Inferences abo

aboutt differences
& what test to use
Session 6

Lena Silbermayr
The p
paired t-test

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Example: Comparing 2 brands of fuel

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Example
p Continued

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Example t-test

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Using
g MS Excel

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Interpretation
p of Results

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Comparing
p g two proportions
p p

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Sample
p proportions
p p

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Estimating
g the Standard Error

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Testing (normal distribution, 95% confidence)

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Example:
p Disease treatment

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Example:
p Calculate Proportions
p

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Example:
p Testing
g

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P-Value and Interpretation
p

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Comparing two means: two-sample t-test

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Example:
p Package
g Options
p

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Example:
p Test Statistic

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Example:
p Calculation

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Example:
p Interpretation
p

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Using
g MS Excel for Analysis
y

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MS Excel: t-Test for 2 samples, unequal variances

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Interpretation
p of results

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 Small sample
p sizes

Test statistic is modified to match a t-distribution

(need df)

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Deciding
g what test to use

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Who will win the election?

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Example: Differences in test results

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Differences in test results

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Drug
g effectiveness

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Confidence interval

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 Example: wire manufacturer
• A manufacturer of wire is interested in using a
wire made from a new material but wants
assurance that the new type has the same pitch
characteristic as the old type.
yp A random sample p off
17 wires of the new type and a random sample of
23 wires of the old type are taken. Pitch
measurements show that the mean for the new type
is 41.86 vibrations per second, and the mean for
the old type is 40.93.
40 93 Pitch measurements are
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 2
vibrations pper second.
• Is there a significant difference in pitch between
the two types of wire at a 5% level?

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 Example: courier work
• The following table shows the numbers of
ppackages
g which are pprocessed byy 50 courier
trainees per hour.

505 400 499 415 418 467 551 444 481 429

480 466 477 445 413 537 484 418 465 496

487 373 416 424 471 427 509 410 515 435

482 442 465 449 523 488 508 432 405 440

409 501 440 444 485 475 470 485 469 450

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 Example: courier work

• Experienced couriers process an average of 500

packages per hour. The manager wants to know if
his trainees process at least 90% of the
experienced workers, because there are no late
deliveries as longg as the mean is ggreater than 450.
• At a 5% significance level – can the manager
conclude from the data, that his trainees are
working hard enough for no late deliveries?

Statistics 189