Mengamati (Nyemak)
Jinising Sekar Macapat menika dumugi wekdal menika wonten ingkang mastani 9, 11, 14,
15, lan sapanunggalanipun. Boten prelu bingung kangge nyebutaken cacahing Sekar Macapat,
ingkang wigatos ngangge dhasar saha wewaton. Adhedhasar buku Sekar Macapat (Arintaka,
1981) cacahing Sekar Macapat menika wonten 11 iji, inggih menika: Mijil, Kinanthi, Sinom,
Asmaradana, Gambuh, Dhandhanggula, Maskumambang, Durma, Pangkur, Megatruh, saha
Pocung. Urut-runtutipun Sekar Macapat menia sami kaliyan lelampahipun manungsa wiwit
jabang bayi abrit dumugi marak sowan utawi tumekaning pejah (life-cyce). Urut—runtutipun
Sekar Macapat kados ingkang kaandharaen wonten ngandhap menika:
Kridha:
Para Peserta didik kasuwun nyemak satunggaling paraga ingkang nyekaraken macapat.
Paraga kala wau saged sawijining Peserta didik, utawi model, kanthi langsung utawi lumantar
rekaman ing radio, TV, internet, video-payer, utawi media sanesipun. Kridha menika kangge
nyemak bab-bab ingkang magepokan kaliyan kadosspundi wiraga, wirama, saha wicara rikala
satunggaling tiyang nyekaraken Sekar Macapat.
Gladhen:
Menanya
Sekar Macapat menika wonten konvensi-nipun (aturan) utawi metrum, inggih menika
wontenipun guru gatra, guru wilangan, saha guru lagu. Sasaneipun bab menika, Sekar
Macapat ngewrat kagunan basa kados dene rerengganing basa ingkang saged awujud
tembung-tembung kawi, tembung-tembung entar, wangsalan, lan sapanunggalanipun. Sekar
Macapat sapada (sebait) kadadaosan saking cacahing guru gatra, guru wilangan, saha guru
lagu. Guru gatra, inggih menika cacahing gatra/larik/baris saben sapada sekar. Cacahing
wanda (suku kata) saben sagatra menika dipunwastani guru wilangan, saha dhawahing
swanten (huruf vokal, sanes konsonan) ing pungkasaning gatra menika kasebut guru lagu.
Guru lagu saha guru wilangan saben sekar macapat wonten paugeranipun piyamba-piambak.
Kanthi langkung rinci, tata paugeran bab guru gatra, guru wilngan, saha guru lagu ing Sekar
Macapat saged kasema kados ing ngandhap menika:
Sekar Macapat
Nama Sekar Guru Gatra Guru Wilangan Guru Lagu
Maskumamban 4 12, 6, 8, 8 i, a, i, a
g
Mijil 6 10, 6, 10, 10, 6, 6 i, o, e, i, i, u
Sinom 9 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 12 a, i, a, i, i, u, a, i, a
Kinanthi 6 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 u, i, a, i, a, i
Asmarandana 7 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 8, 8 i, a, e, a, a, u, a
Gambuh 5 7, 10, 12, 8, 8 u, u, i, u, o
Dhandhanggula 10 10, 10, 8, 7, 9, 7, 6, 8, 12, 7 i, a, e, u, i, a, u, a, i, a
Durma 7 12, 7, 6, 7, 8, 5, 7 a, i, a, a, i, a, i
Pangkur 7 8, 11, 8, 7, 12, 8, 8 a, i, u, a, u, a, i
Megatruh 5 12, 8, 8, 8 u, i, u, i, o
Pocung 4 12, 6, 8, 12 u, a, i, a
Nalika maos utawi ngripta Sekar Macapat kedah migatosken wataking sekar. Watak
saha ginanipun Sekar Macapat saged dipuntingali ing bagan ngandhap menika:
Sekar Macapat
No. Nama Sekar Watak Ginanipun
1. Maskumambang Nelangsa, ngeres-eresi Mahyakaken raos
panalangsa
2. Mijil Asih, prihatin, pangajab Nggambaraen raos prihatin
3. Sinom Prasaja, ethes Piwulang, wewarah
4. Kinanthi Seneng, asih, kasmaran Piwulang, pitutur, pratelan
tresna
5. Asmarandana Tresna, sedhih, sengsem Piwulang, tresna
6. Gambuh Sumanak, sumadulur Piwulang, pitutur
7. Dhandhanggula Luwes, gumbira, endah Mahyakaken raos tresna,
sedhih
8. Durma Keras, nepsu, semangat Nggambaraken nepsu duka,
perang
9. Pangkur Sereng, nepsu, gandrung Piwulang radi srengen,
gandrung
10. Megatruh Prihatin, getun, kaduwung, Nggambaraken raos sedhih,
sedhih getun
11. Pocung Sembrana, parikena, lucu Cangkriman, cariyos lucu,
guyonan
Salajengipun kangge nambahi kawruh bab tembang samenika andharan ingkang
langkung princi, bab tata paugeran bab guru gatra, guru wilngan, saha guru lagu ing Sekar
Tengahan saged kasemak kados ing ngandhap menika:
Sekar Tengahan
Nama Sekar Guru Gatra Guru Wilangan Guru Lagu
Jurudhemung 7 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 a, u, u, a, u, a, u
Wirangrong 6 8, 8, 10, 6, 7, 8 i, o, u, i, a, a
Balabak 6 12, 3, 12, 3, 12, 3 a, e, a, e, u, e
1. Mengeksplorasi
A. Hakikat Sekar Macapat Asmaradana, saha Megatruh
Asmaradana
Asmaradana inggih menika salah satunggaling Sekar Macapat ingkang awatak tresna,
sedhih, saha sengsem. Tembung Asmaradana kadadosan saking tembung “smara” ingkang
anggadhahi teges tresna, saha tembung “dahana” ingkang tegesipun geni. Pramila saking
menika, tembang Asmaradana jumbuh manawi kangge nggandrung, amargi isinipun wuyung
saha samubarang ingkang magepokan kaliyan raos tresna.
Tuladha Cakepan Sekar Macapat Asmaradana:
ASMARADANA
(Laras Pelog Pathet Nem)
a. Mendeskripsikan arti kata-kata sulit pada Sekar Macapat (Asmaradana dan Megatruh)
Saat kalian membaca Sekar Macapat (Asmaradana dan Megatruh) di atas ada kata-kata
sulit yang kalian temukan? Artikanlah kata-kata sulit tersebut dengan menggunakan
Baoesastra Jawa. Kata-kata sulit pada teks Sekar Macapat (Asmaradana dan Megatruh)
sebagai berikut
Gladhen:
1. Kapadosana guru gatra, guru wilangan, saha guru lagu Sekar Macapat Asmaradana
kasebut?
Wangsulan: ............................................................................................................................
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2. Kadamela parafrase Sekar Macapat Asmaradana kasebut?
Wangsulan: ............................................................................................................................
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3. Menapa suraosipun tuladha Sekar Macapat Asmaradana ing pada 1?
Wangsulan: ............................................................................................................................
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4. Menapa suraosipun tuladha Sekar Macapat Asmaradana ing pada 2?
Wangsulan: ............................................................................................................................
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5. Kasebutna 3, budi pekerti ingkang kinandhut ing sekar Asmaradana pada 1 saha 2?
Wangsulan: ............................................................................................................................
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Megatruh
Megatruh inggih menika salah satunggaling Sekar Macapat ingkang awatak prihatin, getun,
kaduwung, sedhih. Tembung Megatruh kadadosan saking tembung “megat” saha “roh”,
ingkang tegesipun pisahipun roh utawi sampun pisahipun roh saking badan. Pramila saking
menika, tembang Megatruh jumbuh manawi kangge nggambaraken raos sedhih, utawi getun,
amargi isinipun bab lelampahaning manungsa ingkang sampun pungkas ing donya.
Tuladha cakepan Sekar Macapat Megatruh kapethik saking Serat Sabda Jati yasan R. Ng.
Ranggawarsita
Megatruh
7 5 6 7 7 6 7 5 @ @ 7 z@x x#x x@x c7
Ha-ywa pe-gat ngu- di- ya rong-ing bu- dya- yu,
7 @ @ @ @ @ z#x.x@xc7 6x.c5
mar-ga- ne su- ka ba- su- ki,
2 z3x.c5 5 5 5 5 z5x.x6c7 6
di-men lu- war kang ki- na- yun,
2 2 2 2 3 z5x.c6 2x.x3c2 u
Ka- lis- ing pang-ga- we si- sip,
23 3 3 3 3 z5x.x6c5 z3x.c2
Ing-kang ta-be- ri prih- a- tos.
B. Parafrase
Parafrase inggih menika ngewahi dhapukan sekar dados gancaran utawi wujud prosa.
Anggitan ingkang dipunwahyakaken lumanter wujud sekar menika ateges mujudakenekspresi
tidak langsung. Tegesipun anggitan menika kanthi basa ingkang mligi (khusus) inggih basa
ingkang puitis. Basa ingkang puitis menika adatipun wonten paribasan, saloka, basa kawi,
wangsalan, dasanama, lan sapanunggalanipun. Pramila kanthi cara damel parafrase utawi
gancaran tembang ateges ngewahi basa rinengga (basa tembang) dados basa limrah utawi
umum.
Kanthi cara dipunparafrase satunggaling sekar saged cetha jejer, wasesa, lesanipun (S P O).
Amargi wonten ing dhapukan sekar menika dereng cetha pundi jejer, wasesa, lesanipun. Kanthi
mekaten parafrase inggih menika ngewahi teks saking dhapukan tembang dados dhapukan
gancaran (prosa). Kanthi mekaten langkung gampil menawi badhe njumbuhaken garapan
salajengipun inggih menika Terjemahan.
Terjemahan utawi alih basa inggih menika nggantos basaning teks dhateng basa sanesipun.
Upaminipun basaning teks menika basa jawi kagantos basa Indonesia, kanthi pangangkah
tiyang ingkang maos saged pirsa wos saking tembang menika.
Tuladha Gancaran Sekar Macapat Megatruh ingkang kapethik saking Serat Sabda Jati yasan R.
Ng. Ranggawarsita
Hawya pegat ngudiya RONGing budyayu
MarGAne suka basuki
Dimen luWAR kang kinayun
Kalising panggawe SIsip
Ingkang TAberi prihatos
Gancaranipun/parafrase:
Sampun kendhat ngudi telenging budi rahayu, (ingkang) dados marginipun slamet/yuwana saha
kabingahan, supados kadadosan ingkang dipunkajengaken, luput saking ing pandamelipun
lepat, pramila ingkang sami sregep prihatin.
Tugas!
Cakepan Sekar Macapat Megatruh menika kagancarna kados tuladha ing pada satunggal!
Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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9. Nora ngandel marang gaibing Hyang Agung
Anggelar sakalir-kalir
Kalamun temen tinemu
Kabegjane anekani
Kamurahane Hyang Manon
Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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Gancaranipun:
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19. Cinitra ri budha kaping wolulikur
Sawal ing tahun Jimakir
Candraning warsa pinetung
Sembah mekswa pejangga ji
Ki Pujangga pamit layoti
Gancaranipun:
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2. Mengkomunikasikan
A. Mratekaken Nyekar Sekar Macapat
Laras
Salebetipun sekar wonten ingkang dipunwastani laras/lrs (Pelog/Pl saha Slendro/Sl),
pathet (Nem/6, Sanga/9, saha Manyura/Myr ing laras Slendro; Lima/5, Nem/6, saha Barang/Br
ing laras Pélog), pedhotan, titi laras, lan sapanunggalanipun. Laras inggih menika swanteen
ingkang ajeg inggilipun, boten ewah, kasebut ugi nada, sistem nada/tonal system. Laras Slendro
ateges sistem nada ingkang adhedhasar andhap-inggilipun, interval gamelan slendro, semanten
ugi laras pélog. Pedhotan inggih menika papan mandhegipun anggenipun nyekar sekar macapat
kangge unjal ambegan nalika nyekaraken sekar macapat ingkang wonten tengah gatra.
Andhegan inggih menika papan mandhegipun anggenipun nyekar sekar macapat kangge unjal
ambegan nalika nyekaraken sekar macapat ingkang wonten pungkasaning gatra. Titi laras
inggih menika notasi nada ingkang dipunserat adhedhasar sistem nada laras saha pathetipun.
Wondene pathet inggih menika ukuran andhap-inggilipun laras, minangka watesing wilayah
nada. Kangge gambaran bab pathet, samenika grambyanganipun:
Jinisipun pathet wonten sekar macapat adhedhasar larasipun, ing antawisipun inggih
menika:
1. Laras Slendro
a. Pathet Nem 6-2 (6-5-3-2), tangga nada-nipun (2 3 5 6 ! @);
b. Pathet Sanga 2-5 (@-!-6-5), tangga nada-nipun (t y 1 2 3 5);
c. Pathet Sanga 3-6 (#-@-!-6), tangga nada-nipun (y 1 2 3 5 6).
2. Laras Pelog
a. Pathet Lima tangga nada-nipun (t y 1 2 4 5);
b. Pathet Nem tangga nada-nipun (2 3 5 6 ! @);
c. Pathet Barang tangga nada-nipun (y u 2 3 5 6).
Manawi namung dipungrambyang, dipunkinten rekaos anggenipun ngecakaken. Menapa
malih tumrap tiyang ingkang babar pisan dereng naté sinau larasing gamelan. Pramila supados
langkung nges, manawi sinau sekar menika kedah ngadhep pirantos gamelan, gender
upamanipun. Kanthi makaten kaajab saged ngepasaken laras kaliyan pathetipun sekar kala
wau.
A. LK Memahami Isi, struktur, metrum, diksi dan ajaran moral serta wicara, wirama, dan
wirasa dalam melagukan Sekar Macapat serta wicara, wirama, dan wirasa dalam
melagukan Sekar Macapat (Asmaradana dan Megatruh)
Jinising Sekar Macapat menika dumugi wekdal menika wonten ingkang mastani 9, 11, 14,
15, lan sapanunggalanipun. Boten prelu bingung kangge nyebutaken cacahing Sekar Macapat,
ingkang wigatos ngangge dhasar saha wewaton. Adhedhasar buku Sekar Macapat (Arintaka,
1981) cacahing Sekar Macapat menika wonten 11 iji, inggih menika: Mijil, Kinanthi,
Asmaradana, Asmaradana, Gambuh, Maskumambang, Durma, Pangkur, Megatruh, saha
Pocung. Urut-runtutipun Sekar Macapat menia sami kaliyan lelampahipun manungsa wiwit
jabang bayi abrit dumugi marak sowan utawi tumekaning pejah (life-cyce). Urut—runtutipun
Sekar Macapat kados ingkang kaandharaen wonten ngandhap menika:
Sekar Macapat menika wonten konvensi-nipun (aturan) utawi metrum, inggih menika
wontenipun guru gatra, guru wilangan, saha guru lagu. Sasaneipun bab menika, Sekar
Macapat ngewrat kagunan basa kados dene rerengganing basa ingkang saged awujud
tembung-tembung kawi, tembung-tembung entar, wangsalan, lan sapanunggalanipun. Sekar
Macapat sapada (sebait) kadadaosan saking cacahing guru gatra, guru wilangan, saha guru
lagu. Guru gatra, inggih menika cacahing gatra/larik/baris saben sapada sekar. Cacahing
wanda (suku kata) saben sagatra menika dipunwastani guru wilangan, saha dhawahing
swanten (huruf vokal, sanes konsonan) ing pungkasaning gatra menika kasebut guru lagu.
Guru lagu saha guru wilangan saben sekar macapat wonten paugeranipun piyamba-piambak.
Kanthi langkung rinci, tata paugeran bab guru gatra, guru wilngan, saha guru lagu ing Sekar
Macapat saged kasema kados ing ngandhap menika:
Sekar Macapat
Nama Sekar Guru Gatra Guru Wilangan Guru Lagu
Maskumamban 4 12, 6, 8, 8 i, a, i, a
g
Mijil 6 10, 6, 10, 10, 6, 6 i, o, e, i, i, u
Sinom 9 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 12 a, i, a, i, i, u, a, i, a
Kinanthi 6 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 u, i, a, i, a, i
Asmarandana 7 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 8, 8 i, a, e, a, a, u, a
Gambuh 5 7, 10, 12, 8, 8 u, u, i, u, o
Dhandhanggula 10 10, 10, 8, 7, 9, 7, 6, 8, 12, 7 i, a, e, u, i, a, u, a, i, a
Durma 7 12, 7, 6, 7, 8, 5, 7 a, i, a, a, i, a, i
Pangkur 7 8, 11, 8, 7, 12, 8, 8 a, i, u, a, u, a, i
Megatruh 5 12, 8, 8, 8 u, i, u, i, o
Pocung 4 12, 6, 8, 12 u, a, i, a
Nalika maos utawi ngripta Sekar Macapat kedah migatosken wataking sekar. Watak
saha ginanipun Sekar Macapat saged dipuntingali ing bagan ngandhap menika:
Sekar Macapat
No. Nama Sekar Watak Ginanipun
1. Maskumambang Nelangsa, ngeres-eresi Mahyakaken raos
panalangsa
2. Mijil Asih, prihatin, pangajab Nggambaraen raos prihatin
3. Sinom Prasaja, ethes Piwulang, wewarah
4. Kinanthi Seneng, asih, kasmaran Piwulang, pitutur, pratelan
tresna
5. Asmarandana Tresna, sedhih, sengsem Piwulang, tresna
6. Gambuh Sumanak, sumadulur Piwulang, pitutur
7. Dhandhanggula Luwes, gumbira, endah Mahyakaken raos tresna,
sedhih
8. Durma Keras, nepsu, semangat Nggambaraken nepsu duka,
perang
9. Pangkur Sereng, nepsu, gandrung Piwulang radi srengen,
gandrung
10. Megatruh Prihatin, getun, kaduwung, Nggambaraken raos sedhih,
sedhih getun
11. Pocung Sembrana, parikena, lucu Cangkriman, cariyos lucu,
guyonan
Salajengipun kangge nambahi kawruh bab tembang samenika andharan ingkang
langkung princi, bab tata paugeran bab guru gatra, guru wilngan, saha guru lagu ing Sekar
Tengahan saged kasemak kados ing ngandhap menika:
Sekar Tengahan
Nama Sekar Guru Gatra Guru Wilangan Guru Lagu
Jurudhemung 7 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 a, u, u, a, u, a, u
Wirangrong 6 8, 8, 10, 6, 7, 8 i, o, u, i, a, a
Balabak 6 12, 3, 12, 3, 12, 3 a, e, a, e, u, e