Acute Renal Failure Arf Gagal Ginjal Akut Gga
Acute Renal Failure Arf Gagal Ginjal Akut Gga
(ARF)
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“GAGAL GINJAL AKUT”
(GGA)
DEFINISI:
KEADAAN KLINIS DIMANA FS GINJAL
(GLOM. FILTRATION RATE = GFR)
GGL M’PERTAHANKAN HOMEOSTASIS:
- FLUIDS
- ELECTROLYTES
- HASIL AKHIR METABOLISME PROT
A. RENALIS
V. RENALIS
PEMBAGIAN PENYEBAB ARF
1.FUNCTIONAL ( PRE-RENAL):
A. DEHIDRASI
B. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
C.CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
D.HIPOTENSI:
- NEONATAL ASPHYXIA
- HEMORRHAGE
- SEPTIC SHOCK
2.ORGANIC (RENAL PARENCHYMAL INJURY)
A. AGN
B. HUS
C.PURPURA FULMINANS
D.HYPERURICEMIA
E.ACUTE TUBULAR/ CORT. NECROSIS
F.ART./ VENA RENALIS THROMBOSIS
G.CONGENITAL MALFORMATION
H.MYOGLOBINURIA/ HEMOGLOBINURIA
I. NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS
3.OBSTRUCTIVE (POST RENAL)
UROLITHIASIS
HYDRONEPHROSIS
RENAL DYSPLASIA
KERACUNAN JENGKOL
BEDA ANTARA FUNCTIONAL DAN
ORGANIC ARF:
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YANG DIUKUR FUNC. ORG.
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KONSENT. URINE HIGH ISOTONIC
URINE OSM. (mOSM) > 320 < 310
URINE SOD. (mEQ/L) < 30 >
30 Na/K IN URINE <1 >1
U/P UREA NITROGEN > 20 <
10 U/P KREATININ > 20 <
15
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PATOFISIOLOGI ARF:
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PRIMARY EVENT EFEK KONSEKUENSI
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WATER RETENSION HIPONATREMI EDEMA
OTAK
KEJANG
SOD.RETENTION EKSPANSI ECF HIPERTENSI
EDEMA PARU
POT. RETENTION HIPERKALEMI ARITMIA,
CARD.
ARREST
H+ RETENTION ASIDOSIS U HIPERKALEMI
MISAL:
ANAK 10 KG€ 1000 KAL
20% = 200 KAL
BSA = 0.5 M2
0.5 X 400 = 200 KAL
2.3. M’P’BAIKI KESEIMBANGAN ELEKTROLIT
A) KELEBIHAN KALIUM / HIPERKALEMIA
- CALCIUM GLUCONAS 10%
0.5 mEQ / KG / IV
E TOXIC EFFECT KALIUM PD COR
- HYPERTONIC SOD. BIC. 7.5%, 3 mEQ/KG:
€ pH DARAH € K+ MASUK KE
SEL
€ K+ DALAM DARAH
- GLUCOSE & INSULIN:
50% GLUCOSE 1 ML /
KG INSULIN 1 U / ML
M’P’CEPAT SINTESA GLIKOGEN
€ UPTAKE K+ € K+
DARAH
- CATION EXCHANGED RESIN
(SOD. POLYSTERENE SULFONATE
= KAYEXALATE)
DOSIS: 1 G RESIN DPT E 1 mEQ
K+
(1 G DILARUTKAN DLM 3-4 ML 5%
DX)
€ VIA NGT ATAU RECTAL
TUBE BISA 1 - 4 X PER
HARI
- LAR. ASAM AMINO
* YG MENGANDUNG HISTIDIN
* M’STABILISER & ME E BUN
* ME E KADAR KALIUM
* ME E KADAR PHOSPHATE
* DOSIS: 0.5-3 G / KG / HARI
DISERTAI ELIMINASI K DLM DIETNYA
B)HIPONATREMI
- KADAR NATR. E OK ECF U
- HIPONATREMI RINGAN: LAMBAT
- HIPONATREMI BERAT:
SEGERA (< 120 mEQ/L)
- PAKAI RUMUS UMUM:
(Cd - Ca) X fd X BB (KG)
= mEQ YANG
PERLU fd
NATRIUM = 0.7
2.8. DIALYSIS
* INDIKASI YG DIANJURKAN:
- FLUID OVERLOAD REFRACT. TO
MEDICINE MANAGEMENT ASS. WITH
HYPERT. CHF
- HYPERKALEMIA REFRACT. TO MEDICINE
- ACIDOSIS REFRACT. TO MEDICINE
- SEVERE HYPONATREMIA
- SYMPTOMATIC UREMIA
- RAPIDLY U BUN, CREATININE
- SUPPORTIVE DIALYSIS (PARENT.NUTRITION)
* DIALYSIS BERSAMA ICU
B. FASE DIURETIC
- URINE O.P MULAI PROGRESIF
- CAIRAN DAN DIET TIDAK
DIBATASI (HATI-HATI BISA
DEHIDRASI)
C.FASE PENYEMBUHAN
- FUNGSI KEMBALI N, T’GANTUNG:
* PENYEBAB RF
* SEVERITY
* CEPAT PENGOBATAN
* ADEKUAT PENGOBATAN
- MORTALITY 20%
PENYEBAB T’BANYAK:
SEPSIS, RESP. FAILURE, CARD. FAILURE
& BRAIN DAMAGED