PERENCANAAN GUDANG
Data Perencanaan :
Pedoman Perencanaan Pembebanan Untuk Rumah dan Gedung (PPURG) tahun 1983
Tata Cara Perencanaan Struktur Baja untuk Bangunan Gedung dengan LRFD (SNI 2015)
Pedoman Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa Untuk Rumah dan Gedung tahun 1983
BAB II
PERENCANAAN ATAP
Perencanaan Atap
Data Perencanaan
Perencanaan Dimensi
Perencanaan Penggantung
Perencanaan Gording
Mutu Baja = BJ 41
Dengan fu = 410 MPa = 4100 kg/cm2
fy = 250 MPa = 2500 kg/cm2
E = 2 x 106 kg/cm2
Dimensi :
Berat Sendiri = 9.4 kg/m
Momen Inersia (Ix) = 188.0 cm4
Momen Inersia (Iy) = 26.0 cm4
ix = 4.0 cm
iy = 1.5 cm
Section Modulus (Sx) = 37.6 cm3
Section Modulus (Sy) = 7.5 cm3
Penutup atap direncanakan dari asbes gelombang dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
Tebal = 5 mm
Berat = 12,5 kg/m2
Lebar efektif (Lb) = 1080 mm
Jarak antar gording = 1100 mm
2. Beban Hidup
a. Beban terpusat 1 orang (P = 100 kg) (PPPURG 1987; 2.1.22(1))
MxD = 1/4 x (P cos α) x Lx
= 1/4 x (100 kg/m cos 22o) x 4.9 m
= 113.58 kg.m
= 11358 kg.cm
3. Beban Angin
Mu = 1.4 MD
MUX = 1.4 x (75.384 kg.m) = 105.54 kg.m
MUY = 1.4 x (3.384 kg.m) = 4.74 kg.m
Mu = 1.2 MD + 1.6 ML
a. Untuk beban mati dan beban hidup terpusat 1 orang
b. Untuk beban mati dan beban hidup air hujan terbagi rata
c. Untuk beban mati dan beban hidup air hujan terbagi rata
Φ = Faktor reduksi, untuk lentur = 0,9 (LRFD tabel 6.4-2 hal 14 & Tabel 7.5-1 hal 86)
a. Penampang Profil
𝑏𝑓 50
Sayap : = = 3.33
2 𝑥𝑡𝑓 2 𝑥 7.5 3.33 < 10.75 (OKE)
170 170
𝜆𝑝 = = = 10,97
√𝑓𝑦 √250
ℎ 100−(2 𝑥 7.5)
Badan : = = 17.0
𝑡𝑤 5 17.0 < 106.25 (OKE)
1680 1680
𝜆𝑝 = = = 106.25
√𝑓𝑦 √250
Jenis penampang =
a. Penampang kompak, jika λ ≤ λp, maka kuat nominal penampang Mn = Mp
(LRFD ; 8.2-1a)
b. Penampang tak kompak, jika λp ≤ λ ≤ λr, maka kuat nominal penampang Mn = Mp – (Mp
𝜆−𝜆𝑝
– Mr) (𝜆𝑟−𝜆𝑝)
(LRFD ; 8.2-1b)
𝜆𝑟
c. Penampang bangsing, jika λp > λ, maka muat nominal penampang Mn = Mr ( )2
𝜆
𝐸 200000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76 𝑥 𝑖𝑦 𝑥 √ = 1.76 𝑥 1.50 𝑥 √ = 74.67 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑦 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Kontrol interaksi :
𝑀𝑈𝑋 𝑀𝑈𝑌 321.16 30.72
+ = + = 0,63 < 1
𝜙𝑏.𝑀𝑛𝑋 𝜙𝑏.𝑀𝑛𝑌 0.9 𝑥 1107.5 0.9 𝑥 117.175
Data perencanaan :
Jarak kuda-kuda = 490 cm
Jumlah penggantung gording = 2 buah
Jumlah gording = 10 buah
Jarak penggantung gording = 490cm/3 = 163.3cm = 1,633 m
= 16.42 kg
2. Beban Hidup
a. Beban hidup terbagi rata
q1 = (40 – 0.8 α)
= (40 – 0.8 x 22) = 22.4 kg/m2 ≤ 20 kg/m2
(karena q ≥ 20 kg/m2 maka diambil q1 = 20 kg/m2)
qL = 20 kg/m2 x 1.10 m
= 22.0 kg/m
RL = qL x sin α x L/3
= 22.0 kg/m x sin 22 x 4.9/3
= 13.46 kg
b. Beban hidup terpusat (PPIUG hal 13)
P = 100 kg
RL = P sin α = 100 kg sin 22o = 37.46 kg
c. Beban angin (PPIUG hal 28)
Tekanan angin daerah jauh dari pantai = 24 kg/m2 (Ditentukan soal)
q =CxW
= 0.96
Rw = q sin α x L/3
= 14.68
Ag = ¼ x π x d2
𝐴𝑔 𝑥 4 0.36 𝑥 4
d=√ = √ = 0.67 cm = 6.7 mm
𝜋 𝜋
d ≥ Panjang Rb / 500
10 mm ≥ 163.30 cm / 500
10 mm ≥ 3.26 mm (OK)
Jadi pakai penggantung gording 10 mm.
BAB III
PERENCANAAN IKATAN ANGIN
III.1. Perencanaan Ikatan Angin Atap
III.1.1. Perhitungan gaya-gaya akibat angin
1 11.276+13.453
R2 = 2 𝑥 ( 𝑥 5) 𝑥 0,16 𝑥 24 = 118.69 𝑘𝑔 kg
2
θ = 38.00 o
Keseimbangan gaya :
ΣV = 0
S S sin θ
R total – S cos θ – R1 = 0
216.49 kg – S cos 38.00o – 97.80 kg = 0
216.49−97.80
S cos θ S= = 150.61 𝑘𝑔
cos 38.0
R1
a. Kontrol leleh (Φ = 0.9)
Pu = Φ.fy.Ag
Ag = Pu / (Φ.fy) = 150.61 / (0.9 x 2500) = 0.066 cm2
b. Kontrol putus (Φ = 0.75)
Pu = Φ.fu.0.75.Ag
Ag = Pu / (Φ.fu.0,75) = 150.61 / (0.75 x 0.75 x 4100) = 0.065 cm2
Ag = ¼ x π x d2
𝐴𝑔 𝑥 4 0.066 𝑥 4
d=√ = √ = 0.28 cm = 2.8 mm
𝜋 𝜋
Kontrol Kelangsingan
d ≥ Panjang Rb / 500
1.3 cm ≥ 624.83 cm / 500
1.3 cm ≥ 1.24 cm (OK)
BAB IV
PEMBEBANAN STRUKTUR UTAMA
IV.1. Perencanaan Profil Rafter
Gording memakai profil kanal 100.50.5.7,5 dengan berat profil sebesar 9.4 kg/m
Ukuran asbes gelombang yang dipakai adalah 150 x 108 cm dengan tebal 5 mm. Sehingga
beratnya adalah 12.5 kg (Brosur)
Profil kuda-kuda yang direncanakan adalah profil WF 250.125.6.9 dengan berat 29.6 kg/m.
Internal Forces
V2 = 10.327 kN Pu = 2.14 kN
V3 = 0 kN Mux = 60.5635 kNm
Vu = 10.327 kN Muy = 0 kNm
Yield
φ Pn = φFy Ag
= 847.35 kN
Rupture
Ae = U Ag
= 3766 mm2
φ Pn = φFu Ae
= 1158.045 kN
Pu < φ Pn
2.14 < 847.35 OK
AXIAL COMPRESSION CAPACITY
Limitation
X Dir Y Dir
KL/rx < 200 KL/ry < 200
17.2840545 < 200 OK 64.428017 < 200 OK
Element Slenderness Check
Flange Webb
b/t < 0.56 √(E/fy) h/tw < 1.49 √(E/fy)
6.94444444 < 15.83919 34.666667 < 42.143564
2 2 2 2
Fe = π E/(KL/rx) Fe = π E/(KL/ry)
= 6607.52002 Mpa = 475.5325 Mpa
φ Pn = φFcr Ag
= 679.985083 kN
Flexural-Torsional Buckling
π2 𝐸𝐶𝑤 1
Fe = ( + 𝐺𝐽)
(𝐾𝑧𝐿 )2 𝐼𝑥+𝐼𝑦
= 580771.101 Mpa
X Direction Y Direction
f = Fcrx = 246.072149 Mpa f = Fcry = 200.6211 Mpa
𝐸 0.34 𝐸 𝐸 0.34 𝐸
be = 1.92 𝑡 1−
𝑏
≤𝑏 be = 1.92 𝑡 1− ≤𝑏
𝑓 𝑏
( ) 𝑓 𝑓 ( ) 𝑓
𝑡 𝑡
= 236.59455 mm = 251.0952 mm
Used be 208 mm
Ae = 37.66 cm2
Qa = Ae / Ag Q = Qa Qs
= 1 = 1
2 2 2 2
Fe = π E/(KL/rx) Fe = π E/(KL/ry)
= 6607.52002 Mpa = 475.5325 Mpa
φ Pn = φFcr Ag
= 679.985083 kN
Used φ Pn 679.985083 kN
Pu < φ Pn
2.14 < 679.9851 OK
FLEXURAL CAPACITY
Profile Compactness check
Flange Webb
𝐸 𝐽𝑐 𝐽𝑐 0.7 𝐹𝑦
Lr = 1.95 𝑟𝑡𝑠 0.7 𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 + (𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜)2+6.76( 𝐸 )2
= 4345.46357 mm
Medium Span LTB Must be Calculated
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
φMn = 𝐶𝑏 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝑓𝑦𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
= 63.221365 kNm
SHEAR CAPACITY
1.10 √(KvE/fy) < h/tw < 1.37 √(KvE/fy) Cv = 1.10 √(KvE/fy) / (h/tw)
= 0
h/tw ≥ 1.37 √(KvE/fy) Cv = (1.51 Kv E) /(fy(h/tw)^2)
= 0
φ Vn = 168.48 kN
Vu < φ Vn
10.327 < 168.48 OK
INTERACTION FORMULA
COMPRESSION - MAJOR BENDING - MINOR BENDING
Pr / Pc ≥ 0.2 NO
Pr / Pc ≥ 0.2 NO
SERVICEABILITY
DEFLECTION CHECK
Δ= 12.021 mm
L/240 = 44.9385417 mm
Δ ≤ L/240 OK
RECAPITULATION
Profile Adequate
IV.2. Perencanaan Profil Balok Anak Lantai 2 Office
Profil Balok Anak yang direncanakan adalah profil WF 250.125.6.9 dengan berat 29.6
kg/m.
Internal Forces
V2 = 23.641 kN Pu = 0.24 kN
V3 = 0 kN Mux = 28.9599 kNm
Vu = 23.641 kN Muy = 0 kNm
Yield
φ Pn = φFy Ag
= 847.35 kN
Rupture
Ae = U Ag
= 3766 mm2
φ Pn = φFu Ae
= 1158.045 kN
Pu < φ Pn
0.24 < 847.35 OK
AXIAL COMPRESSION CAPACITY
Limitation
X Dir Y Dir
KL/rx < 200 KL/ry < 200
47.1153846 < 200 OK 175.62724 < 200 OK
Element Slenderness Check
Flange Webb
b/t < 0.56 √(E/fy) h/tw < 1.49 √(E/fy)
6.94444444 < 15.83919 34.666667 < 42.143564
2 2 2 2
Fe = π E/(KL/rx) Fe = π E/(KL/ry)
= 889.209839 Mpa = 63.99499 Mpa
φ Pn = φFcr Ag
= 190.225356 kN
Flexural-Torsional Buckling
π2 𝐸𝐶𝑤 1
Fe = ( + 𝐺𝐽)
(𝐾𝑧𝐿 )2 𝐼𝑥+𝐼𝑦
= 426144.212 Mpa
X Direction Y Direction
f = Fcrx = 222.246277 Mpa f = Fcry = 56.12361 Mpa
𝐸 0.34 𝐸 𝐸 0.34 𝐸
be = 1.92 𝑡 1−
𝑏
≤𝑏 be = 1.92 𝑡 1− ≤𝑏
𝑓 𝑏
( ) 𝑓 𝑓 ( ) 𝑓
𝑡 𝑡
= 243.906149 mm = 285.0654 mm
Used be 208 mm
Ae = 37.66 cm2
Qa = Ae / Ag Q = Qa Qs
= 1 = 1
2 2 2 2
Fe = π E/(KL/rx) Fe = π E/(KL/ry)
= 889.209839 Mpa = 63.99499 Mpa
φ Pn = φFcr Ag
= 190.225356 kN
Used φ Pn 190.225356 kN
Pu < φ Pn
0.24 < 190.2254 OK
FLEXURAL CAPACITY
Profile Compactness check
Flange Webb
𝐸 𝐽𝑐 𝐽𝑐 0.7 𝐹𝑦
Lr = 1.95 𝑟𝑡𝑠 0.7 𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 + (𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜)2+6.76( 𝐸 )2
= 4345.46357 mm
Long Span LTB Must be Calculated
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
φMn = 𝐶𝑏 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝑓𝑦𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
= 0 kNm
SHEAR CAPACITY
1.10 √(KvE/fy) < h/tw < 1.37 √(KvE/fy) Cv = 1.10 √(KvE/fy) / (h/tw)
= 0
h/tw ≥ 1.37 √(KvE/fy) Cv = (1.51 Kv E) /(fy(h/tw)^2)
= 0
φ Vn = 168.48 kN
Vu < φ Vn
23.641 < 168.48 OK
INTERACTION FORMULA
COMPRESSION - MAJOR BENDING - MINOR BENDING
Pr / Pc ≥ 0.2 NO
Pr / Pc ≥ 0.2 NO
SERVICEABILITY
DEFLECTION CHECK
Δ= 12.021 mm
L/240 = 20.4166667 mm
Δ ≤ L/240 OK
RECAPITULATION
Profile Adequate
IV.3. Perencanaan Profil Balok Induk Lantai 2 Office
Profil Balok Anak yang direncanakan adalah profil WF 298.149.5,5.8 dengan berat 32.0
kg/m.
Internal Forces
V2 = 58.381 kN Pu = 0.55 kN
V3 = 0 kN Mux = 94.248 kNm
Vu = 58.381 kN Muy = 0 kNm
Yield
φ Pn = φFy Ag
= 918 kN
Rupture
Ae = U Ag
= 4080 mm2
φ Pn = φFu Ae
= 1254.6 kN
Pu < φ Pn
0.55 < 918 OK
AXIAL COMPRESSION CAPACITY
Limitation
X Dir Y Dir
KL/rx < 200 KL/ry < 200
9.87903226 < 200 OK 37.234043 < 200 OK
Element Slenderness Check
Flange Webb
b/t < 0.56 √(E/fy) h/tw < 1.49 √(E/fy)
9.3125 < 15.83919 46.545455 > 42.143564
2 2 2 2
Fe = π E/(KL/rx) Fe = π E/(KL/ry)
= 20225.5776 Mpa = 1423.801 Mpa
φ Pn = φFcr Ag
= 852.954052 kN
Flexural-Torsional Buckling
π2 𝐸𝐶𝑤 1
Fe = ( + 𝐺𝐽)
(𝐾𝑧𝐿 )2 𝐼𝑥+𝐼𝑦
= 1169263.84 Mpa
X Direction Y Direction
f = Fcrx = 248.709958 Mpa f = Fcry = 232.286 Mpa
𝐸 0.34 𝐸 𝐸 0.34 𝐸
be = 1.92 𝑡 1−
𝑏
≤𝑏 be = 1.92 𝑡 1− ≤𝑏
𝑓 𝑏
( ) 𝑓 𝑓 ( ) 𝑓
𝑡 𝑡
= 237.425438 mm = 243.4454 mm
Used be 237.4254 mm
Ae = 39.7783991 cm2
Qa = Ae / Ag Q = Qa Qs
= 0.97496076 = 0.974961
2 2 2 2
Fe = π E/(KL/rx) Fe = π E/(KL/ry)
= 20225.5776 Mpa = 1423.801 Mpa
φ Pn = φFcr Ag
= 833.128427 kN
Used φ Pn 833.128427 kN
Pu < φ Pn
0.55 < 833.1284 OK
FLEXURAL CAPACITY
Profile Compactness check
Flange Webb
𝐸 𝐽𝑐 𝐽𝑐 0.7 𝐹𝑦
Lr = 1.95 𝑟𝑡𝑠 0.7 𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 + (𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜)2+6.76( 𝐸 )2
= 4689.40634 mm
Medium Span LTB Must be Calculated
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
φMn = 𝐶𝑏 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝑓𝑦𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
= 98.2574264 kNm
SHEAR CAPACITY
1.10 √(KvE/fy) < h/tw < 1.37 √(KvE/fy) Cv = 1.10 √(KvE/fy) / (h/tw)
= 0
h/tw ≥ 1.37 √(KvE/fy) Cv = (1.51 Kv E) /(fy(h/tw)^2)
= 0
φ Vn = 190.08 kN
Vu < φ Vn
58.381 < 190.08 OK
INTERACTION FORMULA
COMPRESSION - MAJOR BENDING - MINOR BENDING
Pr / Pc ≥ 0.2 NO
Pr / Pc ≥ 0.2 NO
SERVICEABILITY
DEFLECTION CHECK
Δ= 12.021 mm
L/240 = 20.4166667 mm
Δ ≤ L/240 OK
RECAPITULATION
Profile Adequate
A
PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1
KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1
1
TB 36-1
TB 36-1
20000
B B
PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1
KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1
2
TB 36-1
TB 36-1
TB 36-1
TB 36-1
4900
PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1 PC 1
KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1 TB 36-1 KP 1
3
A B C D E F G H I J
A
DENAH PONDASI DAN SLOOF
Skala 1:150
42 UNP 75x40x5x7
129
Atap Zincalume
t: 0.4
Rafter WF
200x100x 5,5x8 elv + 9.100 m
Balok WF
200x100x5.5x8
Lantai 2 elv + 4.900 m
Kolom WF
200x100x5.5x8
Kolom WF
200x100x5.5x8
Kolom Pedestal
Achor Bolt 3/4" 300x200
elv + 1.200 m
Lantai t: 150 Pile Cap
Sloof 300x600
elv - 0.700 m
POTONGAN A-A
Skala 1:100
2000
20000
2000
2000 44100 2000
DENAH ATAP
Skala 1:150
elv + 9.100 m
elv + 4.900 m
Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF Kolom WF
200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8 200x100x5.5x8
elv + 1.200 m
Pile Cap Pile Cap Lantai t: 150 Pile Cap Pile Cap Pile Cap Pile Cap Pile Cap Pile Cap Pile Cap Pile Cap
elv - 0.700 m
2000 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 2000
44100
POTONGAN B-B
Skala 1:150
20000
2
4900
3
KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1 KP 1
4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900 4900
44100
A B C D E F G H I J
DENAH KOLOM
Skala 1:150