 ( 2m – 5 ) = 0
i.e. ( 6m - 13 ) ( 2m – 5 ) = 0
i.e. ( 6m - 13 ) = 0 or ( 2m – 5 ) = 0
∴ m = 13 / 6 or m=5/2
1 13 1 5
x or x
x 6 x 2
2 2
x 1 13 x 1 5
i.e. or
x 6 x 2
2
i.e. 6 ( x 1) 13 x or 2 ( x 2 1) 5x
i.e. 6x 2 13 x 6 0 or 2x 2 5x 2 0
Consider 6x 2 - 13x + 6 = 0
i.e. 6x 2 – 9x - 4x + 6 = 0
i.e. 3x ( 2x – 3 ) - 2 ( 2x – 3 ) = 0
i.e. ( 3x - 2 ) ( 2x - 3 ) = 0
i.e. 3x - 2 = 0 or 2x – 3 = 0
i.e. x = 2 / 3 or x=3/2
Consider 2x 2 - 5x + 2 = 0
i.e. 2x 2 - 4x - x + 2 = 0
i.e. 2x ( x – 2 ) – 1 ( x – 2 ) = 0
i.e. ( 2x - 1 ) ( x – 2 ) = 0
i.e. 2x - 1 = 0 or x–2=0
i.e. x = 1 / 2 or x=2
consider y 2 + 5y + 4 = 0
i.e. y 2 + 4y + y + 4 = 0
i.e. y ( y + 4 ) + 1 ( y + 4 ) = 0
i.e. ( y + 1 ) ( y + 4 ) = 0
i.e. y = - 1 or y = - 4
consider y 2 + 5y – 6 = 0
i.e. y 2 + 6y – y – 6 = 0
i.e. y ( y + 6 ) – 1 ( y + 6 ) = 0
i.e. ( y + 6 ) ( y – 1 ) = 0
i.e. y = - 6 or y = 1
hence, the roots are – 1, - 4, - 6, 1
consider y 2 – 6y + 4 = 0
comparing with ay 2 + by + c = 0 to get,
a = 1, b = - 6, c = 4
b b 2 4ac
y
2a
( 6) ( 6) 2 4 (1) (4) 6 36 16
2(1) 2
6 20 6 2 5 2(3 5)
3 5
2 2 2
consider y 2 – 6y – 8 = 0
comparing with ay 2 + by + c = 0 to get,
a = 1, b = - 6, c = - 8
b b 2 4ac
y
2a
( 6) ( 6 ) 2 4 (1) ( 8) 6 36 32
2(1) 2
6 68 6 2 17 2(3 17 )
3 17
2 2 2
The roots are 3 5 and 3 17
25. Three consecutive odd natural numbers are such that the product of the
first and third is greater than four times the middle by 1. Find the
numbers.
Ans:- Let x be an odd natural number.
∴ x, x + 2, x + 4 are consecutive odd natural numbers.
We are given
x(x+4)=4(x+2)+1
∴x 2 + 4x = 4x + 8 + 1
∴x 2 =9
i.e. x = ± 3
i.e. x = 3 or x = - 3
but – 3 is not a natural number. Hence x = 3
thus, the numbers are 3, 5, 7
26. In garden there are some rows and columns. The number of trees in a
row is greater than that in each column by 10. Find the number of trees
in each row if the total number of trees is 200.
Ans:- Let the number of trees in each column = x
∴ the number of trees in each row = x + 10
We are given
x ( x + 10 ) = 200
i.e. x 2 + 10x – 200 = 0
i.e. x 2 + 20x – 10x – 200 = 0
i.e. x ( x + 20 ) – 10 ( x + 20 ) = 0
i.e. ( x – 10 ) ( x + 20 ) = 0
∴ x = 10 or x = - 20
Number of trees cannot be negative, hence we discard x = - 20
Hence, number of trees in each column = 10
And number of trees in each row = 20
27. One diagonal of a rhombus is greater than other by 4 cm. If the area of
the rhombus is 96 cm 2, find the side of the rhombus.
Ans:- Let one diagonal = x cm
∴ The other diagonal is ( x + 4 ) cm
1
Area of the rhombus ( product of diagoals )
2
1
96 x ( x 4)
2
∴ x (x + 4 ) = 192
∴x 2 + 4x – 192 = 0
∴x 2 + 16x – 12x – 192 = 0
∴ x ( x + 16 ) – 12 ( x + 16 ) = 0
∴ ( x – 12 ) ( x + 16 ) = 0
∴ x = 12 or x = - 16
As length cannot be negative, x ≠ -16
∴ x = 12
Let diagonal BD = 12
∴ diagonal AC = 12 + 4 = 16
Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
Hence, AM = 8 and BM = 6
In right triangle AMB
AB 2 = AM 2 + BM 2
∴ AB 2 = 64 + 36 = 100
∴ AB = 10
Length of side of the rhombus is 10 cm
28. A man riding on a bicycle covers a distance of 60 km in a direction of
wind and comes back to his original position in 8 hours. If the speed of
the wind is 10 km/hr, find the speed of the bicycle.
Ans:- Let the speed of the bicycle be x km/hr
Speed of wind = 10 km/hr
∴speed in the direction of the wind = ( x + 10 ) km/hr
and speed in the direction opposite to wind = ( x - 10 ) km/hr
Now,
distance
time
speed
Thus, from the given conditions
60 60
8
x 10 x 10
60 ( x 10 ) 60 ( x 10 )
i.e. 8
( x 10 ) ( x 10 )
i.e. 60 ( x 10 x 10 ) 8( x 10 ) ( x 10 )
i.e. 15 ( 2x ) = 2 ( x 2 – 100 )
∴ 30x = 2x 2 – 200
∴ 2x 2 – 30x – 200 = 0
∴x 2 – 15x – 100 = 0
∴x 2 – 20x + 5x – 100 = 0
∴ x ( x – 20 ) + 5 ( x – 20 ) = 0
∴ ( x + 5 ) ( x – 20 ) = 0
∴x+5=0 and x – 20 = 0
∴x=-5 and x = 20
Now x cannot be negative, hence x = 20
∴ speed of bicycle = 20 km/hr
29. The sum of four times a number and three times its reciprocal is 7. Find
that number.
Ans:- Let the number be x.
Then we are given
1
4x 3 7
x
i.e. 4x 2 3 7x
i.e. 4x 2 – 7x + 3 = 0
i.e. 4x 2 – 4x – 3x + 3 = 0
i.e. 4x ( x – 1) – 3 ( x - 1 ) = 0
i.e. ( 4x – 3 ) ( x – 1 ) = 0
∴ 4x – 3 = 0 or x–1=0
∴x=3/4 or x=1
3
The numbers are and 1
4
30. For doing some work Ganesh takes 10 days more than John. If both work
together they complete the work in 12 days. Find the number of days if
Ganesh worked alone.
Ans:- Let John take x days to complete the work, thus Ganesh will require
( x + 10 ) days to complete the work.
1
Now, work completed by John in one day =
x
1
and work completed by Ganesh in one day =
x 10
1 1
thus, work done by John and Ganesh in one day =
x x 10
now, they complete the work in 12 days
1 1
12 1
x x 10
x 10 x
12 1
x ( x 10 )
12 ( 2x 10 ) x ( x 10 )
24x 120 x2 10x
2
i.e. x 14x 120 0
i.e. x 2 – 20x + 6x – 120 = 0
i.e. x ( x – 20 ) + 6 ( x – 20 ) = 0
i.e. ( x + 6 ) ( x – 20 ) = 0
i.e. x + 6 = 0 or x - 20 = 0
∴x=-6 or x = 20
Now x cannot be negative, hence x = 20
Thus, number of days taken by Ganesh to complete the work alone is
20 + 10 = 30
31. A natural number is greater than three times its square root by 4. Find
the number.
Ans:- Let the natural number be x.
We are given
x= 3 x + 4
i.e. x – 4 = 3 x
on squaring both sides
(x–4)2=(3 x )2
i.e. x 2 – 8x + 16 = 9x
i.e. x 2 – 17x + 16 = 0
i.e. x 2 – 16x – x + 16 = 0
i.e. x ( x - 16 ) – ( x – 16 ) = 0
i.e. ( x – 16 ) ( x – 1 ) = 0
∴ x – 16 = 0 or x – 1 = 0
∴ x = 16 or x = 1.
Now, x = 1 does not satisfy the given condition, hence the required
natural number is 16.
32. The sum of the areas of two squares is 400 sq. m. If the difference
between their perimeters is 16m, find the sides of two squares.
Ans:- Let the side of smaller square be x m. Then the perimeter of the square is
4x.
Now perimeter of the second square is 4x + 16
Hence a side of the greater square is
4x 16
=(x+4)m
4
Area of first square = x 2
33. Exterior angle of a regular polygon having n – sides is more that of the
polygon having n 2 sides by 50 ˚. Find the number of the sides of each
polygon.
Ans:- Sum of all exterior angles of any polygon is 360˚.
A n sided polygon has n exterior angles. As it is a regular polygon all
exterior angles are of equal measure.
360
Hence, the measure of each exterior angle of n sided polygon is
n
Similarly, the measure if each exterior angle of a regular polygon having
360
n side is
2
n2
We are given
360 360
50
n n2
360n 360
50
n2
360n 360 50 n 2
∴ 50n 2 – 360n + 360 = 0
Divide by 10
5n 2 – 36n + 36 = 0
∴ 5n 2 – 30n – 6n + 36 = 0
5n ( n – 6 ) – 6 ( n 6 ) = 0
∴ ( 5n – 6 ) ( n – 6 ) = 0
∴ 5n – 6 = 0 or n–6=0
∴n=6/5 or n=6
Now, number of sides cannot be 6 / 5, hence n = 6
Number of sides of one polygon = 6
Number of sides of other polygon = 6 2 = 36
34. Tinu takes 9 days more than his father to do a certain piece of work.
Together they can do the work in 6 days. How many days will Tinu take to
do that work alone ?
Ans:- Let Tinu take x days to complete the work, thus her father will require
( x - 9 ) days to complete the work.
1
Now, work completed by Tinu in one day =
x
1
and work completed by her father in one day =
x 9
1 1
thus, work done by Tinu and her father in one day =
x x 9
now, they complete the work in 6 days
1 1
6 1
x x 9
x 9 x
6 1
x ( x 9)
6 ( 2x 9 ) x ( x 9)
i.e. 12x – 54 = x 2 – 9x
i.e. x 2 – 21x + 54 = 0
i.e. x 2 – 18x - 3x + 54 = 0
i.e. x ( x – 18 ) - 3 ( x – 18 ) = 0
i.e. ( x - 3 ) ( x – 18 ) = 0
i.e. x – 3 = 0 or x - 18 = 0
∴x=3 or x = 18
Now x = 3 does not satisfy the given condition, hence x = 18
Thus, number of days taken by Tinu to complete the work alone = 18
35. The sum of the squares of five consecutive natural numbers is 1455. Find
the numbers.
Ans:- Let x, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3, x + 4 be the five consecutive numbers.
We are given
x 2 +(x+1) 2 + ( x + 2) 2 +(x+3) 2 +(x+4) 2 = 1455
∴x 2 +x 2 + 2x + 1 + x 2 + 4x + 4 + x 2 + 6x + 9 + x 2 + 8x + 16 =
1455
∴ 5x 2 + 20x + 30 = 1455
∴ 5x 2 + 20x – 1425 = 0
∴x 2 + 4x – 285 = 0
∴x 2 + 19x – 15x – 285 = 0
∴ x ( x + 19 ) – 15 ( x + 19 ) = 0
∴ ( x – 15 ) ( x + 19 ) = 0
∴ x = 15 and x = - 19
As x is a natural number it cannot be negative, hence x ≠ -19
∴ x = 15
Thus the numbers are 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.
36. The side of one regular hexagon is larger than that of the other regular
hexagon by 1 cm. If the product of their areas is 243, then find the sides
of both the regular hexagons.
Ans:- Let the side of the smaller regular hexagon be x cm.
Then the side of the larger hexagon is ( x + 1 ) cm
Area of smaller hexagon is
3 3 3 3 2
( side ) 2 x
2 2
Area of greater hexagon is
3 3 3 3
( side ) 2 ( x 1) 2
2 2
We are given
Product of areas = 243
3 3 2 3 3
x ( x 1) 2 243
2 2
27
x 2 ( x 1) 2 243
4
4
x 2 ( x 1) 2 243
27
2 2
x ( x 1) 36
∴x(x+1)=±6
∴ x ( x + 1 ) = 6 or x ( x + 1 ) = - 6
∴x 2 +x=6 or x 2 +x=-6
∴x 2 +x–6=0 or x 2 +x+6=0
Consider x 2 +x–6=0
i.e. x 2 + 3x – 2x – 6 = 0
i.e. x ( x + 3 ) – 2 ( x + 3 ) = 0
i.e. ( x – 2 ) ( x + 3 ) = 0
∴x–2=0 or x+3=0
∴x=2 or x=-3
As side cannot be negative, x ≠ -3
∴x=2
Consider x 2 +x+6=0
comparing with ax 2 + bx + c = 0 to get
a = 1, b = 1, c = 6
here b 2 4ac 1 2 4(1) 6 1 24 23 0
roots are not real
∴ x = 2 is the only root
Answer :- Side of a smaller hexagon = 2 cm
Side of a greater hexagon = 2 + 1 = 3 cm
1
37. Two years ago my age was 4 times the age of my son. Six years ago,
2
my age was twice the square of the age of my son. What is the present
age of my son.
Ans:- Let the present age of the son be x years.
Age of son 2 years ago = ( x – 2 ) years
1 9
∴ Age of father 2 years back = 4 ( x 2) ( x 2)
2 2
∴ present age of father =
9 9(x 2) 4 9x 18 4 9x 14
( x 2) 2
2 2 2 2
Age of son 6 years ago = ( x – 6 ) years
9x 14 9x 14 12 9x 26
Age of father 6 years ago = 6 years
2 2 2
We are given
9x 26
=2(x–6) 2
2
i.e. 9x – 26 = 4 ( x 2 – 12x + 36 )
i.e. 9x – 26 = 4x 2 – 48x + 144
i.e. 4x 2 – 57x + 170 = 0
i.e. 4x 2 – 40x – 17x + 170 = 0
i.e. 4x ( x – 10 ) – 17 ( x - 10 ) = 0
i.e. ( 4x – 17 ) ( x – 10 ) = 0
i.e. 4x – 17 = 0 or x – 10 = 0
i.e. x = 17 / 4 or x = 10
For x = 17/4, son’s age 6 years ago becomes negative !
∴ x ≠ 17/4
∴ x = 10
Ans: The present age of the son is 10 years.
38. A car covers a distance of 240 km with some speed. If the speed is
increased by 20 km / hr, it will cover the same distance in 2 hours less.
Find the usual speed of the car.
Ans:- Let the usual speed of the car be x km / hr.
Now,
distance 240
time hours
speed x
Increased speed = ( x + 20 ) km / hr
240
Time taken with this speed to cover 240 km will be hours
x 20
We are given
240 240
2
x x 20
240( x 20) 240 x
2
x ( x 20)
∴ 240 ( x + 20 – x ) = 2x ( x + 20 )
∴ 4800 = 2x ( x + 20 )
Divide both sides by 2
∴ 2400 = x ( x + 20 )
∴x 2 + 20x = 2400
∴x 2 + 20x – 2400 = 0
∴x 2 + 60x – 40x – 2400 = 0
∴ x ( x + 60) – 40 ( x + 60 ) = 0
∴ ( x – 40 ) ( x + 60 ) = 0
∴ x – 40 = 0 or x + 60 = 0
∴ x = 40 or x = - 60
As speed cannot be negative, x ≠ -60
∴ x = 40
Thus usual speed of car = 40 km / hr
39. An express train takes 30 min less for a journey of 440 km, if its usual
speed is increased by 8 km / hr. Find its usual speed.
Ans:-
Let the usual speed of the train be x km / hr.
Now,
distance 440
time hours
speed x
Increased speed = x + 8
440
Time taken with this speed to cover 440 km will be hour
x 8
We are given
440 440 1 1
30 min hr
x x 8 2 2
440 ( x 8) 440 x 1 440 x 8 x 1
i.e.
x ( x 8) 2 x x 8 2
2 440 ( x 8 x ) x(x 8)
∴ 880 ( 8 ) = x ( x + 8 )
∴x 2 + 8x = 7040
∴x 2 + 8x – 7040 = 0
∴x 2 + 88x – 80x – 7040 = 0
∴ x ( x + 88) – 80 ( x + 88 ) = 0
∴ ( x – 80 ) ( x + 88 ) = 0
∴ x – 80 = 0 or x + 88 = 0
∴ x = 80 or x = - 88
As speed cannot be negative, x ≠ -88
∴ x = 80
Thus usual speed of train = 80 km / hr
40. The divisor and quotient of the number 6123 are same and the remainder
is half the divisor. Find the divisor.
Ans:- Let the divisor = quotient = x Also, dividend = 6123
x
Remainder = half the divisor =
2
Now, dividend = ( quotient × divisor ) + remainder
x
∴ 6123 = x (x) +
2
∴ 12246 = 2x 2 +x
∴ 2x 2 + x – 12246 = 0
∴ 2x 2 + 157x – 156x – 12246 = 0
∴ x ( 2x + 157 ) – 78 ( 2x + 157 ) = 0
∴ ( x – 78 ) ( 2x + 157 ) = 0
∴ x – 78 = 0 or 2x + 157 = 0
∴ x – 78 or x = - 157 / 2
We discard the negative fraction to get x = 78.
Hence the required divisor is 78.
41. From the same place at 7 am ‘A’ started walking in the north at the speed
of 5 km / hr. After 1 hour ‘B’ started cycling in the east at a speed of 16
km/hr. At what time they will be at distance of 52 km apart from each
other.
Ans:-
Let P be the common starting point. Let ‘A’ reach point A and B reach
point ‘B’ when they are at a distance of 52 km from each other.
Let the time taken by ‘A’ to reach the point A be x hours.
Then the time taken by ‘B’ to reach the point B is x – 1 hours.
Speed of ‘A’ is 5 km/hr and speed of ‘B’ is 16 km / hr, hence the
distances covered by ‘A’ and ‘B’ in km are
PA = 5x and PB = 16 ( x – 1 ) respectively
In right triangle APB,
AB 2 = PA 2 + PB 2
∴ ( 52 ) 2 = ( 5x ) 2 + [ 16 ( x – 1) ] 2
42. One tank can be filled up by two taps in 6 hours. The smaller tap alone
takes 5 hours more than the bigger tap alone. Find the time required by
each tap to fill the tank separately.
Ans:- Let the smaller tank take x hours to fill the tank.
Hence, time taken by the bigger tank to fill the tap = x - 5
1
The work done by smaller tank in 1 hour =
x
1
The work done by bigger tank in 1 hour =
x 5
1 1
Thus, the work done by both in one hour =
x x 5
Now, the tank fills in 6 hours by both the taps.
1
That is both taps together fill th part of the tank in one hour
6
1 1 1
x x 5 6
1 1
i.e. 6 1
x x 5
x 5 x
6 1
x ( x 5)
6 ( 2x 5) x ( x 5)
∴ 12x - 30 = x 2 - 5x
∴x 2 – 17x + 30 = 0
∴x 2 – 15x - 2x + 30 = 0
∴ x ( x – 15 ) - 2 ( x – 15 ) = 0
∴ ( x - 2 ) ( x – 15 ) = 0
∴x-2=0 or x – 15 = 0
∴x=2 or x = 15
Now x = 2 does not satisfy given condition. Hence x = 15
The smaller tape takes 15 hours and the bigger tap takes 15 – 5 = 10
hours to fill the tank alone.
43. Around a square pool there is a footpath of width 2m. If the area of the
5
footpath is times that of the pool, find the area of the pool.
4
Ans:-
∴ 5x 2 – 32x – 64 = 0
∴ 5x 2 – 40x + 8x – 64 = 0
∴ 5x ( x – 8 ) + 8 ( x – 8 ) = 0
∴ ( 5x + 8 ) ( x – 8 ) = 0
∴ 5x + 8 = 0 or x–8=0
∴x=-8/5 or x=8
As length cannot be negative, x ≠ - 8 / 5
∴x=8
i.e. side of the square pool = 8m
Its area = 8 2 = 64 sq. m.