PT.

GEOSERVICES
GEOLOGICAL & LABORATORY
SERVICES DIVISION
Geochemical – Sub Division

Services:
Rock - Oil – Gas Geochemical Analysis
Coal Petrographic Analysis
Study and Interpretation
 Total Organic Biodegradation
GC
TOC Carbon Water Washing
Oxic/Anoxic
Pyrolisis S1,S2, S2 and Mat. Input, Dep.
RE Tmax Enviro, Maturity,
alteration,
Vitrinite Biodegradation
Vro
Reflectance
GCMS

ROCK Kerogen TAS, Kerogen Saturate Mol.Sieve

SAMPLE Typing type I, II or II Source
Oil/gas Prone Isotope
Origin

Extraction Bitumen LC Maturity

Aromatic GCMS Alteration
biodegradation
OIL ASPL+NSO
SAMPLE Isotope

Source Origin

Gas. Comp Dry/wet gas

GAS SAMPLE
Thermogemic/biogenic
Carbon Isotope
diagenetic
 Parameter kekayaan batuan induk
Menurut Waples (1985)
TOC Implikasi batuan induk

<0,5% negligible source capacity

0,5-1,0% possibility of slight source capacity
1,0-2,0% poss. of modest source capacity
>2,0% poss. of good to excellent source
capacity
▪ S1 → Parameter yang menyatakan free hydrocarbon (minyak dan gas) yang
terkandung dalam batuan yang terbentuk bukan karena cracking kerogen pada suhu
3000C
▪ S2 → Parameter yang menyatakan hidrokarbon yang terbentuk karena cracking
kerogen di dalam sampel batuan saat pirolisis pada suhu antara 3000C-6000C. S2 ini
menngindikasikan jumlah hidrokarbon yang dihasilkan batuan induk jika kematangan
thermalnya berlanjut.
▪ S3 → Parameter jumlah CO2 yang dihasilkan batuan yang terbentuk saat cracking
kerogen pada suhu 3000C-3900C selama pirolisis berlangsung. Pada suhu 3000C-3900C,
oksigen yang terkandung dalam kerogen terdekomposisi kemudian menghasilkan CO2
▪ Tmax → Tmax merupakan parameter yang menyatakan suhu temperature maksimum
saat S2 (pembentukan hidrokarbon dari cracking kerogen) mencapai puncak. Tmax
dapat digunakan sebagai parameter kematangan thermal batuan induk.
▪ HI (Hydrogen Index) → Parameter jumlah kandungan hidrogen yang terkandung
dalam kerogen. Semakin besar HI, makin besar potensi kerogen menghasilkan
minyak. HI didapat dari perhitungan S2/TOC x 100 (mgHC/g TOC)
▪ OI (Oxygen Index) → Parameter yang menyatakan jumlah kandungan oksigen
yang terkandung dalam kerogen. OI didapat dari perhitungan S3/TOCx 100
▪ PI (Production Index) → Presentase jumlah hidrokarbon bebas dari total
hidrokarbon pada batuan S1/(S1+S2). Nilai PI akan naik seiring dengan naiknya
tingkat kematangan material kerogen Semakin matang suatu material organik,
maka semakin banyak jumlah material organik yang terkonversi menjadi free
hydrocarbon (S1)
Source Rock Evaluat ion

Source Rock Qualit y TOC Range S1+S2 Range

Poor < 0.5 wt .% < 2.0 mg/g
Fair 0.50 - 1.0 wt .% 2.0 - 5.0 mg/g
Moderat e 1.0 - 2.0 wt .% 2.0 - 5.0 mg/g
Good 2.0 - 3.0 wt .% 5.0 - 10 mg/g
Rich 3.0 - 5.0 wt .% 10 - 20 mg/g
Excellent > 5.0 wt .% > 20 mg/g

Thermal Mat urat ion Scales

Mat urit y Zone % Ro Range Comment s

Immat ure < 0.5%Ro Init ial generat ion of hydrocarbons at 0.35%Ro. Biogenic
met hane is generat ed prior t o t his.
Early Mat ure 0.5 - 0.7%Ro First expulsion phase at 0.65%Ro ±.
Middle Mat ure 0.7 - 0.9%Ro Main phase for generat ion and expulsion of hydrocarbons.
 Simple parameters define petroleum potential of an immature
source rock (after Peters and Cassa, 1994)

Potential TOC Rock-Eval Rock-Eval Bitumen HC

(Quantity) (%) S1 S2 (ppm) (ppm)
Poor <0.5 <0.5 <2.5 <500 <300

Fair 0.5-1 0.5-1 2.5-5 500-1000 300-600

Good 1-2 1-2 5-10 1000-2000 600-1200

V. Good 2-4 2-4 10-20 2000-4000 1200-2400

Excellent >4 >4 >20 >4000 >2400

❑ Pantulan vitrinite telah dipercaya sebagai parameter yang andal (Castano & Sparks, 1974)

❑ Pantulan adalah proporsi sinar normal yang dipantulkan oleh suatu bidang dan
permukaan licin suatu zat tertentu.

❑ Pantulan dinyatakan sebagai persentase sinar terpantul pada permukaan

❑ Untuk pantulan vitrinit, hanya jumlah sinar terpantul dalam panjang gelombang hijau
tampak (green visible wave-length, 546 nm) yang diukur

❑ Jumlah sinar terpantulnya relatif kecil saja, umumnya tidak lebih dari 4%
Oil Window
5800ft
 PT. GEOSERVICES
Geological & Laboratory Services Division
Jl. Mesjid 17, Petukangan Utara, Pesanggrahan, Jakarta 12260, Phone: (021) 7365365, 7365366, Fax: (021) 5846562, email: geolab@geoservices.co.id

VITRINITE REFLECTANCE [Ro%] & KEROGEN COMPOSITION with TAS

Company : Pertamina Well : Wolai-001 Interval : 285-2362 meter
Location : - Sample type : Ditch Cuttings Date of report : 20-feb-2019
Vitrinite Reflectance Kerogen Composition & TAS
Lithology

Kerogen Recovery
Ro% Values Amorphous Liptinite

Non Fluorescent
Formation

Prep. Type

Vitrinite from Caved Fluorescence

Fluorescent

Liptodetrinite
TAS

Plant Debris
Depth MD Cuttings & / or Indigenous Reworked / Oxidized [Batten] Colours
No.

Inertinite

Sporinite
meters

Vitrinite
[blue-light excitation]

Alginite

Cutinite

Resinite
Mudlog or Drilling Mud Vitrinite Vitrinite
Washed Residue
Composite log Additives
Scale Fluo. Liptinite
#R Range Mean #R Range Mean # R Range Mean %
1 -7 amorph. [Herb.]

Clst – Sltst, yelsh gry,

1 285 - 290 KC 43 0.33 0.60 0.45 3/4 - o-do - 15 30 45 1 - - 5 3 1 G
calc

2 498 - 500 KC Sltst, lt olv gry, calc 11 0.36 0.63 0.46 3/4 - do - - 69 25 - - - 2 3 1 M

Sltst - Sst vf, lt olv gry,

3 824 - 826 KC 54 0.37 0.67 0.51 5 0.75 0.80 0.77 3/4 - o-do - - 74 20 - - - 2 1 3 G
calc

4 1082 - 1084 KC Clst, lt olv gry, calc 51 0.37 0.64 0.48 6 0.76 0.87 0.82 3/4 - do - - 75 15 - - 1 4 3 2 G

5 1362 - 1364 KC Clst - Sltst, lt olv, calc 42 0.37 0.68 0.51 3/4 - do - - 75 17 1 - - 2 3 2 G

6 1624 - 1626 KC Sltst, lt olv gry, calc 39 0.38 0.64 0.51 3/4 - o-do - - 70 25 - - - 2 1 2 G
NA Clst, lt olv gry, calc;
7 1634 - 1636 KC Sltst, gnsh gry, calc. 37 0.43 0.69 0.52 3/4 - 4 do do 10 50 20 16 - - - 1 1 2 G
Bulk
8 1694 - 1696 KC Lst, yelsh gry 6 0.75 1.10 0.90 Barren

9 1760 - 1762 KC Lst, yelsh gry Barren Barren

10 1826 - 1828 KC Lst, yelsh gry Barren - do do 90 - 5 - - - - - - 5 VP

11 1890 - 1892 KC Lst, wh - yelsh gry Barren - - - - 70 5 25 - - - - - - M

12 1956 - 1958 KC Lst, yelsh gry Barren - - do 85 - 5 10 - - - - - - VP

DC : Ditch cuttings NDP : No determination possible /no measurable vitrinite Fluo. : Fluorescence Good [G]; moderate [M ]; poor [P]; very poor [VP].
TAS : Thermal alteration scale Barren : No vitrinite present Lipt : Liptinite yo : yellow-orange do : dull orange o : orange
# R : Number of readings NA : Not available Vit. : Vitrinite
Preparation : KC [kerogen concentrates] is : insufficient kerogen Inert. : Inertinite
Rock sample Rock sample Rock sample Rock sample

SOXHLET EXTRACTION
 Sample Inject
Oil Detector
GC trace

Injector Port

Recorder
Flow
Control DISPLAY/RECORDER
FID response v’s. time
“gas chromatogram”/GC
Column

INJECTION
Hypodermic injects
1ml of oil.
Vaporized by high
temperature in Thermostated Oven
injection block. DETECTION
Carrier Gas FID-burns sample (+H2)
in air and measures total
ions produced as a
weak electric current.
SEPARATION
Coiled capillary column
~30-50 m long
separates components
and they elute after
different lengths of time.
 GC-MS ANALYSIS
A MASS CHROMATOGRAM SHOWS COMPOUNDS YIELDING PEAKS
TOO SMALL TO SEE ON A GAS CHROMATOGRAM

nC17
Pristane

nC18 GCMS
Phytane Terpanes (m/z 191)
nC27

GC
Time

GCMS
Steranes (m/z 217)
 C28

Lakustrin

Darat

Tumbuhan
Plankton
tinggi

C27 C29

Diagram segitiga Huang dan Meinschein (1979)

untuk sterana.
Sample ID/Depth *Relative Isotope Value (‰) **Cv

(m) ð¹³C sats ð¹³C aroms

1634-1636 m -27,19 -26,27 -1,18

2308 - 2310 m -29,14 -28,01 -0,11

2318-2320 m -29,67 -28,23 0,74

DST-1 -21,69 -19,59 -0,26

 COAL PETROGRAPHY ANALYSIS

Coal Exploration samples

Coal Production samples
Coal blending samples
Cooking coal product samples
 LIST OF EQUIPMENT & SPECIFICATION
PT. GEOSERVICES
GEOCHEMISTRY

SERVICES DESCRIPTION EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION STATUS

SCREENING
Rock description, cuttings picking Binocular Nikon Stereo, zoom to 100x magnification Inhouse
Organic content determination of rock Leco , Horiba Certified Standard calibration every 10 spls Inhouse
Source rock potential assessment Rock-Eval II Certified Standard calibration every 25 spls Inhouse
Geoscope RRS-6581 Magnification lense with ulta violet light
Early detection of volatile hydrocarbons in rock Inhouse
MATURITY
Polished block for Vitrinite reflectance analysis and Scrath free surface
BUEHLER automate 250 polisher
Coal Petrography Analysis Inhouse
Kerogen slide preparation Fume Hood Inhouse
Vitrinite reflectance analysis, Visual kerogen analysis, LEICA DM 4500 P LED Fossil and Diskus software by Hilgers System
Organic Petrography (Image plane Analysis) Inhouse
ZEISS SCOPE.A1 TIDAS PMT IV system (specimen plane analysis)
Inhouse
ADVANCE GEOCHEMISTRY
Rock extraction Sochlet apparatus by Bucci Extraction with analar grade organic solvent
Inhouse
Ultrasonic Buehler Cold extraction for quick extraction [2 hours]
Inhouse
Solvent evaportion Evaporator [Eyela N.1300], Vacuum pump Rotary, suction and warm water bath operation
Inhouse
Liquid Chromatography [saturate, aromatic, resin and Glass column Separate whole oil or rock extract under gravity
asphalt separation] and specific solvent Inhouse
Eliminate normal alkane on saturate fraction prior Furnace Mol. Sieve Activator Activate molecular sieve trap to 400 ⁰C - 500 ⁰C
GCMS analysis Inhouse
Keep and precipitate asphalt fraction Refrigerator Common refigerator Inhouse
Hydrocarbons characterisation by chromatogram Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatography Equipment Splitless, 4 hours retention time per sample
Inhouse
Hydrocarbons characterisation by Ion Agilent 6890 N Gas Chromatography Equipment & Splitless, 1.5 hours retention time per sample
Fragmentograms 5975 IMSD Inhouse
Stable Carbons Isotope analysis GCIRMS Infra Red Radiaton Subcontarcted