RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

TSP221-400

SESSION 01:
PENDAHULUAN

DOSEN:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Prabandiyani, RW., M.Sc
Prof. Dr. Ir. Suripin, M.Eng
Dr. Ir. Ismiyati, MS
Ir. YI. Wicaksono, MS
 • Judul Mata Kuliah
DISKRIPSI
: Metodologi Penelitian
• Nomor Kode/sks : TSP 221 400/2 sks
MATA KULIAH • Diskripsi Singkat :

Mata Kuliah ini membahas tentang hakekat ilmu dan penelitian, PKM,
skema PKM, penelitian sebagai proses ilmiah, proposal PKM,
konspetualisasi masalah, hipotesis, disain penelitian, kajian pustaka,
metode pengumpulan dan analisis data, dan analisis uji hipotesis.
Penulisan laporan penelitian, serta menyiapkan bahan presentasi hasil
penelitian

• Standar Kompetensi (SK):

Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa akan mampu
menyusun berbagai jenis proposal PKM, melaksanakan PKM, serta
menyusun laporan kegiatan PKM, dan menulis artikel ilmiah untuk
publikasi dan/atau seminar.
 RPS SESSION
1 Pendahuluan
TOPICS
Semester Lesson Plan
2 Menulis Proposal
3 Kajian Pustaka
4 Merumuskan Permasalahan dan Tujuan
5 Metode Penelitian
6 Pengumpulan dan Pemrosesan Data
7 Sitasi dan Referensi
8 Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
9 Menulis Laporan
10 Menulis Artikel Ilmiah
11 Program Kreatifitas Mahasiswa (PKM)-1
12 Program Kreatifitas Mahasiswa (PKM)-2
13 Pertemuan Ilmiah Mahasiswa National (PIMNAS)
14 Presentasi Tugas Kelompok-1
15 Presentasi Tugas Kelompok-2
16 Final Exam (UAS)
 1. Pedoman PKM (2020). Direktorat Kemahasiswaan. Direktorat Jenderal Pembelajaran
REFFERENCES 2.
dan Kemahasiswaan, Kementeriak Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (atau terbaru)
Panduan Pelaksanaan PIMNAS ke 33 tahun 2020 (atau terbaru)
3. Bungin (2007). Penelitian Kualitatif, Pranada Group, Jakarta
4. Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners 3rd ed.
SAGE, Long Angeles.
5. Gulo, W. (2003). Metodologi Penelitian. Grasindo, Jakarta.
6. Kothari, CR. (2004). Research Methodology. New Age, New Delhi.
7. Kuncoro (2001). Penelitian Kuantitatif. Yogyakarta
8. Nazir, M. (2003). Metode Penelitian. Galia Indonesia, Jakarta.
9. Pedoman PKM (2021). Direktorat Kemahasiswaan. Direktorat Jenderal Pembelajaran
dan Kemahasiswaan, Kementeriak Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (atau terbaru)
10. Panduan Pelaksanaan PIMNAS ke 34 tahun 2021 (atau terbaru)
11. Saunders (2000). Research Methods for Bussiness Srudents. Prentice Hall
 Research is often described as an investigation process
carried out actively, diligently, and systematically, which
RESEARCH? aims to find, interpret, and revise facts.

Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning knowledge)

is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes
knowledge in the form of testable explanations and
predictions about the universe.

A scientist is also a researcher as he tests hypothesis

and verifies observations and facts. A researcher is a
generic term for a person who may study a subject for a
better understanding of facts, and he may be a scientist
or a scholar in his field.
 • Research is a careful investigation or inquiry specially
MEANING OF trough search for new facts in any branch of knowledge
RESEARCH (Advance Learner’s Dictionary, 1952)

• Research is a systematized effort to gain new

knowledge (Redman and Mory, 1923)

• Research can be defined as seeking theory, theory

examination, or problem solution

• Research is systematic, controlled, empirical, and

critical investigation of hypotetical proposition about the
presumed relations among natural phenomena.
Characteristics of According to Randall and Buchker (1942) suggested some
general characteristics of science including:
Science
• The results of science are accumulative and are shared
property;
• The results of the science of truth are not absolute and
mistakes can occur because those who investigate are
humans;

• Science is objective, meaning that the work procedure or

how to use the scientific method does not depend on the
person who uses it, does not depend on personal
understanding.
 • Research methodology is a way to systematically solve
RESEARCH the reseach problem
METHODOLOGY • It is studying how research is done scientifically
• Reserch methodology covers not only research methods
but also consider the logic behind the methodes we use
and explain why we are using particular method and why
we are not using others so that research results are
capable of being evaluated either by the researcher
himself or by others.
 • To discover answers to questions through the application
OBJECTIVES OF of scientific procedures.
RESEARCH • To find out the truth which is hidden and which has not
been discovered as yet.
• To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it (exploratory or formulative research)
• To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or group (descriptive research)
• To determine the frequency with which something occurs
or with which it is associated with something else
(diagnostic research)
• To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between
variables (hypothesis-testing research)
 • Desire to get a research degree along with it
MOTIVATION IN consequential benefits;
RESEARCH
• Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved
problems;
• Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative
work;
• Desire to be of service to society;
• Desire to get respectability.
 • Eksploratif : berhubungan dengan pertanyaan
“apa”
• Deskriptif : berhubungan dengan pertanyaan
“bagaimana”
TIPE • Eksplanatif : berhubungan dengan pertanyaan
PENELITIAN “mengapa”
• Eksperimen : data belum ada, perlu percoban
dan pembuktian
THE RESEARCH OUT PUT

Invention
Discovery
Innovation
Improvement

Application
 1 Descriptive vs Analytical
TYPES OF
RESEARCH 2 Applied vs Fundamental

3 Quantitative vs Qualitative

4 Conceptual vs Empirical

5 Field-setting vs laboratory
Versi Dikti:
6 Clinical vs diagnostic
1. Pen. Dasar
7 Exploratory, historical, etc 2. Pen. Terapan
3. Pen. Difusi
 Descriptive research:
DESCRIPTIVE • Survey and facts finding enquiries of different kinds
VS ANALYTICAL
• Description of the state of affairs as it exists at present
RESEARCH
• Researcher has no control over the variables

Analytical research:
• Researcher has to use facts or information already
available
• Analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material
 Applied research:
APPLIED VS • Finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an
FUNDAMENTA industrial/bussiness organisation
L RESEARCH • To discover a solution for some pressing practical problem

Fundamental research:
• Concerning with generalizations and with the formulation of a
theory
• Finding information that has a broad base of application and thus,
adds to the already existing organized body of scientific knowledge
 Quantitative research:
QUANTITATIVE • Based on the measurement of quantity or amount
VS QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH • Applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms
of quantity.

Qualitative research:
• Concerned with qualitative phenomenon; phenomena
relating to or involving quality of kind
• Important in the behavioral sciences where the aim is to
discover the underlying motives of human behavior
 Conceptual research:
CONCEPTUAL VS
• Related to some abstract idea(s) or theory
EMPIRICAL
• Generally used by philosophers or thinkers to develop new
RESEARCH concepts or reinterpret existing ones

Empirical research:
• Relies on experiences or observation alone, often without due
regard for system or theory
• It is also called experimental research, the researcher must first
provide hypothesis or guess as to the probable results. Then he
works to gets enough facts (data) to prove or disprove his
hypothesis.
 RESEARCH 1. Research methods may be understood as all those
METHODS VS methods/techniques that are used for conduction of
METHODOLOGY (1/2) research.
2. Research methods refer to the methods the researchers
use in performing research operations.
3. There are three groups of research methods:
Methods concerned with the data collection
Methods used for establishing relationships between the data
and the unknowns, or methods of data analysis
Methods used to evaluate the accuracy of the results
 RESEARCH 4. Research methodology is a way to systematically
METHODS VS solve the research problem.
METHODOLOGY 5. It is studying how research is done scientifically.
(2/2)
6. Research methodology covers not only research
methods but also consider the logic behind the
methods we use and explain why we are using
particular method and why we are not using
others so that research results are capable of
being evaluated either by the researcher himself
or by others.
 Two basic research approaches:
RESEARCH 1. Quantitative approach
APPROACHES involves generation of data in quantitative form
which can be subject to rigorous quantitative
analysis in a formal and rigid fashion

2. Qualitative approach
Concerned with subjective assessment of attitudes,
opinions, and behavior.
 1. Inferential (dapat disimpulkan)
QUANTITATI • Usually means survey research where a sample of population
VE is studied to determine its characteristics, and it is then
inferred that the population has the same characteristics
APPROACH 2. Experimental (percobaan)
• Greater control over the research environment and in this
case some variables are manipulated to observe their effect
on other variables
3. Simulation
• Involves the construction of artificial environment within
which relevant information and data can be generated
• Refer to the operation of numerical model that represent the
dynamic process
• Can be useful in building models for understanding future
conditions
 1. The purpose of the research is clearly defined.
CRITERIA OF
GOOD 2. The research procedure used is described in sufficient
RESEARCH (1/2) detail to permit another researchers to repeat the
research for further advancement.
3. The procedural design of the research is carefully
planned to yield results as objective as possible.
4. The data analysis is sufficiently adequate. The validity
and reliability are checked carefully.
5. ......
 CRITERIA OF 5. The finding is reported completely.
GOOD 6. Conclusion is confined to those justify by the data of
RESEARCH (2/2) the research and limited to those for which the data
provide an adequate basis.
7. Greates confidence in research is warranted if the
researche is experienced, has a good reputation in
research and is a person of integrity.
 1. Lack of scientific training in the methodology of research
PROBLEM
ENCOUNTERED BY 2. Insufficient interaction between the university research
THE RESEARCHERS departments and business establishment, government
(in Indonesia) departments, and research institutions.
3. Research study overlapping one another are undertaken
quite often for want of adequate information.
4. Library management and functioning is not satisfactorily.
5. The difficulty of timely availability of published data from
various government and other agencies.
 Research process consists of series of actions of steps necessary to effectively
carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps:
RESERACH 1. Formulating the research problem
PROCESS 2. Extensive literature survey
3. Development of working hypothesis
4. Preparing the research design
5. Determining sample design
6. Collecting the data
7. Execution of the project
8. Analysis the data
9. Hypothesis testing
10. Generalisation & interpretation, and
11. Preparation of the report.
FLOWCHART OF RESEARCH PROCESS
Natural
Feed back (helps in The value and
FB controlling the sub-system to
DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM true models
which it is transmitted)

Review
Reviews
previous
concepts and
reseach
theories
finding

FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS

DESIGN RESEARCH Data: imperfect value,

FB

(including sample design)

FF
incomplete
COLLECT DATA Nature is viewed through the experimental
(Execution) window and learning progresses by iterating

FF
FB

between experimental design, data collection,

DATA ANALYSIS and data analysis in each cycle, one may
(test hypothesis if any) formulate a new hypothesis, add or drop
variables, change experimental setting, and
FB

try new method of data analysis

Interpret and report

FF Feed forward (serves the vital function of providing criteria for evaluation)
 DISCUSSION
???
??