AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH VISITOR COUNTER

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A Special Problem

Presented to the Faculty of

the College of Information and Communication Technology

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ARTS

City of Calamba

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In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING

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By

RECHELLE A. ANTONIANO

NELSON G. MASONGSONG
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

This project would have been much simpler if I had an electronic door lock…but I didn’t!
They’re expensive, so I didn’t want to buy a new electronic door lock. I wanted to open the front
door of my house without “seriously” modifying/replacing any door components. I thought about
using a servo/stepper motor to twist the door knob on the door, but their control circuitry is
slightly complicated if you’re not using a microcontroller. So, I decided to use a simple, 24VDC,
“pull solenoid”. They don’t have any complicated control circuitry and you just have to supply
the required voltage to make them work. I simply fastened the solenoid to the door knob with a
metal wire. When the solenoid is switched on, its linear motion twists the door knob and opens
the door. Positioning the solenoid properly was probably the only mechanical challenge in
building this door opener because the force applied by a solenoid, is theoretically inversely
proportional the square of the length of the air gap. Thus, strongest force is generated when the
air gap is smallest.

Conceptual Framework

A
Enter Exit
T
Enter Sensor
(1)
Signal
Conditioning 8 Relay Driver

9
Exit Sensor (2) Signal
S Light
Conditioning
5
2
 Power Supply

The Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter is shown in the above figure.
Mainly this conceptual framework consists of the following essential blocks.
1. Power Supply
2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit
3. AT 89S52 micro-controller
4. Relay driver circuit

1. Power Supply:
The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential
circuits. +12 voltage is given. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply use
IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.

2. Enter and Exit Circuits:

This is one of the main parts of project. The main intention of this block is to sense the
person. For sensing the person and light use the light dependent register (LDR). By using this
sensor and its related circuit diagram it can count the persons.
 3. 89S52 Microcontroller:
It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash
Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51TM
instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed
in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit
CPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
Microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution so many
embedded control applications.

4. Relay Driver Circuit:

This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block mainly
we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the
light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further
energizing the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its allotted
function.

If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2. And
if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it
is first time interrupted. If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for
the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. When the
last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off. And light
will be turn off.

Statement of the Problem

 In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in
standard of living. There is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the
complexity of life.

An automated light may have limited level of intelligence hence it is most likely
susceptible to commit error.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to make a controller based model to locked the door
particular the house door or the gate and accordingly light up the room. The sensor can use to
know the present number of persons inside the room.

this study aims to develop automatically controlled switch to the door this design that
would provide security

Significance

Now I’m thinking about building a password protected door by placing a keypad outside my
house which will generate DTMF tones. A circuit on the other side of the door will check the
numbers entered, and if the password is correct, it will open the door. However, there’s one little
snag. Any nasty programmer would just love to use a computer to generate DTMF tones and
crack the password using brute force…I would

Scope and Limitations

The study used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot
be used when two person cross simultaneously. The counter can only read less than 100 persons.