Laboratory Experiment 07
GROUP: - 3
Objective
1. To investigate the effect of series capacitors on the limits of power transfer over a
transmission line, with its terminal voltages fixed.
2. To investigate the effect of shunt capacitors on a transmission line with its terminal
voltages fixed.
Apparatus
Calculations
Series Capacitive Reactance
Per Unit Compensation of the Line =
Inductive Reactance
Sample Calculation
C = 6 µF , L = 0.15 H , f = 50 Hz
Inductive components in a power system such as ballasts, motors and heaters, draw
Reactive power (lagging power) from the supply. It lags behind the Active Power by 90 0. If a
capacitor is connected across the supply, it will draw Leading Reactive Power, which leads the
Active Power by 90 degrees. The direction of the Capacitive (leading) Reactive Power is opposite
to the direction of the Inductive (lagging) Reactive Power
Industrial facilities tend to have a lagging power factor, where the current lags the
voltage because of having a lot of electric induction motors. This will lead to the consumption of
Lagging Reactive Power. To minimize this effect we should either consume Leading Reactive
Power or Supply Lagging Reactive Power within the system. This can be accomplished by adding
Shunt Capacitors to the system. Some industrial sites will have large banks of capacitors strictly
for the purpose of correcting the power factor back toward one to save on utility company charges.
By selecting a capacitor of an appropriate value, the power factor can be corrected to 1. However,
in normally the power factor is improved to in between 0.9 and 0.95.