Peformance

Performance Indices Memory Usage

Power

80% of time is spent in standby mode

80% of operating time is a subset of
80/20 peripherals and functions used
20% of time is spent in operating mode 20% of operating time is spent with all
functions in use

Von Neumann
Architecture
Harvard

Saving power at boot time

Scaling voltage and frequency
Software Techniques
Using sleep modes and idling clock domain
Coordinating sleep and scaling
Power
Embedded processor architecture Reduce power supply voltage
Run at low clock frequency
Chip level
Disable function units with control signals when not in use
Disconnect part from power supply when not in use

Optimal performance key algorithm

Pick Criteria Low power for key algorithm
Efficient management of memory (cache)

Register
Different levels of cache
Memory hierarchy
Main memory
Disc space

Loosely coupled to OS kernel

Set of library coutines; execute in client's context
Configurable as necessary
Power Manager
OS layer Use platform-specific adaptation library for V/F scaling
Application, drivers, CLK register for notifications
Application trigger actions

Algorithm

Prevent obsessive optimization

Inline functions
Table lookups
Optimization for Hand coded assembly
Embedded System Developing efficient code
Register variables
Polling
Fixed point arithmetic

Layers Avoid standard library routine

Native word size
Decreasing code size
C++
Subtopic

Architecture SW to have natural "idle" points

Use interrupt-driven programming
Code and data placement close to
processor to minimize off-chip accesses
Smart placement to allow frequencyly
accessed code/data close to CPU
Size optimizations to reduce footprint,
memory, and corresponding leakage

Top 10 SW power optimization Optimize for speed for more CPU idle
mode or reduce CPU frequency
Don't over calculate
Use DMA for efficient transfer
Use co-processors to efficiently
Code handle/accerlate frequent/specialized
processing
Use more buffering and batch processing
to allow more computation at once and
more time in low power modes

Simplifies control flow

Allocates variables to registers
-o0 (register) Eliminates unused code
Simplifies expressions and statements
Expands calls to inline functions

Performs local copy/constant propagation

-o1 (local) Removes unused assignments
Eliminates local common expressions

Performs local loop optimizations

Optimization levels
Eliminates global common
-o2 (global) sub-expressions
Eliminates global unused assignments
Perform loop unrolling

Removes functions that are never called

Simplifies functions with return value that are never used
-o3 (file) Reorder functions so that attributes of
called function are known when caller is
optimized
Identifies file-level variable characteristics

Optimization for Embedded System.mmap - 2007/8/26 -