Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen Strategik Rumah Sakit)
Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen Strategik Rumah Sakit)
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RINA AMELIA
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Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
PRO DAN KONTRA STRATEGI GENERIK MICHAEL PORTER
Ketika melakukan kajian terhadap strategi perusahaan, harus dipahami bahwa strategi
tersebut berbeda antar-industri, antar-perusahaan, dan antar-situasi. Porter
mengelompokkan strategi ini ke dalam strategi generik, yaitu strategi perusahaan dalam
rangka mengungguli pesaing dalam industri sejenis.
Menurut Porter, jika perusahaan ingin meningkatkan usahanya dalam persaingan yang
semakin ketat, perusahaan harus memilih prinsip berbisnis, yaitu produk dengan harga
tinggi atu produk yang berbiaya rendah, bukan kedua-duanya. Berdasarkan prinsipnya
itu Porter menyatakan ada 3 prinsip Genericd strategic, yaitu Strategi Diferensiasi
(Differentiation), Kepemimpinan Biaya Menyeluruh (Overall Cost Leadership) dan
Fokus (Focus)
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
Advantage
Target Scope
Focus Focus
Narrow
(Market Segment) Strategy Strategy
(low cost) (differentiation)
Starting Point dari proses strategi dari Porter adalah Pasar (market), kompetisi
(competition) dan pelanggan (customer). Konsep Michele Porter tentang startegi
generik sering dikategorikan orang ke dalam Market-Based strategy, beberapa ahli
strategi yang menyusun Generik strategi dalm konsep yang berbeda-beda.
Strategi Wheelen dan Hunger menggunakan konsep General Electric diangganp sejalan
dengan Porter karena strategi ini terkait dengan masalah pasar yang sejalan dengan
konsep Porter.
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
a. Strategi Stabilitas (stability). Strategi ini menekankan pada efisiensi pada segala
bidang (produk, pasar, dan fungsi perusahaan) untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan
keuntungan. Strategi ini berisiko rendah dan cocok untuk posisi mature.
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
Strategi ini dianggab sejalan dengan Porter karene pokok bahasan tentang kompetisi atau
persaingan produk yang dihasilkan.
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
(b)with a price premium:perceived added value
sufficient to to bear price premium.
5. Option five - focussed differentiation.
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
o Procurement. Procurement of raw materials, servicing, spare
parts, buildings, machines, etc.
o Technology Development. Includes technology development
to support the value chain activities. Such as: Research and
Development, Process automation, design, redesign.
o Human Resource Management. The activities associated
with recruiting, development (education), retention and
compensation of employees and managers.
o Firm Infrastructure. Includes general management, planning
management, legal, finance, accounting, public affairs, quality
management, etc.
6. Adam Brandenburger & Barry Nalebuff with The Value Net (PARTS, Co-
opetition)
1. Customers
2. Suppliers
3. Competitors
4. Complements
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
8. Blue Ocean Strategy of W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
Administrative problem: how to ensure efficiency? Centralization,
Vertical Integration, formal procedures, and discrete functions.
Environment: because their environments change slowly, Defenders
can rely on long-term planning.
2. Prospector. A type of company that seeks to exploit new opportunities, to
develop new products and/or services, and to create new markets. Typically its
core skills lie in marketing and R&D and it will tend to have a broad range of
technologies and product types.
Entrepreneurial problem: how to locate and exploit new product and
market opportunities? Prospectors have broad product or service lines
and often promote creativity over efficiency. They prioritize new
product and service development and innovation to meet new and
changing customer needs and demands and to create new demands.
Administrative problem: how to coordinate diverse business activities
and promote innovation? Decentralization, employing generalists (not
specialists), have few levels of management, encourage collaboration
among different departments and units.
Environment: Prospectors thrive in changing business environments
that have an element of unpredictability, and succeed by constantly
examining the market in a search for new opportunities.
3. Analyser. A type of company that avoids excessive risks but excels in the
delivery of new products and/or services. Typically it concentrates on a limited
range of products and technologies and seeks to outperform other companies on
the basis of quality enhancement.
Entrepreneurial problem: how to maintain their shares in existing
markets and how to find and exploit new markets and product
opportunities? Must maintain the efficiency of established products or
services, while remaining flexible enough to pursue new business
activities. Seek technical efficiency to maintain low costs, but also
emphasize new product and service development to remain
competitive when the market changes.
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
Administrative problem: how to manage both of these aspects?
Cultivate collaboration among different departments and units.
Analyzer organizations are characterized by balance—a balance
between defender and prospector organizations.
4. Reactor. A type of company which have little control over their external
environment, lacking the ability to adapt to external competition and lacking in
effective internal control mechanisms. They do not have a systematic strategy,
design, or structure.
No single strategic orientation is the best. Miles and Snow argue that
what determines the success of a company ultimately is not a
particular strategic orientation, but simply establishing and
maintaining a systematic strategy that takes into account a company's
environment, technology, and structure.
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Rina Amelia : Analisa Generic Strategy Dari Michael R Porter Beserta Strategy Lain Beserta Pro Dan Kontra (Manajemen
Strategik Rumah Sakit), 2008
USU Repository © 2008