SOLUTION_1

Problem 1 :
Suatu turbin Kaplan pada sudu bagian masuk memiliki kecepatan relatif (W 1) = 30 m/s
dan membentuk sudut 40o. Kecepatan relatif keluar (W2) = 40 m/s dan membentuk sudut
30o. Diameter roda jalan turbin Kaplan adalah 2 m dan putarannya 600 rpm. Laju aliran
¿
massa ( m ) = 200 kg/s.
Questions:
1). Buat segitiga kecepatan masuk dan berapa nilai U1, C1, C1a, C1u, α1, W1a, W1u?.
2). Buat segitiga kecepatan keluar dan berapa nilai U2, C2, C2a, C2u, α 2,W2a, W2u?.
3). Tentukan Gaya Keliling (Fu)?
4). Daya turbin (P) ?
Solution:
The inlet velocity triangle
U1
α1 β1
Ca1 C1 Wa1
W1

Cu1 Wu1
π D n π × 2 × 600
U 1= = =62. 8 m/s
1). 60 60
Wa1 = W1 sin 40 = 30 sin 40 = 19.23 m/s
Wu1 = W1 cos 40 = 30 cos 40 = 22.98 m/s
Ca1 = Wa1 = 19.23 m/s
Cu1 = U1 ─Wu1 = 62.8 ─ 22.98= 39.82 m/s
C a1 19 .23 m/s
tan α 1 = = =0. 483 ⇒
C u1 39 . 82 m/s α1 = arc tan 0.483 = 25.78o
Ca1 19 .23 m/s
C1 = = =44 . 21 m/s
sin α 1 sin 25 .78 o
2). The outlet velocity triangle

U2 = U1
α2 β2
Ca2 C2 Wa2
W2
Cu2 Wu2
 U2 = U1 = 62.8 m/s
Wa2 = W2 sin 30 = 40 sin 30 = 20 m/s
Wu2 = W2 cos 30 = 40 cos 30 = 34.64 m/s
Ca2 = Wa2 = 20 m/s
Cu2 = U2 ─Wu2 = 62.8 ─ 34.64= 28.16 m/s
C a2 20 m/s
tan α 2 = = =0. 71 ⇒
C u2 28 . 16 m/s α2 = arc tan 0.71 = 35.37o
Ca2 20 m/s
C2 = = =34 . 55 m/s
sin α 2 sin 35 .37 o
3).
¿
kg m kg m
Fu =m×U =200 ×62 . 8 =12560 2 =12560 N
s s s
4).
D 2m
T =Fu × =12560 N× =12560 Nm
2 2 (torsi)
Power:
2πn 2 π 600 Nm J
P=T ×ω=T × =12560 N m× =789168 =789168 =789168 Watt
60 60 s s s

Fu

Problem 2:
Suatu turbin Pelton dengan kecepatan keliling (U2) = 800 m/s. Air yang keluar pada sudu
turbin tersebut sebesar (C2) = 40 m/s yang membentuk sudut 90o dan diameter turbin (D) =
2 m.
Questions:
1) Berapa besarnya U1, C1a, C1u, β1, W1, W1a, W1u, dan gambar segitiga kecepatan masuk ?
2) Berapa besarnya C2a, C2u, β2,dan W2, W2a, W2u, dan gambar segitiga kecepatan keluar ?
3) Berapa rpm putaran roda turbin (n)?
2). Outlet velocity triangle
U2
C2 = 40 m/s (diketahui) β2
W2U2 Wa2
C2
Wu2
U2 = 800 m/s
C2a = C2 = 40 m/s
C2u = 0 (berupa titik)
C2 40 m/s
tan β 2 = = =0 . 05
U2 800 m/s β2 = arc tan 0.05 = 2.86o
C2 40 m/s
W 2= = =801. 67 m/s
Sin β 2 Sin 2 . 86 o
W2a = C2 = 40 m/s
W2u = U2 = 800 m/s
2). Inlet velocity triangle

C1

U1 W1

C1
U 1= ⇒ C1 =2 U1 =2U 2=2 × 800 m/s =1600 m/s
2
C1a = 0 ( berupa titik)
C1u = C1 = 1600 m/s
W1 = C1 – U1= 1600 m/s – 800 m/s = 800 m/s
W1a = 0 ( berupa titik)
W1u = W1 = 800 m/s
3) Berapa rpm putaran roda turbin (n)?
πDn U 1 60 800 m/s × 60
U 1= ⇒ n= = =7639 rpm
60 πD π× 2m

Problem 3:
Satu turbin air Kaplan dengan kecepatan air masuk sudu turbin (C 1) = 200 m/s yang
membentuk sudut masuk (α1) = 20o. Kecepatan putar roda turbin (n) = 800 rpm dan
diameternya (D) = 1,2 m. Sedangkan kecepatan air keluar sudu turbin (C 2) = 40 m/s dan
¿
sudut keluarnya (α2) = 90 . Laju aliran massa ( m ) = 200 kg/s.
o

Questions:
1). Berapa besarnya U1, C1a, C1u, β1, W1, W1a, W1u, dan gambar segitiga kecepatan masuk ?
2). Berapa besarnya U2,C2a, C2u, β2,dan W2, W2a, W2u, dan gambar segitiga kecepatan
keluar?
3). Tentukan Gaya Keliling (Fu)?
4). Daya turbin (P) ?

The inlet velocity triangle

U1 Wu1
α1 β1
C1 W1 Wa1
Ca1

Cu1
1).
Ca1 = C1 sin 20o = 200 sin 20o = 68.4 m/s
Cu1 = C1 cos 20o = 200 cos 20o = 187.9 m/s
π D n π × 1. 2 × 800
U 1= = =50 .26 m/s
60 60
Wa1 = Ca1 = 68.4 m/s
Wu1 = Cu1 ─U1 = 187.9 ─ 50.26= 137.64 m/s
W a1 68 . 4 m/s
tan β1 = = =0 . 497 ⇒
W u1 137 . 64 m/s β1 = arc tan 0.497 = 26.4o
W a1 68 . 4 m/s
W 1= = =153. 8 m/s
sin β 1 sin 26 . 4o
2). The outlet velocity triangle

U2 = U1
α2 β2
Ca2
C2 W2 Wa2

Cu2 Wu2
 U2 = U1 = 50.26 m/s
Ca2 = C2 = 40 m/s
Cu2 = 0 (berupa titik)

Wa2 = C2 = 40 m/s
Wu2 = U2 = 50.26 m/s
W a2 40 m/s
tan β2 = = =0 . 796 ⇒
W u2 50 .26 m/s β2 = arc tan 0.796 = 38.5o
W a2 40 m/s
W 2= = = 64 .2 m/s
sin β 2 sin 38 .5 o
3).
¿
kg m kg m
Fu =m×U =200 ×50 . 26 =10052 2 =10052 N
s s s
4).
D 1. 2 m
T =Fu × =10052 N× =6031. 2 Nm
2 2 (torsi)
Power:
2πn 2 π 800 Nm J
P=T ×ω=T × =6 031. 2 N m× =505268 .6 =505268. 6 =505268. 6 Watt
60 s 60 s s s

Fu

Problem 4:
Francis Turbine has water fall height 150 m and flow capacity of water 2 m3/s with a
turbine shaft turnning of 850 rpm. The turbine obtained power P = 6000 kW with ηT =
0.86. Then we must determine angle of blades and velocity-triangle at inlet and outlet run
wheel.
Question : run wheel size of turbine

Solution :
 Spesific velocity
 ¿

nq=n √ ∀ = 850
√2 = 850 1 .4 =27 .76/minute
H 0,75 0,75
150 42.86
 Factor is utilized for diagram usage on Figure 1.5.2 is,

Co=√ 2 g H=√ 2 × 9.81 m/s2 ×150 m=54.25 m/s

 Tapered factor of thickness blade existence is given by τ = 0.9
u1* = 0.7 (see gambar 1.5.2. by nq = 27.76/minute)
u1 = u1* × Co = 0.7 ×54.25 = 38 m/s
πD1 n 60 u1 60 s/min 38 m/s
u1 = D1= = =0. 85 m
60 πn π 850/min (turbine wheel diameter)

0.7

0.19

nq = 27.76
m/s

Euler Equation : = 0 (in the point form)

ηT g H =( U 1 C 1 −U 2 C U )
U 2

To exit water that perpendicular to suction pipe, so Cu2 = 0 and α2 = 90o, becomes
m
0 . 86 × 9 . 81 × 150 m
ηT g H s2 m
Cu1 = = = 33 .3
U1 m s
38
s
Komponen axial dari C1
Cm1* = 0.19 (seegb 1.5.2. by nq = 27.76/minute)
Cm1 = Cm1* ×Co = 0.19 × 54.25 = 10.3 m/s
Then inlet velocity-triangle can be drawn

U1=38 m/s
α1=17.2o β1 = 64.47o Cm1 = 10.3 m/s
C1 = 34.86 m/s
W1 = 11.5 m/s

Cu1 = 33.3

Cm1 10 .3 m/s
tan α 1= α 1=arc tan =17 . 20
Cu1 33 .3 m/s
Cu1 Cu1 33 . 3 m/s
cos α1 = C1 = = =34 .86 m/s
C1 cos α1 cos 17 . 2o
Cm 1 10. 3 m/s
tan β1 = β 1=arc tan =65. 47o
U 1 −Cu1 (38−33 . 3 ) m/s
U 1 −Cu1 U 1−Cu 1 (38−33 . 3 ) m/s
cos β 1= W1 = = =11 . 32 m/s
W1 cos β 1 cos 65 . 47 o
Width of turbine wheel
¿
∀ 2 m 3 /s
b1 = = =0.08 m
D1 π Cm 1 τ 0.85 m × 3.14 × 10.3 m/s × 0.9
Outlet velocity-triangle from :
U2i* = 0.380 (see gb 1.5.2. by nq = 27.76/minute)
U2i = U2i* × Co = 0.380 × 54.25 = 20.6 m/s
 Co

0.50

0.380

0.170

nq = 27.76
m/s
60 × U2i 60 s/min × 20 . 6 m/s
D 2i = = =0. 463 m
πn 3. 14 × 850/min U2o
Uaverage
U2o* = 0.50 (see gb 1.5.2. by nq = 27.76/minute) U2i
U2o = U2o*× Co = 0.50 × 54.25 = 27.1 m/s
60 × U2o 60 s/min × 27 . 1 m/s C2
D2o= = =0 .61 m W2
πn 3 .14 × 850/min
U 2i +U 2o 20 .6+27 .1
U 2 =U a verage = = =23 .85 m/s
2 2
C2* = 0.170 (see gb 1.5.2. by nq = 27.76/ minute)
Cs = C2 = C2* × Co = 0.170 × 54.25 = 9.2 m/s (Cs = suction velocity)
Suction diameter (Ds):
¿
¿
∀ =
π
D ×Cs
4 S2
DS =
√ √
4∀ 4 × 2
=
π Cs π × 9 .2
= 0.526 m

U2 = 23.85 m/s
┌ β2
C2 = 9.2 m/s α2=90o

W2 = 25.5 m/s
 C2 9 .2 m/s
tan β2 = β 2=arc tan =210
U2 23 . 85 m/s
U2 U2 23 .85 m/s
cos β 2= W2 = = =25 . 5 m/s
W2 cos β 2 cos 21o