1
Projeto Diretrizes
Associação Médica Brasileira e Conselho Federal de Medicina
OBJETIVO:
Fornecer subsídios para o tratamento do câncer de próstata localizado.
CONFLITO DE INTERESSE:
Os conflitos de interesse declarados pelos participantes da elaboração desta
diretriz estão detalhados na página 9.
INTRODUÇÃO
é necessário um seguimento longo para observar os (66,4%), função urinária (64,2 %) e intestinal
benefícios do diagnóstico precoce e do tratamento. (60,5%), função erétil (65,9%) e gozar boa saú-
de (71,3%). É importante frisar que 69,1%
QUALIDADE DE VIDA referiram preservar as relações sociais e que
Uma vez diagnosticado CaP localizado, o 50,5% dos pacientes não tratados estavam in-
paciente, ao decidir sobre o tratamento, estará satisfeitos. Dentre os pacientes satisfeitos,
aceitando o risco de complicações agudas ou 76,8% referiram que escolheriam novamente a
crônicas produzidos pelo mesmo. A necessida- mesma opção26(B).
de de um segundo tratamento (resgate), após
qualquer terapia local com intenção curativa, Ao se avaliar a QV em 2.234 homens sub-
pode ocorrer em percentual considerável de pa- metidos a PR (76%), XRT (11%), OBS (7%),
cientes, o que também interfere nos índices de DA (4%), CRIO (2%) após 1 ano do tratamen-
QV25(B). Após análise de 2.365 pacientes tra- to, e, ao se avaliar a função sexual, verificou-se
tados, concluiu-se que 59,2% estavam satisfei- que esta era um problema para 58%
tos com a opção tomada (PR ou RT). A satisfa- pós-PR, 48% pós-XRT, 64% pós-DA, 45%
ção compreendia “estar livre do câncer” pós-CRIO e, finalmente, 30% após OBS27(B).
Tabela 1
Autor N Seguimento % % %
(Meses) DE pós-RT DE pós-BT pós-PR
Tabela 2
Talcott, 199741(B) 98 3m 48 m 58
12 m 25 38
Litwin, 200042(C) 564 18,7 m 35 35
Bates, 199843(C) 87 22 m 69 35
Wei, 200044(B) 482 24 m 25,8 NS 1,5 NS
35,4 NNS 5,3 NNS
Gray, 199945(C) 167 2,7 a 43 20
46
Shrader-Bogen, 1997 (B) 132 PR: 32 m 46,3 52,3
XRT: 41 m 19,4 15,4
47
McCammon, 1999 (B) 203 PR: 3,4 a 62 33,7
XRT: 6,4 a 62 8,7
48
Steiner, 1991 (C) 399 1,7 a NR 11
37
Catalona, 1999 (B) 1870 4a NR 8
17 (> 70 a)
28
Steineck, 2002 (A) 695 PR: 6,2 a 49 43
49
Nguyen, 1998 (B) - XRT 29 -
50
Gelblum, 1999 (B) - BT 17 (pós RTUP) -
• Embora a maioria dos estudos sugira me- • O regime de observação controlada pode ser
lhor resultado da cirurgia em seguimen- instituído para pacientes com curta expecta-
tos mais prolongados (> 10 anos), a radi- tiva de vida, histologia favorável (ausência de
padrão de Gleason 4/5) e PSA baixo. Os pa-
oterapia externa está indicada em todos
cientes devem ser monitorados pelo menos
os CaP localizados, exceto em pacientes
com dosagem de PSA e toque retal periodi-
com obstrução urinária. Em caso de uso
camente (6/6 meses) e tratados quando hou-
de XRT, é benéfica a associação hormonal
ver indícios de progressão tumoral. Esta con-
neoadjuvante ou adjuvante em próstatas
duta pode excepcionalmente ser adotada em
volumosas ou tumor de alto escore de
pacientes com longa expectativa de vida que
Gleason. As técnicas que obtêm maior
desejarem postergar o tratamento definitivo,
dose no volume-alvo com menor
porém a monitorização deve ser mais freqüen-
morbidade devem ser usadas sempre que
te (3/3 meses), com biópsia anual.
disponíveis;
CONFLITO DE INTERESSE
• A braquiterapia deve ser preferencialmente
indicada em pacientes com escore de Gleason Arruda HO: recebeu reembolso de passa-
< 7, glândula < 60 gramas, expectativa de gens aéreas do laboratório Aventis para compa-
vida > 5 anos e sem sintomas urinários recer a congressos da especialidade nos EUA
obstrutivos importantes; em 2003 e 2004.
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