BAB 7: RESPIRASI

SOALAN STRUKTUR

1 Diagram 2 shows an organelle found in muscle cells.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu organel yang terdapat dalam sel otot.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) (i) What is the organelle?

Apakah organel tersebut?

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why membrane X is in the form of numerous folded layers.

Jelaskan mengapa membran X adalah dalam bentuk lapisan yangm berlipat-
lipat.

[2 marks]

(b) The following equation summarises a biochemical reaction that occurs in the
organelle.
Persamaan yang berikut meringkaskan suatu tindak balas biokimia yang berlaku
dalam organel tersebut.

Glucose + X → Y + Carbon dioxide + Energy

Glukosa + X → Y + Karbon dioksida + Tenaga

(i) Name X and Y.

Namakan X dan Y.

1
 X:

Y:

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain how the biochemical reaction can still occur if the blood sugar level is
lower than the normal range.
Jelaskan bagaimana tindak balas biokimia tersebut masih boleh berlaku jika aras
gula dalam darah adalah rendah daripada julat normal.

[3 marks]

(c) State two differences on the biochemical reaction occuring between muscle cell and
yeast cell in the absence of X.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan ke atas tindak balas biokimia yang berlaku antara sel otot
dan sel yis tanpa kehadiran X.

Muscle cell Yeast cell

Sel otot Sel yis

[4 marks]

2
2 Respiration is a process that occurs in all living organisms. Diagram 1.1 shows two
individuals, R and S in two different situations. R is playing piano while S is running in
a 100m sprint event.
Respirasi islah proses yang berlaku di dalam semua organism hidup. Rajah 1.1
menunjukkan dua individu R dan S dalam dua situasi berbeza.R sedang bermain
piano manakala S sedang berlari dalam acara pecut 100m.

Individual R Individual S
Individu R Individu S

Diagram 1.1/Rajah 1.1

(a) Based on the Diagram 1.1, identify the type of repiration for R and S?
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 1.1, kenal pasti jenis respirasi bagi R dan S?

R : ……………………………………………………………………………………………

S :…………………… ………….……………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]

(b) (i) State two differences between the type of repiration that occurred in R and S.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara jenis respirasi yang berlaku dalam R dan S?

……………………………………………………….……………………………………

……………………………….……………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]

(ii) Write the word equation for the type of repiration that occurred in R.
Tuliskan persamaan perkataan bagi jenis respirasi yang berlaku dalam R

……………………………….……………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

3
(c) At the end of the 400 metre sprint event, the man in situation S experienced
paintful leg cramps due to muscle fatigue.
Pada akhir acara lumba lari pecut 400m, lelaki dalam situasi S mengalami
kekejangan kaki yang amat sakit akibat kelesuan otot.

Explain why muscle fatigue occurs.

Terangkan mengapa kelesuan otot berlaku.

……………………………………………………….……………………………………

……………………………….……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………….……………………………………
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

(d) Diagram 1.2 show a regulating mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide content
in the human body.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan mekanisma kawalatur kandungan oksigen dan karbon
dikoksida di dalam badan manusia

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2

(i) Based on diagram 1.2, explain how pH blood is maintained after running.
Berdasarkan rajah 1.2, terangkan bagaimana pH darah dikekalkan selepas
berlari.
……………………………………………………….……………………………………

……………………………….……………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………….……………………………………
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]
4
 (ii) State one way to maintain the efficiency of the function of respiratory organ?
Nyatakan satu cara yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengekalkan fungsi organ
respirasi supaya sentiasa dalam keadaan sihat?

……………………………………………………….……………………………………
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

3 Diagram 2.1 shows the exchange of respiratory gases X and Y between the alveolus,
blood capillary and the body cells and the transport of the gaseous.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan pertukaran gas respirasi X dan Y di antara alveolus, salur
darah dan sel badan serta pengangkutan gas-gas tersebut.

Alveolus

Y X

Blood
vessel P Blood
vessel Q

Body cells

Diagram 2.1/Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name gas X and Y.

Namakan gas X dan Y.

X :………………………..................................................................................................

Y :……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]
5
 (ii) State the difference between blood content in P and Q.
Nyatakan perbezaan antara kandungan darah dalam P dan Q.

…………………………………………………………….………………………………….....
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

(iii) State one characteristic of alveoli are adapted for efficient gas exchange.
Nyatakan satu ciri alveolus diadaptasikan untuk pertukaran gas yang efisien.

.....................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

(b) Describe how gaseous exchange occurs between alveolus and blood capillaries.
Huraikan bagaimana pertukaran gas berlaku antara alveolus dan kapilari darah

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

(c) Explain the main way how gas Y is transported from body cells to the alveolus.
Terangkan cara utama bagaimana gas Y diangkut dari sel-sel badan ke alveolus
.....................................................................................................................................
.
.....................................................................................................................................
.
.....................................................................................................................................
.
.....................................................................................................................................
.
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

6
(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the use and production of ATP in human body cells.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan penggunaan dan penghasilan ATP di dalam sel badan
manusia.

Diagram 2.2/Rajah 2.2

Based on Diagram 2.2, explain how energy from respiration is used for cells activity.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, terangkan bagaimana tenaga dari respirasi digunakan untuk
aktiviti sel.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]

7
4 Diagram 3.1 and 3.2, show the tissues in respiratory system in human and in plant
respectively.
Rajah 3.1 dan 3.2 masing-masing menunjukkan tisu dalam sistem respirasi manusia
dan tumbuhan.

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1 Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2

(a)(i) State the organ in which the tissue in Diagram 3.1 can be found.
Nyatakan organ di mana tisu dalam rajah 3.1 boleh dijumpai

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
(ii) State the function of organ stated in (a)(i).
Nyatakan fungsi organ yang dinyatakan di (a)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

(b) Explain how gaseous exchange occurs during respiration in Diagram 3.1 and
Diagram 3.2.
Terangkan bagaimana pertukaran gas berlaku semasa respirasi dalam Rajah 3.1 dan
Rajah 3.2.
Gaseous exchange in Diagram 3.1:
Pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 3.1.

......................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
.
.....................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]
8
 Gaseous exchange in Diagram 3.2:
Pertukaran gas dalam Rajah 3.2:.

......................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
.
.....................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks/ 2 markah]

(c) State three differences between tissues in Diagram 3.1 and 3.2.
Nyatakan three perbezaan antara tisu dalam Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

( d) Smokers do not realize that they destroy their respiratory organ during smoking.
Explain how this habit will affect the intake of oxygen efficiency.
Perokok tidak sedar bahawa mereka akan merosakkan organ respirasi semasa
merokok. Terangkan bagaimana tabiat ini boleh mempengaruhi kecekapan
pengambilan oksigen.

......................................................................................................................................

. .....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
.
........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

END OF QUESTIONS