Presents
AIEEE – 2011
S O L U T I O N
South Delhi : 47–B, Kalu Sarai, New Delhi – 110016 • Ph.: 011–42707070, 46080611/12
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CODE P
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Immediately fill in the particulars on this page of the Test Booklet with Blue/Block Ball Point Pen,
Use of pencil is strictly prohibited.
2. The answer Sheet is kept inside this Test Booklet. When you are directed to pen the Test Booklet,
take out the Answer Sheet and fill in the particulars carefully.
3. The test is of 3 hours duration.
4. The Test Booklet consists of 90 questions. The maximum marks are 360.
5. There are three parts in the question paper A, B, C consisting of Chemistry, Physics and
Mathematics having 30 questions in each part of equal weight age. Each question is allotted 4
(four) marks for each correct response.
6. Candidates will be awarded marks as stated above in instruction No. 5 for correct response of each
question ¼ (one fourth) marks will be deducted for indicating incorrect response of each question.
No deduction from the total score will be made if no response is indicated for an item in the answer
sheet.
7. There is only one correct response for each question. Filling up more than one response in each
question will be treated as wrong response and marks for wrong response will be deducted
accordingly as per instruction 6 above.
8. Use Blue/Black Ball Point Pen only for writing particulars/marking responses on Side–1 and Side–2
of the Answer Sheet. Use of pencil is strictly prohibited.
9. No candidate is allowed to carry any textual material, printed to written, bits of papers, pager,
mobile phone, any electronic device, etc., except the Admit Card inside the examination hall/room.
10. Rough work is to be done on the space provided for this purpose in the Test Booklet only. This
space is given at the bottom of each page and in 3 pages (Page 21 – 23) at the end of the booklet.
11. On completion of the test, the candidate must hand over the Answer Sheet to the Invigilator on duty
in the Room/Hall. However, the candidates are allowed to take away this Test Booklet with them.
12. The CODE for this Booklet is P. Make sure that the CODE printed on Side–2 of the Answer Sheet is
the same as that on this booklet. In case of discrepancy, the candidate should immediately report
the matter to the Invigilator for replacement of both the Test Booklet and the answer sheet.
13. Do not fold or make any stray marks on the Answer Sheet.
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(2) MgO < K2O < Al2O3 < Na2O Sol.: It is an inner orbital complex as the d-orbital
(3) Na2O < K2O < MgO < Al2O3 involved in hybridization belongs to
(4) K2O < Na2O < Al2O3 < MgO penultimate shell.
Key: (1)
Sol.: Metallic property increases down the group and 16. The structure of IF7 is
decreases across a period when moved from left (1) square pyramid
to right. (2) trigonal bipyramid
(3) octahedral
12. A gas absorbs a photon of 355 nm and emits at (4) pentagonal bipyramid
two wavelengths. If one of the emissions is at Key: (4)
680 nm, the other is at: Sol.: pentagonal bipyramidal shape.
(1) 1035 nm (2) 325 nm F
(3) 743 nm (4) 518 nm
Key: (3) F
Sol.: Energy of absorbed photon = Sum of the
energies of emitted photons F
hc hc hc F I sp3d3
−9
= −9
+
355 × 10 680 × 10 x
⇒ x = 742.77 × 10–9m i.e. 743 nm. F
F
13. Which of the following statements regarding
sulphur is incorrect? F
(1) S2 molecule is paramagnetic.
(2) The vapour at 200°C consists mostly of S8 17. The rate of a chemical reaction doubles for
rings. every 10°C rise of temperature. If the
(3) At 600°C the gas mainly consists of S2 temperature is raised by 50°C, the rate of the
molecules. reaction increases by about :
(4) The oxidation state of sulphur is never less (1) 10 times (2) 24 times
than +4 in its compounds. (3) 32 times (4) 64 times
Key: (4) Key: (3)
Sol.: Oxidation state of sulphur ranges between –2 to Sol.: rate of reactions increases by
+6 in different compounds. (temp. coef.)no. of interval of 10ºC
=25 = 32 times.
14. The entropy change involved in the isothermal
reversible expansion of 2 mole of an ideal gas 18. The strongest acid amongst the following
from a volume of 10 dm3 to a volume of 100 compounds is :
dm3 at 27°C is: (1) CH3COOH
(1) 38.3 J mol-1 K-1 (2) 35.8 J mol-1 K-1 (2) HCOOH
(2) 32.3 J mol-1 K_1 (4) 42.3 J mol-1 K-1 (3) CH3CH2CH(Cl)CO2H
Key: (1) (4) ClCH2CH2CH2COOH
v Key: (3)
Sol.: ∆s = 2.303nR log f
vi Sol.: Presence of one –I effect chlorine at α-carbon
increases the acid strength significantly.
100
= 2.303× 2 × 8.314 log
10 19.
Identify the compound that exhibits
= 38.294 ≈ 38.3 J mol–1K–1. tautomerism :
(1) 2-butene (2) Lactic acid
15. Which of the following facts about the complex (3) 2-Pentanone (4) Phenol
[Cr(NH3)6]Cl3 is wrong? Key: (3)
(1) The complex involves d2sp3 hybridisation O
Tautomerisation
O H
and is octahedral in shape. H3C C CH2 CH2 CH3 H3C C CH CH2 CH3
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20. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a Sol.: Cl− is a weak field ligand and therefore d8 ion
pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is will have two unpaired electron.
converted into CO on the addition of graphite.
If the total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8 atm, µ = n ( n + 2 ) = 2 × 4 = 8 = 2.82 B.M.
the value of K is :
(1) 1.8 atm (2) 3 atm 24. In a face centred cubic lattice, atom A occupies
(3) 0.3 atm (4) 0.18 atm the corner positions and atom B occupies the
Key: (1) face centre positions. If one atom of B is
Sol.: CO 2( g ) + C( g )
1000K
2CO( g ) missing from one of the face centred points, the
formula of the compound is :
initial pressure 0.5atm 0 (1) A2B (2) AB2
final pressure (0.5–x)atm 2x atm (3) A B
2 3 (4) A2B5
total pressure at equil = pCO2 + pCO Key: (4)
1
=(0.5 – x) + 2x = 0.8 atm (Given) Sol.: No. of atoms in the corners (A) = 8 × = 1
⇒ x = 0.3 atm. 8
1
(p ) No. of atom at face centres (B) = 5 × = 2.5
2
∴ Equil const Kp = CO 2
pCO2 Formula AB2.5 i.e. A2B5
( 0.6 )
2
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O Key. (3)
|| e −λt1
Sol.: CH 3CH 2 O − Na + + CH 3 − C – Cl ⎯⎯
→ Sol. =2
e −λt 2
O ln2
|| ⇒ t 2 − t1 = = T1 = 20 min .
λ
CH3 – C –O–CH2 CH3 + NaCl 2
29. The degree of dissociation (α) of a weak 33. A mass M, attached to a horizontal spring,
electrolyte, AxBy is related to van’t Hoff factor executes SHM with amplitude A1. When the
(i) by the expression mass M passes through its mean position then a
i −1 smaller mass m is placed over it and both of
(1) α = them move together with amplitude A2. The
( x + y − 1)
⎛ A1 ⎞
i −1 ratio of ⎜ ⎟ is
(2) α =
x + y +1 ⎝ A2 ⎠
x + y −1 M M+m
(3) α = (1) (2)
i −1 M+m M
1 1
x + y +1 ⎛ M ⎞ 2
⎛M+m⎞ 2
(4) α = (3) ⎜ ⎟ (4) ⎜ ⎟ .
i −1 ⎝M+m⎠ ⎝ M ⎠
Key: (1) Key. (4)
Sol.: AxBy ⎯⎯ → xA y + + yBx − k
Sol. COM ⇒ MA1 = (M + m)V
1–α xα yα M
Van’t Hoff factor ‘i’ = 1 - α + xα + yα k
i −1 Also V = A 2 .
∴ α= M+m
( x + y − 1) ∴ (4).
30. Silver Mirror test is given by which one of the 34. Energy required for the electron excitation in
following compounds? Li++ from the first to the third Bohr orbit is
(1) Acetaldehyde (2) Acetone (1) 12.1 eV (2) 36.3 eV
(3) Formaldehyde (4) Benzophenone (3) 108.8 eV (4) 122.4 eV.
Key: (1) or (3) Key. (3)
+
Sol.: R – CHO + Ag ( NH 3 )2 + OH − → ⎛1 1⎞
Sol. ∆U = 13.6(3) 2 ⎜ 2 − 2 ⎟ = 108.8 eV
RCOO − + Ag + NH +4 . ⎝1 3 ⎠
∴ (3).
PHYSICS
35. The transverse displacement y (x, t) of a wave
31. 100 g of water is heated from 30ºC to 50ºC. on a string is given by
Ignoring the slight expansion of the water, the
y(x, t) = e − (ax + bt + 2 ab xt )
2 2
∆R ∆l x x
∴ =2 Tanθ = =
R l l − 4x
2 2 l
∴ (2).
Tcosθ θ
2 2
43. Three perfect gases at absolute temperatures T1, l -4x
2
T2 and T3 are mixed. The masses of molecules Kq Tsinθ 2
are m1, m2 and m3 and the number of molecules Fe= 2
x x x
are n1, n2 and n3 respectively. Assuming no loss 2 2
of energy, the final temperature of the mixture mg
is x kq 2
= 2
(T1 + T2 + T3 ) l x mg
(1)
3 kq 2 l
n1T1 + n 2 T2 + n 3T3 x3 = …(i)
(2) mg
n1 + n 2 + n 3
x3 ∝ q2
n1T12 + n 2 T22 + n 3T33 dx dq
(3) 3x 2 ∝ 2q
n1T1 + n 2 T2 + n 3T3 dt dt
n12 T12 + n 22 T22 + n 3T33 x ⋅v∝q
2
(4) .
n1T1 + n 2 T2 + n 3T3 −
1
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(3) −
6Gm
(4) −
9Gm
. 6 3 + 8 3 + (10) 2
r r
Key. (4) α = 60º.
Sol. So, µ1 sin α = µ2 sin β
m 4m 2 × sin 60 = 3 sin β
β = 45º .
x (r-n)
∴ (2)
r
Let gravitational field at P is zero
50. Two particles are executing simple harmonic
Gm G × 4m
= motion of the same amplitude A and frequency
x 2 (r = n) 2 ω along the x–axis. Their mean position is
r separated by distance X0 (X0 > A). If the
x=
4 maximum separation between them is (X0 + A),
Now potential at P the phase difference between their motion is
Gm G(4m) π π
VP − = − (1) (2)
x (r − n) 2 3
Gm 4Gm π π
=− − (3) (4) .
(r / 3) (2r / 3) 4 6
Key. (2)
9Gm
=− .
r
∴ (4).
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56. A mass m hangs with the help of a string (1) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is
wrapped around a pulley on a frictionless False.
bearing. The pulley has mass m and radius R. (2) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is
Assuming pulley to be a perfect uniform True; Statement – 2 is a correct
circular disc, the acceleration of the mass m, if explanation for Statement – 1.
the string does not slip on the pulley, is (3) Statement – 1 is True, Statement – 2 is
3 True; Statement – 2 is not the correct
(1) g (2) g explanation for Statement – 1.
2
2 g (4) Statement – 1 is False, Statement – 2 is
(3) g (4) . True.
3 3 Key. (4)
Key. (3)
Sol. K max = hv − w
Sol. Equations of motion are
mg – T = ma …(i) and K max = eVS .
1 ∴ (4)
and T ⋅ R = mR 2 α …(ii)
2
and a = Rα …(iii) 59. A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis
2 by a force F = (20t – 5t2) Newton (where t is
Solving a = g . measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If
3 the moment of inertia of the pulley about its
∴ (3) axis of rotation is 10 kg m2, the number of
rotations make by the pulley before its direction
57. A water fountain on the ground sprinkles water of motion if reversed, is
all around it. If the speed of water coming out (1) less than 3
of the fountain is v, the total area around the (2) more than 3 but less than 6
fountain that gets wet is (3) more than 6 but less than 9
v2 v4 (4) more than 9.
(1) π (2) π 2
g g Key. (2)
π v4 v2 τ
(3) (4) π . Sol. α = = 4t − t 2
2 g2 g2 I
dω
Key. (2) ⇒ = 4t − t 2
dt
πv 4
Sol. A = πR 2max = 2 . t3
g ⇒ ω = 2t 2 −
3
∴ (2)
ω is zero at t = 0s and t = 6s
dθ t3
58. Direction : Now = ω = 2t 2 −
The question has Statement – 1 and Statement dt 3
– 2. Of the four choices given after the 2 3 t4
⇒ θ= t −
statements, choose the one that describes the 3 12
two statements. θ at t = 6s = 36 rad
36
Statement – 1 : ∴ number of rotations = <6.
2π
A metallic surface is irradiated by a
monochromatic light of frequency v > v (the ∴ (2).
0
threshold frequency). The maximum kinetic
energy and the stopping potential are Kmax and 60. Water is flowing continuously from a tap
V0 respectively. If the frequency incident on the having an internal diameter 8 × 10–3 m. the
surface is doubled, both the Kmax and V0 are water velocity as it leaves the tap is 0.4 ms–1.
also doubled. The diameter of the water stream at a distance 2
× 10–1 m below the tap is close to
Statement – 2 : (1) 5.0 × 10–3 m (2) 7.5 × 10–3 m
–3
The maximum kinetic energy and the stopping (3) 9.6 × 10 m (4) 3.6 × 10–3 m.
potential of photoelectrons emitted from a Key. (4)
surface are linearly dependent on the frequency Sol. A1v1 = A2v2
of incident light. and v 22 = v12 + 2gh .
∴ (4).
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MATHEMATICS ⎛ d2 y ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
−3
π/ 4
=I- T
⎛π ⎞ 2
I=8 ∫ log(1 + tan ⎜⎝ 4 − θ ⎟⎠) dθ
π/ 4
0
65. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of
⎛ 2 ⎞ (1 - x - x2 + x3)6 is
=8 ∫ log ⎜⎝ 1 + tan θ ⎟⎠ dθ
0
(1) 144 (2) - 132
(3) - 144 (4) 132
⎡π/ 4
= 8 ⎢ ∫ ( log 2 − log(1 + tan θ) ) dθ Key: (3)
⎣0 Sol.: (1 - x + x2 + x3)6 = (1 - x)6 (1 - x2)6
π/ 4 = (1 - 6x + 15x2 - 20x3 + 15x4 - 6x5 + x6)
I = 4 ∫ log 2d θ = π log 2 x(1 - 6x2 + 15x4 - 20x6 + 15x8 - 6x10 + x12)
0 coefficient of x7 = (-6) (-20) + (-20) (15)
+ (-6) (-6)
d2x = 120 - 300 + 36
63. equals
dy 2 = -144
⎛ 5π ⎞
x
−1 −1
⎛ d2 y ⎞ ⎛ d 2 y ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
−3
66. For x∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟ , define f(x) = ∫ t sint dt .
(1) ⎜ 2 ⎟ (2) − ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
0
⎝ dx ⎠ Then f has
−2 −3
⎛ d 2 y ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ d 2 y ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞ (1) local maximum at π and 2π
(3) ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ (4) − ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ (2) local minimum at π and 2π
Key: (4) (3) local minimum at π and local maximum at
2π
d 2 x d ⎛ dx ⎞ d ⎛ ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎞
−1
= ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟ x
dx ⎜⎝ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ Sol.: f(x) = ∫ t sin t dt
0
f ′(x) = x sinx
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2 2
(2) 5x + 3y - 48 = 0 The number of ways of choosing any 3 places
(3) 3x2 + 5y2 - 15 = 0 from 9 different places is 9C3.
(4) 5x2 + 3y2 - 32 = 0 (1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
Key: (1) Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
x 2 y2 Statement-1.
Sol.: Let the ellipse be 2 + 2 = 1 (2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
a b
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
9 1
It passes through (-3, 1) so 2 + 2 = 1 ... (i) Statement-1.
a b (3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
Also, b2 = a2 (1 - 2/5) (4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
⇒ 5b2 = 3a2 ... (ii) Key: (1)
32 2 32 Sol.: The number of ways of distributing n identical
Solving we get a2 = ,b =
3 5 objects among r persons such that each person
So, the ellipse is 3x2 + 5y2 = 32. gets at least one object is same as the number of
ways of selecting (r - 1) places out of (n-1)
79. If the mean deviation about the median of the different places, that is n-1Cr-1 .
numbers a, 2a, ... , 50a is 50, then |a| equals
(1) 2 (2) 3 82. Let R be the set of real numbers.
(3) 4 (4) 5 Statement-1:
Key: (3) A = {(x, y) ∈ R × R : y - x is an integer} is an
Sol.: Median is the mean of 25th and 26th equivalence relation on R.
observation B = {(x, y) ∈ R × R : x = αy for some rational
25a + 26a number α} is an equivalence relation on R.
∴M= = 25.5 a
2 (1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
Σ | xi − M | Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
M.D (M) = statement-1.
N
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
1
⇒ 50 = [2×|a| × (0.5 + 1.5 + 2.5 + ... 24.5)] Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
50 Statement-1.
25 (3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
⇒ 2500 = 2|a| × (25)
2 (4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
⇒ |a| = 4. Key: (3)
Sol.: Clearly, A is an equivalence relation but B is not
⎛ 1 − cos{2(x − 2)} ⎞ symmetric. So, it is not equivalence.
80. lim ⎜ ⎟⎟
x →2 ⎜ x−2
⎝ ⎠ 83. Consider 5 independent Bernoulli's trails each
(1) does not exist (2) equals 2 with probability of success p. If the probability
1 of at least one failure is greater than or equal to
(3) equals - 2 (4) equals 31
2 , then p lies in the interval.
32
Key: (1)
Sol.: Let x - 2 = t ⎛ 1 3⎤ ⎛ 3 11 ⎤
(1) ⎜ , ⎥ (2) ⎜ , ⎥
1 − cos 2t ⎝ 2 4⎦ ⎝ 4 12 ⎦
lim
t →0 t ⎡ 1⎤ ⎛ 11 ⎤
(3) ⎢ 0, ⎥ (4) ⎜ ,1⎥
| sin t | ⎣ 2⎦ ⎝ 12 ⎦
= lim 2
t →0 t Key: (3)
Clearly R.H.L. = 2 Sol.: P(at least one failure)
= 1 - P (No failure)
L.H.L. = - 2 = 1 - p5
Since R.H.L. ≠ L.H.L. So, limit does not exist. 31
Now 1 - p5 ≥
32
81. Statement-1: 5
The number of ways of distributing 10 identical ⎛1⎞
⇒ p5 ≤ ⎜ ⎟
balls in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is ⎝2⎠
empty is 9C3 1
Statement-2: ⇒p≤
2
But p ≥ 0
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r r
1 87. The vectors a and b are not perpendicular and
So, P lies in the interval [0, ]. r r r r r
2 r
2 2 c and d are two vectors satisfying: b × c = b × d
84. The two circles x + y = ax and rr r
x2 + y2 = c2 (c > 0) touch each other if and a.d = 0. Then the vector d is equal to
r
(1) 2|a| = c (2) |a| = c r ⎛ b.cr ⎞ r rr
r ⎛ a.c ⎞ r
(3) a = 2c (4) |a| = 2c (1) b − ⎜r ⎟ r c (2) c + ⎜ r r ⎟b
⎝ a.b ⎠ ⎝ a.b ⎠
Key: (2) rr rr
Sol.: If the two circles touch each other, then they r ⎛ b.c ⎞ r r ⎛ a.c ⎞ r
(3) b + ⎜ r r ⎟ c (4) c − ⎜ r r ⎟ b
must touch each other internally. ⎝ a.b ⎠
⎝ a.b ⎠
|a| |a|
So, =c − Key: (4)
2 2 rr
Sol.: a.b ≠ 0
⇒ |a| = c. rr
a.d = 0
r r r r
85. Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of b × c = b× d
order 3. r r r
⇒ b × (c − d) = 0
Statement-1: r r r
A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices. b is parallel to c − d
Statement-2: r r r
c − d = λb
AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication r
Taking dot product with a
of A and B is commutative. rr r r
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; a.c − 0 = λa.b
rr
Statement-2 is correct explanation for a.c
Statement-1. ⇒ λ = r r
a.b
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; r r ⎛ a.c rr r
⎞
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for So, d = c − ⎜ r r ⎟ b
Statement-1. ⎝ a.b ⎠
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 88. Statement-1:
Key: (2) The point A(1, 0, 7) is the mirror image of the
Sol.: Given, A′ = A x y −1 z − 2
point B(1, 6, 3) in the line = =
B′ = B 1 2 3
Now (A(BA))′ = (BA)′A′ = (A′B′)A′ = (AB)A Statement-2:
= A(BA) x y −1 z − 2
The line : = = bisects the line
Similarly ((AB)A)′ = (AB)A 1 2 3
So, A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices. segment joining A(1, 0, 7) and B(1, 6, 3).
Again (AB)′ = B′A′ = BA (1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
Now if BA = AB, then AB is symmetric matrix. Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1.
86. If C and D are two events such that C ⊂ D and (2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;
P(D) ≠ 0, then the correct statement among the Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
following is Statement-1.
(1) P(C|D) = P(C) (2) P(C|D) ≥ P(C) (3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
P(D) (4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(3) P(C|D) < P(C) (4) P(C|D) = Key: (2)
P(C)
Sol.: The direction ratio of the line segment joining
Key: (2)
points A(1, 0, 7) and B(1, 6, 3) is 0, 6, -4.
⎛ C ⎞ P(C ∩ D) P(C)
Sol.: P ⎜ ⎟ = = ≥ P(C) The direction ratio of the given line is 1, 2, 3.
⎝D⎠ P(D) P(D) Clearly 1 × 0 + 2 × 6 + 3 × (-4) = 0
(Since 0 < P(D) ≤1 So, the given line is perpendicular to line AB.
P(C) Also , the mid point of A and B is (1, 3, 5)
So, ≥ P(C) ) which lies on the given line.
P(D)
So, the image of B in the given line is A,
because the given line is the perpendicular
bisector of line segment joining points A and B.
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3 13 4x + ky + 2z = 0
(1) ≤A≤1 (2) ≤A≤1 kx + 4y + z = 0
4 16
3 13 2x + 2y + z = 0
(3) 1 ≤ A ≤ 2 (4) ≤ A ≤ posses a non-zero solution is:
4 16 (1) 3 (2) 2
Key: (1) (3) 1 (4) zero
Sol.: A = sin2x + cos4x Key: (2)
= sin2x + cos2x. (1 - sin2x) Sol.: For the system to have non-zero solution
1
=1- sin22x 4 k 2
4
k 4 1 =0
Since; 0 ≤ sin22x ≤ 1
3 2 2 1
So, ≤ A ≤ 1.
4 ⇒ k2 - 6k + 8 = 0
90. The number of values of k for which the linear ⇒ k = 2 or 4.
equations
17