Presentation

Razvan Co a

August 26, 2010

Topi s

◮ University of Bu harest, Fa ulty of Physi s Condensed Matter

◮ National Institute for Materials Physi s

◮ ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS Group

◮ ICTP Trieste Department of Aeronomy And Radio-propagation

◮ Unide Computer Systems/NEC Romania

◮ Taiko: all generator

◮ ReparteeLX: voi e mail

◮ ITCNetworks/Luxoft

◮ Dolphin/Triton: Se ure Router

◮ Contivity VPN swit h DLSW

◮ ENEA Romania
◮ UvA-IvI

2
Condensed Matter Physi s

Polaron In Uni axially Strained GaAs Crystals

Figure: GaAs Unit Cell. Arseni atoms are olored red and Gallium atoms are olored green
Polaron In Uni-axially strained GaAs

Figure: Deformation of ubi latti e due to dierent ee ts. Left: latti e onstant mismat h. Right:

applied uni axial stress. Typi al deformations range within 0.5% − 2%. Two ways of getting uniaxially

deformed latti e: mismat h at epitaxial growth or pressure applied.

◮ Polaron is ele tron dressed in intera tions with rystalline latti e. Latti e vibrations-phonons.
Ele tron in a sea of phonons
◮ Phonons are responsible for most of opti al properties and thermal properties of solids
◮ Small deformations, variational approa h, minimizing energy over oherent states: states of a
system in onta t with an os illator reservoir
◮ Output of su h al ulation is ground state, ee tive mass and dispersion law, used later to treat
harge arrier as quasi- lassi al parti le
◮ Energy shift is in the range of 20 meV
◮ Band Gap for GaAs 1.43 eV , the shift is 1% 4
Computational Ele tromagnetism

◮ Measurements of  mi rowave refra tive index for erami s

◮ Design new materials for high frequen y appli ations: mi rowave absorbers for EMC and military
appli ations, diele tri erami s for subtrates, resonators and antennas
◮ Computer assisted measurements IEEE 488 HPIB

S attering problems

◮ bounded domain:

◮ partially lled waveguide

◮ s attering on diele tri resonator

◮ unbounded domain: mi rostrip resonator

5
Computational Ele tromagnetism
Partially lled waveguide

Figure: Sket h of a re tangular waveguide with diele tri ller.

6
Re tangular waveguide diele tri sample s attering

Figure: Partially lled waveguide - ree tion and transmission oe ients

7
Fields Distribution for a pathologi al and a normal ase

Figure: Full wave s attering omputation. Up: below- uto propagation for
high diele tri onstant ller. Down: above uto propagation for high
diele tri onstant ller. Ey is the interesting eld omponent.
Eigen-modes problems
Diele tri Resonator

Figure: Cylindri al diele tri resonator

◮ Isotropi diele tri erami used as an equivalent of a resonant avity for mi rowave generators
◮ It has denite resonant modes (it ouples with surroundings)

9
Mode hart for ylindri al diele tri resonator

HM111
1.5
HE111

TM011
K0 =k0 R

1 TE011

HM121

HE121
0.5
TM021

TE021

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
R
l=
d

Figure: Diele tri resonator mode hart. On x-axis a-dimensional height

of resonator, on y-axis, the a-dimensional radial propagation onstant.
Modes ordered by K0 are:HM121 , HE121 , TE011 , TM011 , HE111 , HM111 ,
TE021 , TM021
Eigen-modes problems
Coaxial Resonator

11

◮ S anned shape fed into eld solver

◮ Chara teristi impedan e omputation
◮ Measurements agree within 1% with omputation

Figure: Coaxial Resonator - s anned transfersal prole and eld

distribution in pseudo- oloring and as a 3-D plot.
Computer Telephony
Taiko: all generator

◮ Pas al syntax interpreted language

◮ Telephony primitives
◮ Good for testing voi e-mails and Computer Telephony Appli ations
◮ Evolved into an IVR later with GUI
◮ Predi tive parser
◮ Byte- ode is postorder walk of syntax tree.
◮ Reverse polish notation of s ript

12
ReparteeLX

◮ OS/2 voi email, to be ported to Linux

◮ Telephony layer/OS abstra tion layer.
◮ Syn hronization primitives EliteMailLX PBX& Voi e mail

◮ GTDete t: Software tone patterns dete tion and re ognition: power

spe tral density analysis for dete tion

13
IPKM-PBC

◮ Initially written for windows in MFC

◮ Ported on linux/Sgi avor of STL
◮ Server run on Telephony  hardware board
◮ Its task was to relay telephony events/ ommands to/from the all attendant

14
Routers
Se ure Router

◮ Multi-pro essor linux-based router with NetworkPro essingUnit

◮ Run Nortel Carrier Grade Linux Mips64/PPC ar hite ture [Dolphin/Triton℄
◮ SYN atta k prote tion and ood prote tion by limiting the rate of new
onne tion/pa kets. Flood atta ks only ae ts the ard/interfa e it arrives on.
◮  XML data model that generates: SNMP MIB Cli parser
◮ Core ode is a message loop / UDP, almost the same as the one used in
Passport produ t
◮ SIP ALG: Level 7 NAT

◮ Signalling path pa ket rewrite

◮ Types of NAT: one NAT, symmetri NAT

◮ SNMP sub-agents implementation

15
DLSW (Data Link Swit hing)

◮ Intended to tunnel SNA networks over Internet

◮ Works for both Ethernet and Serial onne tion
◮ Basi ally ATM & banking lega y appli ations Multiplexes / demultiplexes
◮ Tasman Networks Router
◮ VxWorks 5 on PPC, Sun streams based forwarding ar hite ture

Contivity VPN Router

◮ Nortel VxWorks based Enterprise VPN swit h

16
Fokker Plan k

Figure: Fokker-Plan k numeri al solver used to map the urren y market. EURRON probability

density [PD℄ plot, lighter means higher probability. On x-axis time in days, on y-axis, pri e. With blue is

outlined the market evolution, with bla k the evolution not used for omputations, with red, the

extrapolation.
Bang & Olusen TV Sets

Pro essing Units:

◮ FEP Front End Pro essor:Hita hi pro essor handles menus and user logi
◮ SM: Philips mi ro ontroller-sta kless;Handles ommuni ations
◮ Tunner - Intel 186 Pro essor  MS-DOS Tasklet based tv-tunner

Figure: Beovision 7

18
A roprint a es devi es

Figure: ADCT 7000

Software development for eZ80 based u ontroller:

Zilog RZK Real Time Kernel, ZTP TCP/IP sta k
◮ Magneti ard a ess
◮ Fingerprint based a ess (serial interfa e)
◮ Bar ode ard a ess
◮ Wireless bridge
◮ Ethernet port
◮ Serial Port
◮ T p server for data upload and onguration

19
ENEA Element HA Middleware

High availability middleware

◮ Message queues based infrastru ture

◮ Proxy-server to ensure availability

◮ Support for N-way, 2N, N+M availability models
◮ Features Multi-ar hite ture installation kits with version-validating servi e and he ksum
◮ Name-server, Logging, AMF (appli ation management framework), EVT, NTF
◮ CHKPT, ALF (Appli ation level ow ontrol), HPI (Hardware platform interfa e)
◮ Abstra ts Hardware and OS Servi es

◮ Cluster servi es: le operation, luster setup, restart servi e

◮ Chassis Management and Devi e Management API

◮ Virtualization for luster emulation: User Mode Linux

◮ Python wrapper for ELEMENT API

20
Data Transfer Use Cases

1. GET

1.1 GET by name, providing HPL

1.2 GET by LFC hash: ask ACL about user and le path, send le

2. PUT

2.1 PUT in publi  namespa e

2.2 PUT in se ure namespa e

2.2.1 new le registering

3. List Catalogue

3.1 List lo ations for <le name>: return an be a list a lo ations, or a

list of lo ations and retrieval keys

21
Authenti ation

◮ Delegated redentials
◮ Data A ess

◮ File Cataloger [LFC℄

◮ File A ess [GridFtp℄

◮ Se uring Data A ess

◮ Key ex hange and message signing

◮ Data link (Conne tion) en ryption

◮ Mi ro- ontra ts:

◮ Logged en rypted signed re ords of the data a ess

◮ Non-repudiation: by he king the authenti ity of the messages after transa tion ompleted.

22
Blo k diagram of data-related servi es in glite

Figure: Gridftp and ae ted modules

23
GridFtp Data A ess sequen e diagram

◮ gridFtpC: gridftp Client pro ess, surfa e layer of gridftp lient

◮ LFC: File atalogue
◮ gridFtpControl: gridftp lient ontrol onne tion
◮ gridFtpD: gridftp daemon. server
◮ gridFtpCData: gridftp lient data onne tion

24
gsiftp proto ol sequen e diagram and modi ations for HPL
Grid Ftp

Globus gridftp toolkit blo k diagram

◮ Globus toolkit is integrated with GSS API (RFC 2743) by means of plugable I/O drivers.
◮ ommuni ation is done via allba ks
◮ Other appli ation level proto ols in lude http, udt, (smtp)
◮ features a sta k-able ar hite ture mu h like the SUN streams model

26
Modi ations for gridftp

Figure: Pat h lo ations to ensure fun tionality

27
GridFTP lient state ma hine

START

GRIDFTP_GET_PUT

CONNECT

CONNECT_DONE

AUTHENTICATE

AUTHENTICATE_DONE AUTHENTICATE_DONE_DEBUG
EV_REDO

HPL_HANDSHAKE AUTHENTICATE_DONE GLOBUS_ERROR

HPL_ERROR AUTHENTICATE_FAULT

HPL_DONE SITE_FAULT

SITE_FAULT_DONE SITE_FAULT_ERR EV_HANDLE_RESTART_ABORT_FAILURE

EV_REDO

SITE_HELP SETUP_SITE_HELP_DONE CONNECTION EXIT

SITE_HELP_DONE

FEAT

FEAT_DONE

CLIENTINFO

NO_CLIENTINFO CLIENTINFO_DONE EV_REDO OP_Q_NONE NO_TYPE

NEED_COMPLETE TYPE AUTHZ_ASSERT

Figure: Client Authenti ation and Transfer simplied state ma hine, ut after initial handshake
Gridftp server state ma hine

GSSAPI_READ

GSSAPI_READ_DONE

READING_AUTH

READING_AUTH_DONE

READING_ADAT QUIT

READING_ADAT_DONE QUIT

ADAT_REPLY QUITING

ADAT_REPLY_DONE

OPEN QUITING_DONE

DECRYPT_OK DECRYPT_ERR

OPEN_CLEAR EXIT_ERROR

HPL HPL_DONE

HPL_AUTH

Figure: Gridftp redu ed server state ma hine

Design de isions and limitations

◮ Se urity

◮ Any signed trans ript of the data transfer, either step-wise or transa tion-wise is a
mi ro- ontra t.

◮ A normal ontra t has both signatures in the same time. Commuting signatures
would ensure this feature. Not implemented yet. Ellipti urves ryptography
would produ e ommuting signatures.

◮ Time between job sumbission and job exe ution might require proxy renewal. HPL is
merged with the se urity attributes, HPL renewal be omes an issue
◮ Signing and en ryption an still suer atta k by DNS DOS and MITM simultaneously

◮ Non-Repudiation

◮ Sequential party signing an be repudiated laiming that onversation was performed

with another party
◮ Step-wise logging might es ape non-repudiation. Commands an be inserted/removed
within two timestamps.
◮ Log replay might produ e data leak. Logs are eviden e, therefore publi , in ourt.
◮ Mi ro ontra ts were hosen to be the base-64 en oded en rypted messages ex hanged
between server and lient. Together with their plaintext
◮ Could probably be ensured only by transa tion-based signing of messages.
◮ Sequential logging ould be turned in transa tion if ummulative signing exists
◮ Repeatedly signing messages exposes private key for brute for e atta k

Alternative design: umulative signatures and partial a k.

30
Implementation de isions

◮ Implementation

◮ XML signing - a performan e penalty (normalization)

◮ Proto ol implementation de isions

◮ HPL <> as a FTP ommand insures ba k- ompatibility

between se ure lient and old server [500 ommand not
supported error℄
◮ also insures ba k- ompatibility between in-se ure lient and

se ure server - the ommand would never be given and the
server would never upload safe data

◮ File path

◮ safe le path - dierent from ommon le path - dierent

namespa e

31
Guido J. van 't Noordende, Silvia D. Olabarriaga, Matthijs R. Koot, Cees Th.A.M. de Laat. "A
Trusted Data Storage Infrastru ture for Grid-based Medi al Appli ations", Pro . Eighth IEEE
International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2008), Lyon, Fran e, pp.
627-632.

Ce hi Mar o and Capannini Fabio and Dorigo Alvise and Ghiselli Antonia and Gianelle Alessio
and Gia omini Fran es o and Maras hini Alessandro and Molinari Elisabetta and Monforte
Salvatore and Petronzio Lu a, The gLite Workload Management System, Journal of Physi s:
Conferen e Series, 219, 6, 062039

Performan e Comparison of Se urity Me hanisms for Grid Servi es, Satoshi Shirasuna Aleksander
and Aleksander Slominski and Liang Fang and Dennis Gannon, In 5th IEEE/ACM International
Workshop on Grid Computing, 2004, 360364, IEEE Computer So iety Press
[http:// iteseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdo /download?doi=10.1.1.59.7916&rep=rep1&type=pdf℄

RFC 1509 - Generi Se urity Servi e API: C-bindings [http://www.ietf.org/rf /rf 1509.txt℄
[http://www.ietf.org/rf /rf 1509.txt℄

GSS API Programming guide:[http://do s.sun. om:80/ab2/ oll.610.1/GSSAPIPG/℄

STREAMS Programming Guide:[http://do s.sun. om/app/do s/do /806-6546℄

[http://www.springerlink. om/ ontent/h4g7364r3m77822x/℄

RFC 2743 [http://www.ietf.org/rf /rf 2743.txt℄

"The Logi of S ienti Dis overy", Karl Popper,London, 1959

EFFECTIVE MASS OF A POLARON Translated and reprinted from Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 18, No.
5, pp. 419423 (1948) L.D. LANDAU, S.I. PEKAR Institute of Physi al Problems, A ademy of
S ien es of the Ukrainian SSR, Institute of Physi s, A ademy of S ien es of the Ukrainian SSR

Data Link Swit hing: Swit h-to-Swit h Proto ol AIW DLSw RIG: DLSw Closed Pages, DLSw

Standard Version 1.0 [http://www.javvin. om/proto ol/rf 1795.pdf℄