MODELING AND SIMULATION OF CHEMICAL

REGULATON OF VENTILATION USING

SIMULATION
A Project report submitted for the partial fulfillment of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
BY

V. SANDHYA (Y07EI115)

G.VIJAY SAI (Y07EI122) K.RAMU (Y06EI111)

Y.SRUTHI (Y07EI125)

Under the guidance of

P. DURGA PRASADA RAO, M.Tech.,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

ENGINEERING

V.R.SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Approved By AICTE, Accredited by NBA & ISO 9001:2000 certified)
(AUTONOMOUS)
Kanuru, VIJAYAWADA – 520007
2010-2011
 V.R.SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved By AICTE, Accredited by NBA & ISO 9001:2000 certified)
(AUTONOMOUS)
Kanuru, VIJAYAWADA - 520007

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify this project entitled “MODELING AND SIMULATION OF
CHEMICAL REGULATION OF VENTILATION USING SIMULINK” is a
bonafied record of work done by

V. SANDHYA (Y07EI115)
G.VIJAY SAI (Y07EI122)
Y.SRUTHI (Y07EI125)
K. RAMU (Y06EI111)

Under my guidance and supervision and submitted in as part of project

for the course work of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics &
Instrumentation Engineering during academic year 2010-2011 in this college,
affiliated to Nagarjuna University.

Sri.P.DURGAPRASADA RAO,M.tech, Sri. P.SRINIVAS, M.Tech,

Guide HOD of the department

CONTENTS
Acknowledgement i

Abstract ii

List of Figures iii

List of Tables iv

Chapters

1. Introduction to human physiology 2

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Physiological system 2

1.3 Types of physiological systems 2

1.4 Anatomy of physiological systems 2

1.4.1 Digestive system 3

1.4.2 Respiratory system 4

1.4.3 Circulatory system 10

1.4.4 Nervous system 12

2. Chemical regulation of ventilation 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Ventilation 15

2.3 Control 15

2.4 Parts of ventilator control system 15

3. Modeling 22

3.1 System modeling 22

3.2 Types of system modeling 23

3.3 Components of a system 23

3.4 System modeling uses three elements 24

3.5 Model 24
 3.5.1Use of a model 24

3.5.2 Types of models 24

3.6 Modeling of chemical regulation of a system 26

3.6.1 Gas exchanging portion 26

3.6.2 Respiratory control 28

4. Simulation 30

4.1 Uses of simulation 30

4.2 Limitations of simulation 30

4.3 Advantages and disadvantages of simulation 30

4.3.1 Advantages 30

4.3.2 Disadvantages 31

4.4 Computer languages 31

4.5 Simulation of respiratory system 31

5. Observations 34

6. Conclusions 39

7. References 40
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our profound gratitude to our esteemed guide Sri.P.DURGA

PRASADA RAO, M.Tech, Department of Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering for his guidance during the course of the Project.

We are deeply indebted to Sri. P.SRINIVAS, Head of the Department of

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, for his cooperation given throughout the
Project and K.MOHAN RAO, Principal, for the facilities provided.

We are thankful to all the members of our faculty and lab technicians for their
guidance and suggestions when ever needed in making the Project success.

With the completion of this project report we would like to thank all the
people involved in this project work without whom this project would not have
shaped our expectations.
 V. SANDHYA (Y07EI115)
G.VIJAYSAI (Y07EI122)
Y.SRUTHI (Y07EI125)
K. RAMU (Y06EI111)

ABSTRACT
Physiological control systems are a field of study of regulatory process that
contribute to natural operating characteristics of biological systems. In order to attain
that understanding, the project explains how the methodology of control modeling is
applied to engineering control systems that can be extended to physiological control
systems. Bio-Medical Instrumentation is an expanding and demanding area in which
many fields are available to explore, among which diabetes is a main segment to
address.

Here we develop a automatic respiratory control for a normal person .In order
to develop this we first derive mathematical model and simulate it to get values at
steady state point which act as controller set point and is given to a control valve. so
that we can regulate the breathing.
 ii
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 The Digestive system 3

Figure 1.2 The Respiratory system 5

Figure 1.3 Bronchiole 6

Figure 1.4 Lungs 7

Figure 1.5 Muscles of respiration 9

Figure 1.6 The Heart 11

Figure 1.7 Major internal parts of human body 13

Figure 2.1 Alveoli 16

Figure 2.2 Chemoreceptors 20

Figure 2.3 Regulation 20

Figure 3.1 System model 23

Figure 3.2 Gas exchanging portion 26

Figure 3.3 Respiratory control 26

Figure 4.1 Simulation of respiratory system 32

Figure 5.1 Graphical response of steady state point 34

during normal condition

Figure5.2 Graphical response of ventilator control 35

Output vs ventilation

Figure 5.3 Graphical response of steady state point during inhalation of 36

15% of O2

Figure5.4Graphical response of ventilator control 37

Output vs ventilation iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table5.1: PACO2 versus PAO2 34

Table5. 2: VEOUT versus VEIN 35

Table5. 3: PACO2 versus PAO2 36

Table5 .4: VEOUT versus VEIN 37

iv