E3042 : INSTRUMENTATION 1

POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

EXPERIMENT 1

1.0 TOPIC
Error in Experiment Data (Error In Reading)

2.0 OBJECTIVE
At the end of this experiment, students should be able to:-
2.1 To investigate the error of reading in measurements
2.2 To apply the equations provided to analyze the error.

3.0 THEORY
Errors is defined as a difference between the actual value of a quantity and the value
obtained by a measurement. All measurements are, however, approximate values (not true
values) within the limitation of measuring device, measuring environment, process of
measurement and human error. The following equations are used in performing the
experiment.

Equation:
Rs  R x
3.1 % Of Error  100%
Rs
R  R2  ......  Rn
3.2 Ravg  1
n
  
Rmax  Ravg  Ravg  Rmin 
3.3 Range Of Error 
2
where
Rs = Real Value Resistance
Rx = Measurement Resistance

4.0 APPARATUS:
4.1 10 resistors
4.2 1 digital multimeter
4.3 1 analogue multimeter

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Calculate one of resistor by using colour code resistor and record in
Table 1.1. The reading is an actual value of resistor Rs.
5.2 Measure all resistors using analogue multimeter and record in Table 1.1.
5.3 Measure all the resistors by using digital multimeter and record in Table 1.1.
5.4 Compute the percentage of error from steps 5.2 until 5.3 using Equation 3.1 and
record in Table 1.1 .
5.5 Compute the average of the resistor from step 5.2 until 5.3 using Equation 3.2 and
record in Table 1.1.
5.6 Compute the range of error for the analogue and digital multimeter using
Equation 3.3.

1
 E3042 : INSTRUMENTATION 1

6.0 RESULT:

Colour code Resistor value % of Error

calculation Analogue Digital Analogue Digital Average of the Range of error
(Actual value, Rs) multimeter multimeter multimeter multimeter resistor

Analogue Analogue
multimeter: multimeter:

Digital Digital
multimeter multimeter

Table 1.1

7.0 QUESTIONS:
7.1 Define an error.
7.2 Name the type of errors that occur in this experiment and explain in detail.
7.3 Compare the readings between using analogue and digital multimeter.

8.0 DISCUSSION

9.0 CONCLUSION

2
 E3042 : INSTRUMENTATION 1

10.0 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

10.1 LABORATORY

Cooperation : ( /5 marks)
Discipline : ( /10 marks)
Results : ( /15 marks)

TOTAL : /30 marks

10.2 REPORT

Report : ( /10 marks)

Result : ( /10 marks)
Questions : ( /15 marks)
Analysis/Calculation
Discussion : ( /20 marks)
Conclusion : ( /15 marks)

TOTAL : /70 marks