Driving Rain Data for Canadian Building Design
John F Straube and C.J. Schumacher
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada
ABSTRACT
!"#$ &'&() &)($(*+$ ' ,(+"-.-/-01 2-) 3'/34/'+#*0 .)#5#*0 )'#* /-'.$ '$ ' 24*3+#-* -2 3/#,'+( '*. 64#/.#*0 0(-,(+)17 !"( 8#*. $&((. '*. .#)(3+#-* .'+' 2)-, 9:;9 8('+"() 2#/($ ')( 4$(. #* 3-,6#*'+#-* 8#+" )'#*2'// *-),'/$ +- &)(.#3+ +"( '**4'/ .)#5#*0 )'#* 2-) $#<+((* .#)(3+#-*$ #* +8(*+1=+8- ,'>-) 9'*'.#'* 3#+#($7 !"#$ .'+' #$ &/-++(. '*. +'64/'+(.7 ?-.#2#3'+#-* 2'3+-)$ ')( &)($(*+(. +- 3-*5()+ +"($( )'8 .)#5#*0 )'#* .'+' +- '3+4'/ .)#5#*0 )'#* /-'.$ -* 5()+#3'/ 64#/.#*0 $4)2'3($7
INTRODUCTION
!"#$%&'( #$ %*( +"$% ,"++"- ,.&$( "/ 0#-3 (-,1"$&'( 4('/"'+.-,( 4'"01(+$5 6- 7.-.2.8 .#' 1(.9.3( ,"-2(-$.%#"-8 "-( "/ %*( +.:"' $"&',($ "/ ;(%%#-38 *.$ '(,(#<(2 . 3'(.% 2(.1 "/ .%%(-%#"- #- %*( 4.$%5 =";(<('8 %*( .+"&-% "/ ;.%(' 2(4"$#%(2 "- %*( .0"<(>3'.2( 0#-3 (-,1"$&'( 0? 2'#<#-3 '.#- #$ 3(-('.11? 1.'3(' %*.- .-? "%*(' $"&',(8 #-,1&2#-3 ,"-2(-$.%#"-8 #- .1+"$% .11 ,.$($5 6- %*( 4.$%8 '.#- ,"-%'"1 &$&.11? +(.-% 4'(<(-%#-3 '.#- /'"+ 4(-(%'.%#-3 %" %*( #-%('#"' "/ %*( 0#-3 "' ;(%%#-3 #-%('#"' /#-#$*($5 @"2.?8 +"'( '.#- 4(-(%'.%#"- 4'"01(+$ .'( 2&( %" '.#- .0$"'4%#"- #-%" +.%('#.1$8 $%.#-#-38 .-2 4(-(%'.%#"- #-%" ;.11 ,.<#%#($ ;*('( +"&128 '"%8 .-2 ,"''"$#"- ,.- 0( $&$%.#-(25 7.-.2#.- '($(.',* *.$ #+4'"<(2 "&' &-2('$%.-2#-3 "/ '.#- 4(-(%'.%#"-8 .-2 . ,"++"- $(% "/ ,"-%'"1 $%'.%(3#($ *.<( 0((- 2(<(1"4(2 /"' 4'.,%#,( A7!=7 BCCC8 D%'.&0( E F&'-(%% GHHHI J($4#%( %*( #+4"'%.-,( "/ 2'#<#-3 '.#- %" 0#-3 4('/"'+.-,(8 %*('( #$ $%#11 . 1.,9 "/ K&.-%#%.%#<( 2.%. "/ %*( +.3-#%&2(8 2&'.%#"-8 .-2 /'(K&(-,? "/ '.#- 2(4"$#%#"- "- 0#-3$5 J'#<#-3 '.#-8 0"%* #- %*( /'(( ;#-2 .-2 2(4"$#%#"- "- . %($% *"&$(8 *.<( 0((- +(.$&'(2 /"' $(<('.1 ?(.'$ .% %*( F#-3 L-3#-(('#-3 M'"&4N$ OFLMP /&11>$,.1( -.%&'.1 (Q4"$&'( .-2 %($% /.,#1#%?8 %*( F(3*&%5 !(.$&'(+(-%$ *.<( .1$" '(,(-%1? 0((- &-2('%.9(- "- "%*(' 0#-3$ #- %*( /#(125 @*( 4'(2#,%#<( ,.4.,#%? 2(<(1"4(2 /'"+ %*($( /#(12 +(.$&'(+(-%$ #$ 4'($(-%1? 0(#-3 .441#(2 %" . '.-3( "/ 7.-.2#.- ,1#+.%($ ;#%* /&-2#-3 /'"+ %*( 7!=7 LRS 3'.-% 4'"3'.+ .-2 TDLR75
CALCULATING DRIVING RAIN
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
r
v
= 0.208 · V· r
h
(1) where, r v is the rate of rain passing through a vertical plane (l/m
2
/h), V is the average wind velocity (m/s), and r h
is the average rainfall rate on a horizontal plane such as the ground (mm/m
2
/h).
@*#$ (K&.%#"- ;.$ 0.$(2 "- . +#Q "/ /#(12 +(.$&'(+(-%$ .-2 ,.1,&1.%#"-$5 D&0$(K&(-% %*("'(%#,.1 ;"'9 .-2 . ,"-$#2('.01( .+"&-% "/ /#(12 +(.$&'(+(-% *.$ .11";(2 &$ %" (Q%(-2 .-2 3(-('.1#V( LK&.%#"- G %"
r v = DRF · V(h) · r h (2) where V(h) is the wind speed
at the height of interest
(m/s),
10th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology
Ottawa, May 2005
149
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
!"#$%& () *%"+",# %-",
O'L%+&)/'*/ '7 7)#,9 L#+/2&#L#*(/ P)(" ("#'&#().+, +*+,-/)/ =>(&+2<# ABBVD "+/ /"'P* ("+( ("# 8+,2# 7'& ("# E&)8)*: F+)* G+.('& 3EFGWAXY
(
5 .+* <# .+,.2,+(#9 12)(# %&#.)/#,- 7&'L &+)*7+,, +*9 P)*9 /%##9 9+(+ 2/)*:Z
Vt(Ø) = -.166033 + 4.91844•Ø - .888016•Ø
2
+ .054888•Ø
3
≤
9.20 (3)where Vt(Ø) is the raindrop terminal velocity (in m/s) for a raindrop diameter (mm) Ø
!"# 7',,'P)*: &#,+()'* "+/ <##* 7'2*9 (' &#%&#/#*( ("# 9)/(&)<2()'* '7 &+)*9&'% /);#/ +/ + 72*.()'* '7 &+)*7+,, )*(#*/)(-Z
F(Ø) = 1- exp
{
-
(
Ø1.30· rh
0.232
)
2.245
}
(4)where F(Ø) is used to calculate the
median
drop diameter from the rainfall intensity at everyhourly interval.
!"# #U%#&)L#*(+, P'&[ #&#*.#/ "+/ /"'P* ("+( ("# 12+*()(- '7 9&)8)*: &+)* )* +* 2*'</(&2.(#9 P)*9 7,'P .+* <# .+,.2,+(#9 P)(" +* +..2&+.- '7 <#((#& ("+* AQ\ 2/)*: 012+()'*/ 4 ("&'2:" N =>(&+2<# ABBVDH !"# .'/)*# '7 ("# +*:,# <#(P##* ("# %,+*# '7 )*(#&#/( +*9 ("# 9)&#.()'* '7 ("# P)*9 .+* <# 2/#9 9' +..'2*( 7'& P)*9 9)&#.()'* '* + %,+*# '&)#*(#9 )* + /%#.)7). 9)&#.()'*H G)*+,,-6 P)*9 /%##9 .+* <# .'*8#&(#9 (' /(+:*+()'* %&#//2&# 3+//2L)*: + (#L%#&+(2&# '7 AR O5 2/)*:
P
stag
= 0.6 V
2
(5)
Previous Driving Rain Data Formats
!' +//#// ("# )*7,2#*.# '7 .,)L+(# '* 9&)8)*: &+)* #U%'/2 9#/):*#&/ "+8# )* ("# %+/( &#/'&(#9 (' @'-9]/ 9&)8)*: &+)* L+% '7 O+*+9+ =@'-9 AB^_D '& K&)LL`/ L+% '7 ("# I*)(#9 >(+(#9 =K&)LL ABV4DH !"#/# L+%/ %,'( ("# +**2+, E&)8)*: F+)* a*9#U 3EFa5H !"# EFa )/ ("# %&'92.( '7 ("# +**2+, +8#&+:# P)*9 /%##9 +*9 ('(+, +**2+, &+)*7+,,6 ("+( )/Z
rv = V· rh (6)
P"#&# Y +*9 &
"
+&# +**2+, +8#&+:#/H
150
10th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology
Ottawa, May 2005
b,("'2:" 2/#72, +/ <&'+9 +*9 &#,+()8# .,)L+(# L#+/2&#/6 ("# EFa 9'#/ *'( &#%&#/#*( ("# +.(2+, 12+*()(- '7 &+)* 9#%'/)()'*H T'P#8#&6 +/ .+* <# /##* <- .'L%+&)/'* P)(" 012+()'* 46 ("# EFa .'2,9 <# .'*8#&(#9 (' +* +.(2+, 12+*()(- <- 2/# '7 ("# %&'%#& EFG <+/#9 '* "'2&,- 8+,2#/H G'& ,+.[ '7 <#((#& )*7'&L+()'*6 ("#/# EFa %,'(/ +//2L# ("+( <'(" ("# P)*9 /%##9 92&)*: &+)* +*9 P)*9 9)&#.()'* 92&)*: &+)* +&# ("# /+L# +/ ("'/# 92&)*: +8#&+:# .'*9)()'*/H J"),# L#+/2&#L#*(/ "+8# /"'P* ("+( ("# 9)/(&)<2()'* '7 P)*9 /%##9 92&)*: &+)* )/ +,L'/( ("# /+L# +/ 3(-%).+,,- AQ (' 4Q\ "):"#&5 ("+( 92&)*: +,, "'2&/ ("# P)*9 9)&#.()'* 92&)*: &+)*7+,, )/ '7(#* 12)(# 9)77#&#*( 37+.('&/ '7 4 (' R5 ("+* 92&)*: *'*c&+)*- "'2&/ =>2&&#- #( +, ABBRDH @'(" '7 ("#/# .'*.,2/)'*/ +&# .,)L+(# 9#%#*9#*(H b 72&("#& ,)L)(+()'* '7 ("# +%%,).+()'* '7 EFa %,'(/ (' <2),9)*: 9#/):* )/ ("+( ("#- 9' *'( ,#.( ("# )L%+.( '7 '&)#*(+()'* +*9 #U%'/2&#H a( )/ .,#+& (' %&+.()()'*#&/ ("+( 9)77#&#*( ,'.+,)()#/ "+8# 9)77#&#*( <2),9)*: 7+.#/ P)(" /):*)7).+*(,- "):"#& &+)* 9#%'/)()'* +*9 ("+( + <2*:+,'P )/ #U%'/#9 9)77#&#*(,- ("+* + "):" &)/# <2),9)*: '* + "),,('%H T#*.#6 ("#&# )/ + *##9 7'& L'&# +..2&+(# %,'(/ '7 9&)8)*: &+)* ("+( ,#.( ("# 9)77#&#*( .,)L+(#/ '7 O+*+9+6 +..'2*( 7'& ("# +.(2+, 9)/(&)<2()'* '7 P)*9 /%##9 +*9 &+)* 7+,, )*(#*/)(-6 +*9 +..'2*( 7'& P)*9 9)&#.()'* 92&)*: &+)*H
DRIVING RAIN DATA
J# "+8# <#:2* + %&'d#.( (' 9#8#,'% *#P L'&# 2/#72, +*9 L'&# +..2&+(# 9&)8)*: &+)* L+%/ +*9 9+(+ 7'& O+*+9+H I/)*: 012+()'*/ 4 (' N6 "'2&,- P#+("#& 9+(+ '7 P)*9 /%##9 +*9 &+)*7+,, &+(# .+* <# %&'.#//#9 +*9 9&)8)*: &+)* 9+(+ :#*#&+(#9H !' <# 2/#72, (' 9#/):*#&/6 P)*9 9)&#.()'* /"'2,9 <# (+[#* )*(' +..'2*( +*9 (")/ )/ #+/),- 9'*# )7 "'2&,- +8#&+:# P)*9 /%##9 92&)*: &+)* )/ +8+),+<,#H !"#&# +&# /#8#&+, ."').#/ '7 P#+("#& 9+(+H T'2&,- 9+(+ .'*(+)*)*: ("# ("&## )	 #,#L#*(/ +&# +8+),+<,# 7'& +( ,#+/( 4Q -#+&/ +( L+*- 9)77#&#*( ,'.+()'*/ ("&'2:"'2( O+*+9+H O+*+9)+* J#+("#& 7),#/ 7'& 0*#&:- O+,.2,+()'*3OJ0O5 9+(+ 7),#/ +&# +,/' P)9#,- +8+),+<,# +*9 &#%&#/#*( + (-%).+, -#+& '* ("# <+/)/ '7 (#L%#&+(2&# +*9 /',+& &+9)+()'*H J# "+8# ."'/#* (' 2/# OJ0O 7),#/ 7'& '2& )*)()+, 9&)8)*: +*+,-/)/ (' /)L%,)7- ("# %&'<,#L/ '7 ."''/)*: +* +8#&+:# &+)* -#+&H J# %,+* (' +,/' :#*#&+(# 9+(+ 2/)*: L2,()c-#+& P#+("#& 7),#/ 7'& + *2L<#& '7 ,'.+()'*/H e*# '7 ("# ."+,,#*:#/ '7 2/)*: OJ0O 7),#/ )/ ("+( ("#- 9' *'( %&'8)9# 9)&#.( 12+*()()#/ '7 7+,,)*: &+)* )*(#*/)(-H a*/(#+96 ("# 7),#/ )*.,29# .+(#:'&)#/ '7 &+)*7+,, (-%# +*9 )*(#*/)(-6 ,'.+(#9 )* .',2L* C^ '7 ("# HOJ4 7),#/H !"#/# .+(#:'&)#/ &#%&#/#*( + &+*:# '7 &+)*7+,, 12+*()(-H T'P#8#&6 /2LL)*: ("# +8#&+:# '7 #+." &+*:# '8#& + -#+& 9'#/ *'( *#.#//+&),- &#/2,( )* ("# .'&&#.( ('(+, &+)*7+,, 7'& + /)(# <+/#9 '* .,)L+(# *'&L+,/H T#*.#6 P# "+8# +%%,)#9 P#):"()*:/ (' #+." .+(#:'&- +/ /"'P* )* !+<,# A +*9 *'&L+,);#9 ("# &#/2,(/ 2/)*: ("# _Q -#+& *'&L+, L'*(",- &+)*7+,, 12+*()()#/ %2<,)/"#9 <- 0*8)&'*L#*( O+*+9+H
.-/0& () %-", 1-.%"&3 !%24 15&1 !"0&3
15&1 *676 !869 :15&1 %6;< 167=9>?@A %6;<B688 %67= 5=;9C7D
Q 3f'*#5 Q A 3S):"( F+)*56 N 3S):"( F+)* >"'P#&/56 C 3S):"( G&##;)*: F+)*5 4 4 3g'9#&+(# F+)*56 R 3g'9#&+(# F+)* >"'P#&/56 V 3g'9#&+(# G&##;)*: F+)*5 N _ 3T#+8- F+)*56 ^ 3T#+8- F+)* >"'P#&/5 V
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10th Canadian Conference on Building Science and Technology
Ottawa, May 2005
151
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