KONTROVERSI
PENGGUNAAN KLOROKUIN
DAN HIDROKSIKLOROKUIN
PADA PASIEN COVID-19
YULISTIANI
DEPARTEMEN FARMASI KLINIK FAK. FARMASI UNAIR
Pendahuluan
Digunakan > 60 tahun untuk terapi : malaria abses hati amuba, dan beberapa
penyakit autoimun seperti Rheumatoid Artritis (RA), lupus, sindroma nefrotik, dll
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Kontroversi
• Di Amerika Serikat dan di Inggris – penggunaan CQ dan HCQ di stop
– dinyatakan tidak efektif – penelitian masih berlangsung !!
AHFS, 2020
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Painvin, 2020
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Struktur kimia
BM = 320 BM = 336
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Metabolit toksik
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• EUA – CQ : 1 g on day 1, then 500 mg daily for 4-7 days of total treatment based on
clinical evaluation. FDA now states that this dosage regimen is unlikely to have an
antiviral effect in pts
• EUA – HCQ : dosage was 800 mg on day 1, then 400 mg daily for 4-7 days of total
treatment based on clinical evaluation. FDA now states that this dosage regimen is
unlikely to have an antiviral effect in pts with COVID-19 based on a reassessment of
in vitro EC50/EC90 data and calculated lung concentrations; it is unclear whether this
dosage regimen would provide any beneficial im-munomodulatory effects.
ESO :
Gangguan mata
(retinopati),
gangguan jantung
(pemanjangan QT),
gangguan ginjal,
liver, dll
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Efektivitas ++ +
Toksisitas ++ +
• Kontra indikasi
• Obat melalui plasenta – studi di hewan coba : kadar
obat tinggi di retina (mata), kadar obat di tali pusar
(fetus) kadar obat pada maternal
• Bukti pada manusia : belum ada laporan -
kontroversial
• Klasifikasi obat pada kehamilan : CQ dan HCQ
masuk kategori D dan X
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Interaksi obat
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Referensi
• ASHP Covid-19, 2020. Assessment of Evidence for COVID-19-Related Treatments:
Updated 6/25/2020
• Badan POM, Buletin Berita MESO 2020, Vol. 39, No. 1, hal. 8-9
• Badan POM. 2020. Informatorium Obat Covid-19 di Indonesia. Jakarta: BPOM RI
• Cortegiani, A., et al. Chloroquine for COVID-19: rationale, facts, hopes, Critical
Care (2020) 24:210, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02932-4
• Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of
COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. Published: May 22,2020
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31180-6
• World Health Organization (WHO) @WHO (25 Mei 2020)
https://twitter.com/WHO/status/1264943375557353472?s=08
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