Dari nilai speed constant dapat ditentukan prosentase luas dari tiap station
terhadap luas midship (Am) dan letak titik tekan keatas (LCB) sebagai
prosentase dari panjang Ldisp
Untuk single screw Ldisp = ½ (Lwl + Lpp) [feet]
Untuk twin screw Ldisp = Lwl [feet]
Bila hanya Lpp yang diketahui maka Lwl = Lpp + …..% Lpp , atau panjang Lwl
ditentukan.
Luas midship :
Am = B x T x β [m2]
β diperoleh dari diagram NSP (diperiksa: φ = δ / β )
Letak titik tekan keatas (LCB) diperoleh dengan pertolongan garis lengkung
b, sebagai prosentase dari panjang Ldisp dan diukur dari tengah panjang
Ldisp (disp).
Titik tekan keatas pada lengkung b memberikan bentuk kapal dengan
hambatan yang kecil dan propulsive coefficient yang baik. Jika diperlukan
pergeseran LCB memanjang maka lengkung a dan c merupakan batas yang
diperbolehkan.
.
..
...
18
19
20
B) Metode Hamlin
Menentukan Harga CPA dan CPF
Coefficient Prismatic Aft (CPA) dan Coefficient Prismatik Fore (CPF) bisa
ditentukan dengan memplot harga LCB dan harga CP pada diagram hamlin.
7) Dari tersebut dibuat garis dibawah Ldisp ( sejajar dengan Ldisp ) dengan
ukuran ½ Lwl kekiri dan ½ Lwl kekanan pada arah horizontal.
a. Ujung kanan dari garis Lwl merupakan Fore Perpendicular
(FP) dari kapal., FP ini dipakai sebagai acuan dalam
pembuatan garis Lpp.
b. Buat garis Lpp yang dimulai dari titik Fp tadi yang ditarik garis
bantu kebawah, lalu kita gambarkan garis horizontal kekiri
sepanjang Lpp
8) Setelah Kita menggambar Lpp, kita bagi Lpp menjadi 20 bagian /
station dan pada station 0 (bagian paling kiri )merupakan After
Perpendicular (AP) dan pada stataion 10 merupakan midship kapal
yang sesungguhnya.
9) Antara Ldisp dan Lwl pada gambar kita lihat ada perbedaan panjang
( Lwl > Ldisp ), sehingga ada penambahan station ( -1; -2) .maka grafik
CSA kita fairkan sesuai panjang Lwl.
10)Dengan menggunakan axis Lpp pada tiap station tersebut kita tarik
garis keatas memotong kurva CSA , maka perpotongan tadi kita ukur
nilai luasan yang yang baru untuk tiap stationnya.
TRANSFORMASI CSA
4φ - 1Prohaska :
4 δ−1
b = . x , untuk CSA bentuk concav (cekung)
6δ
3 δ −1
= . x , untuk CSA bentuk convex (cembung)
4δ
x = 1 = tinggi CSA dalam skala panjang.
a = jarak vertikal titik berat ke bagian atas CSA
b = jarak vertikal titik berat ke garis dasar CSA.
T : 8.4 m
Cb(pp) : 0.69
Type : Semi Container
Metode : NSP
Dari ukuran utama kapal tersebut diatas dapat dihitung komponen-komponen yang lain
yang dipakai dalam penggambaran rencana garis kapal :
= 13331.727 meter2
2.4 Radius Bilga (R)
Radius Bilga adalah jari – jari lengkung bagian yang menghubungkan
antara bagian samping dan bagian dasar kapal, radius bilga dapat dirumuskan
sebagai:
R = 0.16T
= 0.16 x 8.4
= 1.344 meter
Lebar (B)
Gambar 1.
Luas
penampang
melintang
Sarat (T) A midship
pada bagian
R tengah kapal
Mengacu pada persentase luasan yang didapat dari NSP diagram yang dikalikan
dengan luasan midship dari kapal , maka diperoleh luasan kapal pada tiap stationnya
( tabel 1 ).
A Station A Station
Station % A Station
Skala 1:100 Skala 1:250
0 0.000 0.000 0.000
1 10.000 16.050 6.420
2 27.307 43.829 17.531
3 48.077 77.165 30.866
4 67.307 108.030 43.212
5 81.923 131.489 52.596
6 91.154 146.305 58.522
7 96.923 155.565 62.226
8 98.846 158.651 63.460
9 100.000 160.503 64.201
10 100.000 160.503 64.201
11 100.000 160.503 64.201
12 100.000 160.503 64.201
13 97.692 156.799 62.720
14 93.461 150.008 60.003
15 83.704 134.348 53.739
16 70.000 112.352 44.941
17 50.741 81.441 32.576
18 30.000 48.151 19.260
19 10.741 17.240 6.896
20 0.000 0.000 0.000
7) Dari tersebut dibuta garis dibawah Ldisp ( sejajar dengan Ldisp ) dengan ukuran ½
Lwl kekiri dan ½ Lwl kekanan pada arah horizontal.
i. Ujung kanan dari garis Lwl merupakan Fore Perpendicular (FP) dari
kapal., FP ini dipakai sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan garis Lpp.
ii. Buat garis Lpp yang dimulai dari titik Fp tadi yang ditarik garis bantu
kebawah, lalu kita gambarkan garis horizontal kekiri sepanjang Lpp
8) Setelah Kita menggambar Lpp, kita bagi Lpp menjadi 20 bagian / station dan
pada station 0 (bagian paling kiri )merupakan After Perpendicular (AP) dan pada
stataion 10 merupakan midship kapal yang sesungguhnya.
9) Antara Ldisp dan Lwl pada gambar kita lihat ada perbedaan panjang ( Lwl > L disp ),
maka grafik CSA kita fairkan sesuai panjang Lwl.
10) Dengan menggunakan axis Lpp pada tiap station tersebut kita tarik garis keatas
memotong kurva CSA , maka perpotongan tadi kita ukur , maka diperoleh CSA
Perpendicular atau CSA.
a. Karena terjadi penambahan, maka CSA Perpendicular atau CSA perlu
dilakukan koreksi terhadap volume dan letak LCB nya.
Koreksi Volume dan LCB
Faktor
Faktor A Station.
Station A Station A Station.FS Momen
Simpson (FS) FS.FM
(FM)
-2 0.000 0.4 0.000 -10.8 0.000
-1 4.585 1.6 7.336 -10.4 -76.294
AP 9.595 1.4 13.433 -10 -134.330
1 29.588 4 118.350 -9 -1065.150
2 62.373 2 124.745 -8 -997.960
3 94.078 4 376.310 -7 -2634.170
4 121.263 2 242.525 -6 -1455.150
5 139.508 4 558.030 -5 -2790.150
6 151.525 2 303.050 -4 -1212.200
7 157.385 4 629.540 -3 -1888.620
8 159.590 2 319.180 -2 -638.360
9 160.503 4 642.012 -1 -642.012
10 160.503 2 321.006 0 0.000
11 160.503 4 642.012 1 642.012
12 159.615 2 319.230 2 638.460
13 155.010 4 620.040 3 1860.120
14 146.245 2 292.490 4 1169.960
15 128.420 4 513.680 5 2568.400
16 104.760 2 209.520 6 1257.120
17 73.158 4 292.630 7 2048.410
18 39.343 2 78.685 8 629.480
19 13.340 4 53.360 9 480.240
FP 0.000 1 0.000 10 0.000
1 6677.164 2 -2240.194
METODE HAMLIN
Diketahui sebuah kapal dengan ukuran sebagai berikut:
Tipe kapal : General Cargo
Lpp : 94.5 m
B : 17 m
T : 7.2 m
H : 9.1 m
V : 14 kn = 7,2016 m/s 1 knot = 0,5144 m/s
Lwl : (Lpp + (2 – 2,5 % Lpp)) = 96,86 m
v
Fn = √ g. Lpp v = kecepatan (m/s)
2
g = gravitasi ( m/s )
7,2016
= √10.94,5 = 0,234 Lpp = jarak AP - FP (m)
Dari harga CP dan LCB tersebut kemudian diplotkan ke dalam grafik Hamlin
berikut ini :
(Lcb/Lpp)*100%
untuk Lcb yang bernilai negatif untuk Lcb yang bernilai positif
Dari perpotongan garis LCB dengan Cp, kemudian ditarik garis sejajar dengan
kurva sebelah kiri (CPA) dan sebelah kanan (CPF).
(Lcb/Lpp)*100% = (-0,286/94,5)*100% = -0,302 (garis merah)
Cp = 0,613 (untuk garis kuning)
Di dapat :
Cp After = 0,62 (untuk garis biru muda)
Cp Fore = 0,60 (untuk garis hijau)
Dari harga CFAdan CPF yang didapatkan tersebut, kemudian dimasukkan ke
dlam grafik berikut ini:
Cp after = 0,62
Cp Fore = 0,60
∑I = 4542,817
∑II = -274,980
KOREKSI DISPLASEMEN
Volume displasemen pada tabel
1
V = 3 xhx
∑I
1
= 3 x 4,725 x 4542,817
3
= 7154,936775 m
Volume displasemen teori (Vwl)
= Lwl * B * T *
CbWL
Lpp CbPP
=
Lwl CbWL →
Lwl∗Cb PP
CbWL = Lpp
96,86∗0,588
= 94,25 = 0,603
Vwl = Lwl * B * T *
CbWL
= 96,86 * 17*7,2*0,603
3
= 7145,224271 m
Besarnya koreksi =
Volume displasemen dari CSA−( Lwl∗B∗T∗Cb wl )
Lwl∗B∗T∗Cbwl * 100% ≤ 0.5%
7154, 936775−7154 ,224271
⋅100 %
7154, 224271
= 0,14 %
Keterangan :
Cbwl = Koefisien Blok sepanjang Lwl (END – FP)
Lwl = Length Water Line (END – FP) dalam meter (m)
−0 , 286−(−0 , 286)
[ −0 , 286 ]
/ 94 ,5∗100 %
= 0,003%
I.3. Rangkuman
1) CSA ( Curve of Sectional Area) merupakan kurva yang menunjukan
luasan kapal tiap – tiap station.
2) Metode Pembuatan CSA Bisa Dengan metode NSP Dan
Metode Hamlin.
I.4. Referensi
1) Watson, D.G.M., “Practical Ship Design”, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998.
2) Schneekluth, H., Bertram V., “Ship Design for Efficiency and
Economy”,2nd Ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1998.
3) Carlton, J.S., “Marine Propellers and Propulsion”, Butterworth-
Heinemann, Oxford, 1994.
4) Guldhammer, H.E., “FORMDATA, Some Systematically Varied Ship
Forms and Their Hydrostatic Data”, Danish Technical Press,
Copenhagen, 1962
5) Guldhammer, H.E., “FORMDATA II, Hydrostatic Data for Ship Forms
of Full and Finer Type – Hydrostatic Data – Trimmed Conditions”,
Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 1963
6) Guldhammer, H.E., “FORMDATA III, Hydrostatic Data, Tanker and
Bulbous Bow Series – Wetted Surface – Comparisons with Other
Series and Existing Ships”, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen,
1967
7) Guldhammer, H.E., “FORMDATA IV, Hydrostatic Data for Transom
Stern Series of Varied Stern Breadths”, Danish Technical Press,
Copenhagen, 1969
8) Guldhammer, H.E., “FORMDATA V, Hydrostatic Data for Fishing
Boat Forms”, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 1973
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I.7. Jawaban
Panjang garis air (Length on water line) (Lwl)
Lwl = (1 + 4 %)Lpp
= (0,04)125,1
= 125,320 meter
Panjang Displacement (Length of Displacement) (L.disp.)
1
Ldisp.= 2 (Lwl + Lpp)
1
= 2 (125,320 + 120,500)
= 122,910 meter
Volume Displacement (V Disp)
Vdisp = Lpp x B x T Cb( δ )pp
= 120,500 x 19,30 x 8,40 x 0,69
= 13479,467 m3
Menentukan radius bilga
R = 0.16 x T
= 0.16 x 8,40
= 1,344 meter
Luasan Midship (MidShip section Area)(AM)
AMidship= B T – 2 ( R2 – 1/4 π R2 )
= 19,30 x 8,40 – 2 ( 1,344 )2 – 1/4 x 3,14 x ( 1,344 )2
= 161,343 m2
Cp(ϕ )= Cb Disp / Cm
= 0.676 / 0,995
= 0.680
Statio
% A Station A Station
n
0 0.000 0.000
1 10.000 16.134
2 27.307 44.058
3 48.077 77.569
4 67.307 108.595
5 81.923 132.177
6 91.154 147.071
7 96.923 156.379
8 98.846 159.481
9 100.000 161.343
10 100.000 161.343
11 100.000 161.343
12 100.000 161.343
13 97.692 157.619
14 93.461 150.793
15 83.704 135.051
16 70.000 112.940
17 50.741 81.867
18 30.000 48.403
19 10.741 17.330
20 0.000 0.000
∑ 6710,435 ∑ -2258,154
Koreksi-koreksi :
Vsimp - VDisp 13476,789−13479,467
| |×100%=| |×100%=
Volume = VDisp 13479,467
0,0199 %